Tag: pubmed

J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec 25;373:123850. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123850. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

India’s progress vis-à-vis the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) has stagnated since 2020. The consequences of the non-attainment of the SDGs can be severe. Therefore, questions arise as to what steps must be taken to accelerate progress in India’s SDG attainment. Increased household-level adaptive capacity may accelerate progress in SDG attainment. However, the scholarly literature is characterized by an inadequate understanding of the relationship between adaptive capacity and SDG attainment. Therefore, this study analyzes how household adaptive capacity affects the local attainment of SDGs in India by analyzing household data using advanced statistical techniques. The independent variable, household adaptive capacity, was measured using a locally contextualized composite index. A regression analysis of 38 models on the local attainment of 10 targets of 7 different SDGs (1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 12, and 16) suggests that higher household-level adaptive capacity may be associated with an increased potential for local SDG attainment in India. Caste identity was also statistically significant in several of the models, which suggests that caste dynamics may play an important role in local SDG attainment. This research is significant because a) India is ranked 109 among 167 countries regarding SDG attainment. Progress in most SDGs remains a matter of concern, and b) the SDGs do not specifically target caste-based discrimination.

PMID:39724676 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123850

Liver Transpl. 2024 Oct 14. doi: 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000508. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). We used the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database to compare the incidence of developing PTDM across the United States and develop a risk prediction model for new-onset PTDM using OPTN region as well as donor-related, recipient-related, and transplant-related factors. All US adult, primary, deceased donor, LTRs between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, with no prior history of diabetes noted, were identified. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of PTDM, stratified by OPTN region. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazards of PTDM in each OPTN region and build a risk prediction model, through backward selection. Cumulative incidence of PTDM at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after transplant was 12.0%, 16.1%, and 18.9%, respectively. Region 3, followed by regions 8, 2, and 9, had the highest adjusted hazards of developing PTDM. Inclusion of OPTN region in a risk prediction model for PTDM in LTRs (including recipient age, sex, race, education, insurance coverage, body mass index, primary liver disease, cold ischemia time, and donor history of diabetes) modestly improved performance (C-statistic = 0.60). In patients without pre-existing, confirmed diabetes mellitus, the incidence of PTDM in LTRs varied across OPTN regions, with the highest hazards in region 3, followed by regions 8, 2, and 9. The performance of a novel risk prediction model for PTDM in LTRs has improved performance with the inclusion of the OPTN region. Vigilance is recommended to centers in high-risk regions to identify PTDM and mitigate its development.

PMID:39724669 | DOI:10.1097/LVT.0000000000000508

J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2024 Oct 4. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000881. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Skin care of sick newborns is important because skin acts as a barrier to prevent neonates from infections which may lead to neonatal morbidity and mortality. The highly technological environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) makes them vulnerable to loss of skin integrity. In acute care setting maintenance of skin integrity is considered as an established quality indicator representing nursing care.

AIM OF STUDY: The study aimed to determine the effect of skin care guidelines on nurses’ knowledge related to skincare and the incidence of skin injuries among neonates.

METHODOLOGY: Pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted in the NICU of a private tertiary care hospital. A consecutive sampling technique was used. The intervention comprised educational sessions and demonstrations of skin care practices from AWHONN skin care guidelines. The data on the nurses’ knowledge were collected through self-developed and self-administered questionnaires. Skin injuries were recorded on a checklist through observation for 1 month before and after the intervention. A paired sample t-test was used for comparing knowledge and continuous demographical variables. While the incidence density ratio was calculated for skin injuries.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the nurses’ knowledge of skin care from pre (mean 15.06 ± 5.16) to post (mean19.40 ± 5.17) measurement P-value .001. Incidence density rate of skin injuries reduced from 19% to 3% after the implementation of skin care guidelines.

CONCLUSION: Through the implementation guidelines nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding skin care improved while skin injuries among neonates were reduced.

PMID:39724665 | DOI:10.1097/JPN.0000000000000881

J Craniofac Surg. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010735. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate psychiatric sequelae in open globe injury patients and to identify the risk factors associated with these sequelae.

METHODS: After a complete ophthalmologic examination, Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Zung Depression Scale (ZDS) scores were administered to all patients. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA): group 1 (no perception of light, NPL), group 2 [perception of light (PL) or hand movements (HM)], group 3 (1/200 to 19/200), group 4 (20/200 to 20/50), and group 5 (20/40 or above).

RESULTS: A total of 113 patients with open globe injuries were included. The mean ZDS scores were 78.5±35.9 in group 1, 66.2±24.5 in group 2, and 27.6±2.1 in group 5. In group 1, 8 patients (66.7%) had moderate depression. In group 2, 20 patients (60.6%) had mild depression. All patients in group 4 and group 5 had ZDS scores in the normal range. There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of ZDS scores. In univariate analysis, depression (ZDS) and trauma (DTS) scores were associated with younger age (P=0.016 and P=0.003, respectively) and lower final visual acuity level (P<0.001, for both). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex, a lower final visual acuity level (P<0.001, for both) was also associated.

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, high anxiety and depression scores can be seen in open globe injury patients. Patients with young age and lower final visual acuity should be carefully screened, and the presence of a psychiatric pathology should be investigated. Amelioration of psychiatric pathologies may improve patient compliance with treatment and clinical success.

PMID:39724643 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000010735

J Craniofac Surg. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010753. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine speech outcome differences for specific palate repair techniques and correlate these data with patient age at the time of operation.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of consecutive nonsyndromic patients who underwent cleft lip and/or palate repair at the authors’ hospital between 2010 and 2020. Only those patients who participated in at least 4 years of follow-up accompanied by audio-video recording were included. The patient cohort was divided into 2 age groups, between 1 year and 2 years of age versus older than 2 years of age. Standardized perceptual speech evaluations and nasopharyngoscopy were performed by the authors’ team to detect the presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency.

RESULTS: A total of 481 patients were initially evaluated, and 323 of these patients met all inclusion criteria and were subsequently selected for this study. One hundred seventy-two patients (n = 172) underwent palatal surgery using the Bardach 2-flap palatoplasty technique, 47 patients (n = 47) underwent repair through the von Langenbeck palatoplasty technique, 78 patients (n = 78) underwent repair through Veau-Wardill-Killner palatoplasty technique, and 26 patients (n = 26) underwent repair through double-opposing Z-plasty palatoplasty. The rate of residual velopharyngeal insufficiency was statistically similar among all palatoplasty techniques. A comparison between these two age groups revealed that patients younger than 2 years of age showed higher speech outcome success.

CONCLUSION: High rates of speech success are achieved for patients younger than 2 years of age. Speech outcomes success is maximized by proper technique selection in relation to cleft type.

PMID:39724642 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000010753

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):375-400. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-375-400.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to study the features of cognitive disorders in the remote period following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) in the elderly participants of the liquidation of the consequences of the Chornobyl NPP accident (Chornobyl clean-up workers) with chronic cerebrovascular disorders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective and prospective cohort study with the external and internal controlgroups. The randomized sample of the male elderly participants (attained age more than 60 years old) in liquidationof the consequences of the accident (Chornobyl clean-up workers, liquidators) at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant(ChNPP) in 1986-1987 (main group, n = 52) recruited from the Clinico-epidemiological registry (CER) of StateInstitution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of The National Academyof Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRMHO) with verified chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) was examined.The comparison group (n = 13) consisted of the unexposed in- and out-patients of the Radiation PsychoneurologyDepartment of Institute for Clinical Radiology (ICR) of NRCRMHO with the corresponding age and sex (the comparison group). The internal control group included the liquidators irradiated at doses < 50.0 mSv (n = 12). The psychometric methods (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) with premorbid IQ (pre-IQ) assessment and furtherexpert estimation of neurocognitive status) applied. The methods of descriptive and variation statistics, parametric and non-parametric criteria, regression-correlation analysis were used.

RESULTS: In the main group of the Chornobyl clean-up workers, when compared with the non-exposed control group,significantly lower actual (obtained during direct testing) full (fIQ) and verbal (vIQ) intelligence coefficients werefound (p < 0.01) with a tendency to the current performance intelligence coefficient (pIQ) decrease in the subjectsof the main group (p = 0.08). In the main group of clean-up workers, significantly higher levels of full IQ deficit werefound compared to premorbid levels (p < 0.01), mainly due to a significantly higher level of verbal IQ deficit (p <0.001). A dose-dependent decrease in indicators of both verbal and performance (non-verbal) psychometric tests ofthe WAIS scale was observed in the elderly Chornobyl clean-up workers. With higher radiation doses (> 50 mSv), theseverity of cognitive deficit increases. In the clean-up workers irradiated at doses > 50 mSv when compared to thenon-exposed comparison group, significantly lower values of actual full and verbal IQs were found (p < 0.05) withsignificantly higher values of intellectual disharmony (p < 0.05). When exposed to doses of more than 0.3 Sv, in theChornobyl clean-up workers above 60 years old, a characteristic dose-dependent psychometric pattern was firstrevealed, which consists of a significant decrease in actual performance IQ (r = -0.46; p = 0.039) with a simultaneous increase in performance IQ deficit in comparison with the premorbid levels (r = 0.55; p = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONS: Timely detection and monitoring of neurocognitive disorders in the elderly, specifically in victims ofthe Chornobyl disaster, is of extremely great medical and social significance and can prevent the disability andsocial maladaptation in this cohort. Modern cheap and non-invasive psychophysiological and neuropsychiatricmethods of diagnosing neurocognitive dysfunctions can be successfully used both in scientific research and ineveryday clinical practice of neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, and clinical neurophysiologists. Postradiation neurocognitive deficit has its specific features consisting of diffuse organic damage to both left (dominant) and right (subdominant) brain hemispheres, which can testify to the synergistic effect of age-related changesand ionizing radiation on cognitive functioning.

PMID:39724628 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-375-400

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):311-326. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-311-326.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comparative analysis of cardiovascular system state in emergency workers (EW) of theaccident at the Chornobyl NPP and servicemen (SM) of Ukraine Armed Forces (UAF) who took part in the fightagainst russian military aggression, and to assess the role of military service factors on the development of cardiac pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 81 male EW and 161 SM of UAF, who were examined and treated in thecardiology department of NRCRMHO from 2022 to 2024. The average age of the surveyed EW was (56.0 ∓ 2.5) years,and SM – (45.9 ∓ 8.8) years. According to modern standards, clinical examination, electrocardiography, Dopplerechocardiography (EchoCG) examination, and statistical analysis were performed.

RESULTS: It was found that among the examined people of both groups, who are now aged 50 to 60 years, EW at thetime hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) onset were younger than SM on average of7.5 and 5.4 years, respectively. Among EW there were more patients with HHD of stage III, angina pectoris of functional class (FC) III and heart failure (HF) of stage II according to NYHA, while among the FC there was a higher proportion of patients with HHD of stage II, FC II and HF I. In addition, 42 % EW had a history of myocardial infarctioncompared to 14.8 % of SM (р < 0.001), and EW had a higher proportion of patients with AV blocks (41.3% vs. 16.7%,р < 0.001). Echocardiographic parameters showed that EW compared to SM had a higher incidence of left ventricular dilatation, posterior wall and interventricular septum thickening, and, as a result, myocardial hypertrophy, particularly eccentric hypertrophy. It was found that the risk HHD developing during the war was 3.32 times higher inmobilized SM compared to the regular UAF, 2.41 times higher in SM who participated in combat, and 5.27 times higher in SM with shrapnel or bullet wounds. The risk of developing CHD was associated only with UAF staff: in mobilizedSM it was 3.84 times higher than in regular officers.

CONCLUSIONS: The EW group differed from SM in a more severe course of HHD, CHD and HF, they had more severechanges in the structure of left ventricular myocardium. Most likely, this is explained by the fact that the incidenceof HHD and CHD occurs at a younger age, and therefore by the longer duration of these diseases, which led to moresevere pathological myocardial remodeling.

PMID:39724625 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-311-326

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):213-227. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-213-227.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the reciprocal impact on the genome of malignant and normal human peripheral bloodlymphocytes under their co-culture and the possibility to modify the effects by astaxanthin.

METHODS: Separate and joint/separate culturing of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of the chronic lymphocyticleukemia (CLL) patients (n = 6) and conditionally healthy individuals (n = 6), Comet assay method, fluorescencemicroscopy with automated software for the analysis of results, statistical methods.

RESULTS: Both direct and rescue tumour-induced bystander effects were observed under the joint/separate culturing of blood lymphocytes of conditionally healthy individuals (the bystander cells) and blood cells from CLL patients(the inducer cells). The direct effect was characterized by the high level of comets corresponding to the S-phasecells and increased apoptotic activity in the bystander cell cultures. The rescue effect in the culture of inducer cellswas expressed by the increased frequency of cells retained in S-phase, decreased proportion of cells with a high levelof DNA damage and decreased amount of cells in apoptotic stage. Level of both S-phase cells and apoptotic cells inthe cultures of bystander cells significantly decreased under the impact of astaxanthin (p < 0.05). Effect of astaxanthin on the inducer cells was the opposite, namely an increased frequency of S-phase cells and increased apoptotic activity in cultures (p < 0.05) was observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Possible modification of manifestations of both direct and rescue tumor-induced bystander effects bythe astaxanthin was established.

PMID:39724619 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-213-227

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):199-212. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-199-212.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to investigate changes in DNA methylation in bystander and inducer cells during the manifestation ofdirect and rescue bystander effects.

METHODS: Separate and co-cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 10 conditionally healthy individuals; γ-quantum irradiation (IBL-237C emitter); modified comet electrophoresis method (Comet assay) under neutralconditions using the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII; fluorescence microscopy with an automatedcomputer software system for analyzing the results; statistical methods.

RESULTS: The level of DNA methylation in PBL was quantitatively assessed using DNA migration parameters inagarose gel: the length of the comet tail (in μm), the percentage of DNA in the tail part of the comet, and TailMoment (TM), which simultaneously takes into account both the amount of DNA in the tail part of the comet andthe length of the tail. In separate cultivation of PBL irradiated with γ-quanta (dose 1.0 Gy, power 2.34 Gy/min),a reliable decrease in the average values compared to the non-irradiated control was noted for the length of the«comet» tail ((57.03 ∓ 1.17) μm versus (66.64 ∓ 2.03) μm; p < 0.001) and Tail Moment (67.77 ∓ 1.22 versus85.06 ∓ 2.30; p < 0.001), which may indicate a decrease in the number of restriction sites of the methyl-sensitiverestriction enzyme HpaII and, as a consequence, an increase in the level of global DNA methylation. When thebystander effect is realized, the level of DNA damage in bystander cells increases, while there is a significantdecrease in the average values of the following parameters: the percentage of DNA in the tail part of the «comets»(p<0.001), the length of the tail part (p<0.001) and TailMoment (p<0.001) compared to both the non-irradiatedcontrol and irradiated PBLs in separate cultivation, and indicates an increase in the level of global DNA methylation.As in irradiated lymphocyte cultures cultured separately, in inducer cells a reliable decrease in the mean values oftail length (p < 0.01) and TailMoment (p < 0.001) was observed compared to the control, which may indicate adecrease in the number of restriction sites and an increase in the level of global DNA methylation as a result of irradiation. Between inducer cells and irradiated cells that were cultured separately, no difference was found in themean values of all the studied parameters: the percentage of DNA in the tail part of comets (p > 0.05), tail length(p > 0.05) and TailMoment (p 0.05), which may indicate the absence of changes in the level of DNA methylationwhen a non-irradiated culture is exposed to an irradiated one during co-cultivation.

CONCLUSION: The development of the direct bystander effect is accompanied by epigenetic changes, which are characterized by an increase in the level of DNA methylation in bystander cells. At the same time, in inducer cells,changes in the level of DNA methylation were not determined, which indicates the absence of manifestations of thereverse bystander effect at the epigenetic level.

PMID:39724618 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-199-212

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2024 Dec;(29):92-114. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-92-114.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dynamics of changes in the number of deaths due to injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes and their structure among liquidators of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP (PACL) on the basis of the data of Ukraine’s State Register of Persons Affected by the Chornobyl Disaster (SRU) for 2000-2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study used information resources of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for 2000-2020 regarding deaths among the PACL – databases of the SRU as a basis for monitoring their health status. Depersonalised information was selected for 2000-2020 regarding 5,124 deaths from injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (ICD codes S00-T98) among the PACL, who were monitored in healthcare facilitiesof the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. General scientific, demographic, mathematical and statistical, graphical, software and technological study methods and documentary analysis were used.

RESULTS: 5,124 deaths as a result of injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes in the PACL which were recorded with the SRU for 2000-2020 were retrospectively studied. Significant variations in changes in figures were found both between territories and by years of observation. It is shown that the age of the PACL at the time of death ranged from 32 to 92 years. The greatest losses during the period of observation were at the age of 49 and 51 years. In the dynamics of observation, the mean age of death due to external causes is gradually increasing from 45.2 (2000) to 64.3 years (2020), which is associated with the aging of the cohort. But the mean age of death for the study cohort for 2000-2020 was 54 years, which is the evidence of a significant number of premature deaths. The analysis of the structure of deaths in the PACL from injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes in 2000-2020 showed the prevalence of deaths from asphyxiation (an ICD code Т71) – 952 cases or 18.6 %, the toxic effect of alcohol (an ICD code T-51), 941 and 18.5 %, respectively, injuries to the head (ICD codes S00-S09) 917 and 17.9 %, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The study proved that a trend towards the decrease in the number of deaths from injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, which is common for the population of Ukraine, is also observed among the PACL. However, issues with respect to prevention of deaths among the PACL from injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes still remain topical, it especially concerns deaths due to asphyxiation and the toxic effect of alcohol.

PMID:39724613 | DOI:10.33145/2304-8336-2024-29-92-114