Tag: pubmed

Evid Based Dent. 2026 Mar 31. doi: 10.1038/s41432-026-01219-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A COMMENTARY ON: Li T, Guo H, Liu C, Jiang H, Gao S, Du M. Effectiveness of Bioactive Glass-Based Toothpaste for Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int Dent J 2026;76:103985.

DESIGN: Double-blind, multicentre, parallel group cluster-randomised controlled trial (class-level randomisation).

CASE SELECTION: Children aged 3-4 years at risk of early childhood caries (ECC) were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups: a fluoride‑free bioactive glass (BAG) toothpaste group and a fluoride toothpaste (800 ppm) group. Both groups were followed over 27 months to monitor the incidence of new carious lesions.

DATA ANALYSIS: Caries outcomes were evaluated using established clinical caries assessment criteria suitable for early childhood populations, with comparisons made between groups to determine differences in caries incidence and overall preventive effect. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate group differences in caries development.

RESULTS: The trial found that the fluoride-free BAG toothpaste was effective in preventing ECC and performed comparably to the fluoride toothpaste. Both formulations provided measurable caries preventive benefits, indicating that BAG has potential as a clinically relevant alternative to fluoride for young children.

CONCLUSIONS: BAG toothpaste shows promise as a fluoride-free preventive agent for ECC. Its comparable effectiveness to fluoride toothpaste suggests it may be a useful option for children in situations where fluoride use is restricted, contraindicated, or declined by caregivers.

PMID:41917475 | DOI:10.1038/s41432-026-01219-x

Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 1. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46918-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of tolerance on social appearance anxiety and to test the roles of emotion regulation and self-compassion as mediating psychological mechanisms in this relationship. The sample of the study consists of 647 adolescent individuals living in Turkey. The Personal Information Form, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Tolerance Scale, Self-Compassion Scale – Short Form, and Social Appearance Anxiety Scale were used in the study. Data were collected online using convenience sampling methods. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between the variables in the study, while regression-based mediation analysis (Process macro model 81) was used to test the mediation model examined in the study. Upon examining the findings, tolerance was positively correlated with self-compassion (r = .323, p < .001) and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = .200, p < .001); while tolerance was negatively and statistically significantly related to maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = -.250, p < .001) and social appearance anxiety (r = -.229, p < .001). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between self-compassion and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = .358, p < .001); and negative and statistically significant relationships between self-compassion and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = -.576, p < .001) and social appearance anxiety (r = -.530, p < .001). Finally, a statistically significant negative relationship was found between social appearance anxiety and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = -.219, p < .001); and a statistically significant positive relationship was found between social appearance anxiety and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (r = .484, p < .001). The mediation analysis, tested with 10,000 bootstrap samples at a 95% confidence interval, revealed that emotion regulation dimensions and self-compassion have a full mediating effect. The findings indicate that the tolerance factor reduces social appearance anxiety not only directly but also indirectly through emotion regulation and self-compassion. In line with these findings, it was concluded that individuals with high tolerance levels need to be supported not only through mindfulness programs but also through emotion regulation and self-compassion levels.

PMID:41917458 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46918-8

NPJ Digit Med. 2026 Mar 31. doi: 10.1038/s41746-026-02577-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of chronic pain and disability in older adults, yet scalable home-based interventions remain limited, partly due to the lack of clinically effective digital solutions. This study is the first fully powered randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial to test a digitally delivered, home-based protocol combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness-based meditation (MBM) for knee OA pain. A total of 208 participants were randomized to active tDCS + MBM, active tDCS + sham MBM, sham tDCS + active MBM, or double sham; they completed ten 20-min sessions over 2 weeks. Knee pain intensity was measured at baseline, post treatment, and monthly for 3 months. Although both active tDCS groups improved, the difference between the combined tDCS + MBM intervention and tDCS alone was not statistically significant. Benefits were not sustained at 3 months. These findings offer the first evidence that a remotely supervised, digitally delivered tDCS + MBM intervention can rapidly reduce knee OA pain, supporting future personalized and extended treatment studies. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04375072 (registered May 7, 2020).

PMID:41917434 | DOI:10.1038/s41746-026-02577-7

Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 1. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46945-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In situ and satellite-based oceanographic data are essential to understanding marine dynamics. In this study, we explore the ability of seawater temperature profiles along the water column, reconstructed from data collected by satellite-tagged loggerhead sea turtles, to capture ocean thermal structures. Temperature and depth data collected by seven loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) equipped with satellite tags in the Adriatic and northern Ionian Seas were compared with Copernicus Marine model products. Discrepancies between observed and CMEMS MedFS data primarily occur at intermediate (15 to 50 m) and greater depths (50 to 100 m), especially during summer and winter seasons, when stratification and limited deep-water observations reduce accuracy. These differences were most pronounced in dynamically complex areas such as the Western Adriatic Coastal Current (WACC) region and in the northern and middle Adriatic Seas, where fine-scale coastal processes and intense winter cooling challenge the resolution of both the CMEMS MedFS data and the animal-borne sensors. Although limited in sample size, the dataset offers a valuable opportunity to evaluate the additional observational insights provided by animal-borne sensors in challenging oceanographic environments, emphasizing the complementary role of turtle-borne observations within existing monitoring networks.

PMID:41917382 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46945-5

Esophagus. 2026 Apr 1. doi: 10.1007/s10388-026-01199-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In the global phase 3 RATIONALE-306 study (NCT03783442), first-line tislelizumab plus chemotherapy showed significant overall survival (OS) benefit versus chemotherapy alone for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We report post hoc results for the Japanese subgroup.

METHODS: Eligible Japanese patients were randomized (1:1) to tislelizumab 200 mg or placebo every 3 weeks plus chemotherapy (cisplatin plus fluoropyrimidine) and included in the Japanese analysis set. Endpoints included OS, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), OS in patients with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tumor Area Positivity (TAP) score ≥ 10%, and safety.

RESULTS: Overall, 66/649 (10.2%) patients were randomized in Japan (n = 33 per arm). After a minimum follow-up of 37.9 months (data cutoff November 24, 2023), tislelizumab plus chemotherapy showed improvements in median OS versus placebo plus chemotherapy (24.5 vs. 15.1 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75; 95% CI 0.43-1.30). An improvement in OS was also seen in patients with PD-L1 TAP score ≥ 10% (HR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.26-2.36). There was improvement in median PFS (HR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.45-1.32) and a higher ORR (63.6% vs. 45.5%) in the tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy arm, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) with tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy occurred in, respectively, 45.5% versus 36.4% (any-grade) and 27.3% versus 6.1% (grade ≥ 3) of patients. No TRAE-related deaths occurred.

CONCLUSIONS: After 3 years, first-line tislelizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated sustained efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in Japanese patients with unresectable locally advanced/metastatic ESCC, consistent with the global RATIONALE-306 population.

PMID:41917381 | DOI:10.1007/s10388-026-01199-y

Eur J Pediatr. 2026 Apr 1;185(4):232. doi: 10.1007/s00431-026-06873-y.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have suggested an association between certain allergic diseases and school bullying among children. However, there is still a lack of population-based evidence concerning any allergic disease, especially among East Asian populations. This observational study aimed to examine the association between childhood allergic diseases and school bullying. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 3114 students from primary and secondary schools in Longhua district, Shenzhen, China. Data on physician-diagnosed allergic disease and school bullying among children were collected via self-administered structured questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We further evaluated whether sex, body mass index (BMI), and household economic status modified the association between allergic disease and school bullying. A total of 989 cases of childhood allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (13.8%), food allergies (7.8%), allergic rhinitis (18.5%), and asthma (1.2%), were identified. Logistic regression analysis revealed that children with allergies were more likely to experience bullying at school, both those with any allergic disease and those specifically diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, food allergies, or asthma. The associations between allergic diseases and school bullying among children and adolescents were independent of sex, BMI classification, and household economic status.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a link between allergic diseases and exposure to school bullying among children and adolescents. These findings emphasise the importance of increasing awareness of the risk of school bullying among young people with allergic diseases.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Childhood allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and asthma, are associated with an increased risk of school bullying. • Population-based evidence from East Asian populations is lacking regarding the association between these allergic diseases and bullying.

WHAT IS NEW: • This large cross-sectional study of 3114 schoolchildren in Shenzhen, China, confirms that children with allergic diseases-particularly atopic dermatitis, food allergy, or asthma-are at increased risk of experiencing school bullying. • The results of this study further demonstrated that in this East Asian population, the link between childhood allergic diseases and school bullying remained consistent regardless of sex, BMI classification, or household economic status.

PMID:41917342 | DOI:10.1007/s00431-026-06873-y

Int J Clin Oncol. 2026 Mar 31. doi: 10.1007/s10147-026-03023-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Excessive accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), or obesity, has an association with cholangiocarcinoma prognosis. We hypothesized that qualitative assessment of VAT would have prognostic significance as well as quantitative assessment. The aim of this study was to measure ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) uptake in visceral fat by ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT) and to investigate the prognostic significance of the qualitative assessment of VAT.

METHODS: We retrospectively studied 103 patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection from April 2017 to April 2023. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT was performed before surgery, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of VAT and blood pool were measured. The VAT-to-blood pool SUV ratio (VBR) was calculated as the ratio of VAT-SUV to blood pool SUV.

RESULTS: The optimal VBR cutoff value to predict overall survival (OS) was 0.360. Compared with the low VBR group, the high VBR group was significantly associated with lower body mass index, skeletal muscle index, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and liver SUV. In the multivariate analysis, patients with a high VBR had poorer OS compared with those with a low VBR. Moreover, the VBR was significantly higher in patients with vs without malnutrition by the GLIM criteria. The VBR showed the lowest Akaike information criteria statistic value among the assessed parameters, indicating that it had the best ability to predict OS.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the VBR, determined by ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT, is associated with the malnutrition and poor OS after resection of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

PMID:41917337 | DOI:10.1007/s10147-026-03023-0

Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 31. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46709-1. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41917306 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46709-1

Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 31. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46559-x. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41917258 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46559-x

Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 31. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46811-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Real-time cybersecurity systems continue to have a significant problem in detecting breaches in dynamic and highly unbalanced network streams. An online evolving spiking neural network (OeSNN-UAD) and an integrated extreme learning machine (ELM) as an analytical readout optimizer are combined with spiking convolutional layers for spatiotemporal feature extraction in this paper’s unified hybrid SCNN-OeSNN-ELM framework. In order to provide discriminative temporal representations, Gaussian Receptive Fields (GRFs) encode streaming inputs into spike trains, which are then processed by spiking convolutional layers. These characteristics are then supplied into a developing OeSNN reservoir whose output connections are analytically optimized by the ELM, allowing for low-memory operation, online adaptation, and quick, non-iterative learning without the need for labeled input. The suggested framework routinely outperforms current spiking-based baselines (Vacuum Spiker and Hybrid SNN-IOMT), as shown by experiments on the Numenta Anomaly Benchmark (NAB) under a streaming protocol and robustness validation on CIC-IDS2017. The model’s relative detection increases are usually between 3 and 10% on NAB and 3 and 6% on CIC-IDS2017, and it delivers moderate but statistically significant improvements across precision, recall, F1-score, balanced accuracy, and MCC. The framework also shows enhanced latency and energy efficiency due to its event-driven spiking computing and analytical ELM optimization.

PMID:41917255 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46811-4