Tag: pubmed

J Voice. 2026 Mar 11:S0892-1997(26)00049-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.01.045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD) is a neurological voice disorder characterized by involuntary spasms of the adductor laryngeal muscles during phonation. An automated creak detector has shown promise in differentiating English speakers with AdLD from controls. However, no study has yet investigated creak in AdLD in Spanish speakers. In fact, there is a paucity of research validating tools to identify laryngeal dystonia (LD) in languages other than English. The purpose of this study was to determine whether creak differentiates Spanish-speaking individuals with and without AdLD.

METHODS: Twenty speakers with AdLD, twenty speakers without voice disorders (controls), and twenty speakers with glottic insufficiency were recorded in a clinical environment. Each participant read a set of recently developed Spanish stimuli designed for LD screening, containing voiced and voiceless loaded sentences. An open-source creak detector was used to calculate the percentage of creak in each speaker’s recording. Mean smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) per speaker was calculated in Praat.

RESULTS: A Pearson’s correlation revealed a moderate relationship between creak and CPPS across groups (r = -0.56). An analysis of covariance revealed a statistically significant effect of creak between groups (F(3, 56) = 13.52, P > 0.05, R² = 0.39). Three receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that creak differentiated AdLD and Controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88), as well as AdLD and Glottic Insufficiency with acceptable diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.73), but not between control or glottic insufficiency groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Creak differentiated Spanish speakers with and without AdLD with moderate discrimination. Although creak and CPPS were moderately correlated, when controlling for CPPS, creak was statistically different between speakers with AdLD and speakers with glottic insufficiency, and between speakers with AdLD and controls. Further work is needed to determine the clinical utility of creak in aiding a differential diagnosis of AdLD and muscle tension dysphonia in Spanish-speaking individuals.

PMID:41820120 | DOI:10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.01.045

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 11;62(3):214-222. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250425-00203.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics of conjunctival melanoma (CoM). Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical, imaging and pathological data of patients diagnosed with CoM from January 2004 to June 2025 at Shaanxi Eye Hospital of Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital) and Xi’an First Hospital were analyzed. Some patients were detected for the BRAF V600E mutation. The χ² test or the χ² correction test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 70 patients (70 eyes) with CoM were enrolled, aged (60.8±10.6) years, including 40 males (57.1%) and 30 females (42.9%). There were 33 cases (47.1%) in the left eye and 37 cases (52.9%) in the right eye. The tumor was located at the bulbar conjunctiva in 37 cases (52.9%), at the vault conjunctiva in 24 cases (34.2%), and at the palpebral conjunctiva in 9 cases (12.9%), involving the orbit in 13 cases (18.6%), the eyeball in 3 cases (4.3%), and the lacrimal sac in 6 cases (8.6%). Most patients presented with black nodules or cauliflower-like masses in the conjunctival area. Some tumors were accompanied by superficial vascular hyperplasia and pigmentation of adjacent tissues, while some invaded the cornea or orbit, resulting in clinical manifestations such as visual field defects, exophthalmos and limited movement. Imaging showed irregular soft tissue density shadows at the conjunctival site. According to the criteria of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the tumor was at the T1 stage in 10 cases (14.3%), T2 stage in 41 cases (58.6%), and T3 stage in 19 cases (27.1%), with superficial ulcers in 6 cases (8.6%). Histopathology results disclosed that 67 cases (95.7%) were of the nodular type, 3 cases (4.3%) were of the superficially diffuse type, 47 cases (67.1%) were of the epithelial cell type, and 23 cases (32.9%) were of the mixed cell type. Sixty-three cases (90.0%) were accompanied by melanin, 32 cases (45.7%) were accompanied by primary acquired melanosis, including 23 cases (32.9%) with atypical primary acquired melanosis and 2 cases (2.9%) with conjunctival nevus, and 48 cases (68.6%) had tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positive melanin markers such as human melanoma-associated antigen 45, melanocyte antigen A, S-100 protein and sex-determining region Y-frame protein 10. Thirty cases (42.9%) completed the detection of BRAF V600E mutations, of which 11 had BRAF V600E point mutations, with a positive rate of 36.7%. Sixty-two patients (88.6%) were followed up, with a recurrence rate of 27.4% (17/62), a metastasis rate of 19.4% (12/62), and a case fatality rate of 54.8% (34/62). The recurrence rate was 4/5 among patients with ulcers, versus 22.8% (13/57) among patients without ulcers (χ²=4.96, P=0.026); it was 8/13 among patients with orbital invasion, versus 18.3% (9/49) among patients without orbital invasion (χ²=9.62, P=0.002). Thirty-four patients (48.5%) underwent complete resection of the ocular mass, 16 (22.9%) underwent partial resection, and 20 (28.6%) underwent ocular or intraorbital enucleation. Ten patients (14.3%) received BRAF inhibitor-targeted therapy. Seven patients had a significant reduction of the residual mass and no tumor progression, and 3 patients did not respond to the treatment and died from the disease progression. Conclusions: CoM mostly occurs in the unilateral eye of middle-aged and elderly patients, more common at the bulbar conjunctiva and fornix conjunctiva, and histopathological epithelial cell types are the main types, with a high recurrence and metastasis rate.

PMID:41820066 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250425-00203

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 11;62(3):202-208. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250425-00198.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To report the recurrence of peripheral angle synechiae (PAS) in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation and goniosynechialysis (PEI-GSL) during an intermediate-and long-term follow-up. Methods: This retrospective case series included patients with acute or chronic PACG who underwent PEI-GSL performed by the same surgeon at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2017 and December 2019, with complete postoperative gonioscopic records. The primary outcome measures were the incidence and extent (in clock hours) of recurrent PAS at the last follow-up. The secondary outcomes included the surgical success rate, intraocular pressure, and the number of intraocular pressure-lowering medications. The intergroup comparisons were performed using the generalized estimating equation. The intragroup comparisons before and after surgery were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: A total of 57 patients (69 eyes) were included, with a mean follow-up of 23.3±9.0 months. Among them, 37 patients (41 eyes) had acute PACG [9 males (24.3%), 28 females (75.7%); mean age, (68.6±8.6) years], and 20 patients (28 eyes) had chronic PACG [8 males (40.0%), 12 females (60.0%); mean age, (65.1±8.8) years]. There were no statistically significant differences in gender or age between the two groups (both P>0.05). At the last follow-up, 46.4% (32/69) of eyes maintained a full-circle anterior chamber angle opening or had only several spot adhesions, 82.6% (57/69) had PAS limited to one quadrant, and 89.9% (62/69) had PAS involving fewer than 6 clock hours. The recurrence rate of PAS was 31.9% (22/69) in all eyes, while it was 26.8% (11/41) in eyes with acute PACG, and 39.3% (11/28) in eyes with chronic PACG, with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.92, P=0.165). However, the extent of recurrent PAS was greater in chronic PACG patients [4.50 (2.50, 8.50) clock hours] than in acute PACG patients [3.00 (1.50, 4.50) clock hours], and this difference was statistically significant (Wald χ²=5.39, P=0.020). Conclusions: Approximately 30% of eyes with PACG develop recurrent PAS after PEI-GSL, but 90% maintain an angle opening over 180°.

PMID:41820064 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250425-00198

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 11;62(3):187-192. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250619-00279.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the correlation between macular edema and the anterior chamber angle status in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: A retrospective case series analysis was adopted. Consecutive RVO patients treated at the Ophthalmology Department of Peking University Third Hospital from October 2011 to May 2013 were included. All patients underwent fluorescein fundus angiography for RVO classification. They were divided into the macular edema and non-macular edema groups based on the angiography results. Static and dynamic gonioscopy were performed to determine the anterior chamber angle status. The statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, Welch’s t-test, chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the occurrence of macular edema by calculating odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 308 RVO patients (308 eyes) who completed all required examinations were included in the study, consisting of 155 males and 153 females, with a mean age of (58.78±14.45) years. Among them, 59 cases (19.16%) had angle closure, while 249 cases (80.84%) had open angles; 221 patients had macular edema (71.75%). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the main risk factor for the development of macular edema in eyes with RVO was angle closure (odds ratio=2.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.23-6.05, P=0.018), while other factors such as age, gender, eye laterality, intraocular pressure, type of RVO, and cup-to-disc ratio showed no statistically significant association (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The risk of macular edema is significantly higher in RVO patients with angle closure compared to those with open angles.

PMID:41820063 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20250619-00279

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 17;106(10):934-940. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20251226-03425-1.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine (LLR) against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children using a propensity score-matched (PSM) test-negative case-control design. Methods: Based on electronic health records from medical institutions and the National Immunization Program Information System, demographic information, disease diagnoses, rotavirus pathogen test results, and rotavirus vaccination details (vaccine type, number of doses, dates) were collected for acute gastroenteritis cases aged 2 months to 4 years in Chaoyang District (Beijing), Guangdong Province, and Wuhan City (Hubei Province) from 2020 to 2024. Patients were divided into a case group (rotavirus-positive) and a control group (rotavirus-negative) based on etiological test results, and vaccination proportions were calculated for each group. To reduce effects of confounding factors, a PSM test-negative case-control design was employed. The VE of LLR against different clinical outcomes was calculated using a conditional logistic regression model, and the VE of LLR against healthcare visits for rotavirus infection across different age groups was calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 16 460 children with acute gastroenteritis aged 2 months to 4 years were collected, with an age [M (Q₁, Q₃)] of 1.4 (0.7, 2.7) years, and 9 713 (59.01%) were male. The number of children who received 1, 2, and 3 doses of LLR was 2 391 (14.53%), 894 (5.43%), and 180 (1.09%) cases, respectively. There were 1 799 cases (10.93%) in the case group. Among them, the majority were from Hubei Province (953 cases, 52.97%), with a visiting age of 2-4 years (947 cases, 52.64%), males (1 082 cases, 60.14%), in the outpatient department (1 430 cases, 79.49%), with a visiting month of April (574 cases, 18.73%), and with 0 doses of vaccination (1 523 cases, 84.66%). There were statistically significant differences in province, age, case type, month of visit and dose of vaccination between the case and the control groups (P<0.001). After PSM matching, the VE (95%CI) of 1-dose and 2-dose LLR against the RVGE visits were 55.66% (45.83%-63.71%) and 59.37% (45.48%-69.72%), respectively, and for RVGE hospitalizations were 63.87% (38.96%-78.62%) and 82.95% (58.37%-93.01%), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models analysis showed that among the RVGE visits, the VE of children aged 2 months to 1 year and 1 to 2 years after one dose of LLR was greater than that of children aged 2-4 years [54.96% (16.42%-78.62%) vs 59.29% (45.69%-69.98%) vs 49.53% (37.22%-59.75%), all P<0.001]. Conclusions: LLR has a good protective effect on children aged 2 months to 4 years. Two doses provide better protection against rotavirus infection, especially for hospitalized patients with RVGE and children under 2 years old.

PMID:41820057 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20251226-03425-1

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 17;106(10):912-918. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20251208-03229.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution on postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Methods: The medical records of patients undergoing elective OPCABG at Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, between September 2021 and October 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥65 years, body mass index (BMI) of 18 to 30 kg/m², and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Patients were allocated to either the sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution group or the compound electrolyte solution group (control group) based on the type of intraoperative crystalloid administered. Potential confounders were adjusted using propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable logistic regression models. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI within 7 days postoperatively. Results: A total of 868 patients aged (69±5) years were included in the final analysis, with 591 males and 277 females. Postoperative AKI occurred in 105 patients (12.1%). After PSM, there were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics and intraoperative variables between the two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that, intraoperative use of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution was a protective factor against postoperative AKI following OPCABG (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.28-0.97, P=0.040). Conclusion: Compared with compound electrolyte solution, use of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution during surgery is associated with a lower risk of AKI after OPCABG.

PMID:41820054 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20251208-03229

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 12;49(3):324-328. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20250711-00401.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CT-guided interventional treatment for subglottic tracheal atresia performed with a rigid bronchoscope. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical characteristics, diagnostic and treatment processes, and clinical outcomes of eight patients with subglottic tracheal atresia who were admitted to the Emergency General Hospital from January 2021 to May 2025. Therapeutic efficacy before and after tracheal recanalization was compared. Procedure-related complications at 1 week and 1 month after stent placement were analyzed, and the timing of stent removal was recorded. Results: Among the eight patients, silicone stents were successfully placed in two cases, Montgomery T-tubes in five cases, and a metal tracheal cannula was maintained in one patient after tracheal recanalization. After the operation, all eight patients could breathe through the nose and resume normal pronunciation. The degree of lumen stenosis after the operation was from 30% to 80%, with a mean of (51.3±16.4)%, indicating successful recanalization of the atretic trachea (z=-2.536, P<0.05). There were no complications such as tracheal perforation, subcutaneous emphysema, or massive hemorrhage during and after the tracheal recanalization. There were no statistically significant differences in the relevant complications 1 week and 1 month after the placement of the Montgomery T-tube, silicone stent, and metal tracheostomy cannula (P>0.05). The patients were followed up for 2-30 (11.6±9.0) months, and the T-tubes were successfully removed in two cases. Conclusion: CT-guided interventional treatment of subglottic tracheal atresia using a rigid bronchoscope is a minimally invasive, effective, and safe therapeutic approach.

PMID:41820039 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20250711-00401

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2026 Mar 12;49(3):317-323. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20250610-00314.

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a modified balloon pulmonary angioplasty(BPA) procedure in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who underwent Modified BPA at the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine in Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2021 and May 2024. The study comprised 21 patients, including 5 males and 16 females, who successfully underwent the scheduled six BPA surgical sessions, totaling 126 individual cases. Results: All surgeries were guided by pressure guidewires. Three patients exhibited mild hemoptysis during the procedure, while two experienced mild pulmonary edema in the postoperative phase. There were no fatalities. Compared to the baseline, significant improvements were observed in indicators such as mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and cardiac index following the surgical treatment course for all patients. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) as measured by right heart catheterization. Three months post-treatment, there was a marked improvement in cardiac function classification (WHO FC), 6-minute walking distance, and NT-proBNP levels compared to the baseline, with these differences also being statistically significant (P<0.001). Additionally, significant enhancements were noted in the right atrial area, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), all of which exhibited statistically significant differences (P<0.001). Conclusions: The modified BPA procedure significantly improves the structure of the right heart, cardiac function, and hemodynamics in patients suffering from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This intervention is not only safe but also highly effective, positioning it as an exceptional therapeutic option for patients with CTEPH.

PMID:41820038 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20250610-00314

Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2026 Mar;9(3):e70507. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.70507.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The malignant glioma, as the most common and aggressive primary brain and spinal cord neoplasm, has shown limited responsiveness to available treatments, including tumor dissection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Thus, interferon type I, as a supplemental therapy, is added to the main therapies to overcome neoplasm resistance and prolong the patients’ lifespan.

METHODS: To clarify the effects of interferon adjuvant therapy on the lifespan and complications of glioma patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching valid databases, scanning, and screening full texts based on a predefined protocol for the study.

RESULTS: Seven studies were eligible for data synthesis and analysis. Lifespan, tumor progression, adverse events, and genetic factors were studied and analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The median overall survival (OS) and median progression-free survival (PFS) were increased as a result of the supplemental therapy. However, only the median OS was significantly improved (OS: HR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.58, 0.96]; p = 0.02/PFS: HR = 0.93, 95% CI [0.74, 1.18]; p = 0.56). Additionally, interferon adjuvant therapy could affect the toxic events of alkylating drugs; Flu-like and neurological events were significantly exacerbated (odds ratio = 3.31, 95% CI [1.20, 9.08]; p = 0.02, odds ratio = 6.15, 95% CI [2.20, 17.22]; p = 0.0005), while dermatological events were effectively alleviated as a result of interferon therapy (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% CI [0.10, 0.84]; p = 0.02). Variation of the hematological and hepatic events was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI [0.52, 2.17]; p = 0.87, odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI [0.67, 1.66]; p = 0.81).

CONCLUSION: Despite the development of a few adverse events, interferon type I supplemental therapy in combination with radiation and chemotherapy could significantly extend the lifespan of glioma patients.

PMID:41820027 | DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70507

Ren Fail. 2026 Dec;48(1):2641970. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2026.2641970. Epub 2026 Mar 12.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular disease, particularly sudden cardiac death, remains a major challenge in dialysis patients whose hearts experience ongoing structural, electrophysiological, and neurohormonal stress. Among these alterations, QT interval prolongation-reflecting an imbalance in autonomic regulation-is closely associated with arrhythmic risk. Yet, its long-term trajectory in hemodialysis patients has not been systematically examined. In this study, we evaluated heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) intervals at 1, 4, 7, and 10 years after hemodialysis (HD) initiation in 80 patients. ECGs were obtained immediately before HD sessions, and QTc was calculated using the Bazett formula. Although an overall increasing trend was observed, a statistically significant prolongation was detected only at 10 years by Dunnett-type multiple comparison. These findings provide new insight into the gradual nature of QTc progression in HD patients and may contribute to improved cardiovascular risk stratification in clinical practice.

PMID:41820013 | DOI:10.1080/0886022X.2026.2641970