Tag: pubmed

Clin Oral Implants Res. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/clr.70123. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of narrow (< 2 mm) and wide (≥ 2 mm) keratinized mucosa (KM) over 10 years on peri-implant diagnosis and brushing discomfort.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were initially evaluated. Demographic data, modified plaque index (mPI)/plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), mucosal recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BoP), marginal bone level (MBL), brushing discomfort (BD), and peri-implant diagnosis were assessed. Implants were then divided into two groups according to the width of KM (narrow group: NG < 2 mm and wide group: WG ≥ 2 mm). Patients who returned after 4 years (T4) were invited to participate in the 10-year reassessment (T10). The same parameters were reassessed, and statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS: Thirty patients and 116 implants were included in this 10-year follow-up study. Although at T10 the prevalence of peri-implant diseases was not influenced by the KM width, the implants in the WG had 84% lower odds of being diagnosed with peri-implant diseases compared to those in the NG. Furthermore, the NG had higher PI, mPI, BoP, and REC than the WG. In addition, significant MBL was observed in the NG over 10 years. Both groups reduced BD, with no significant difference between them.

CONCLUSION: A narrow KM favors plaque accumulation, mucosal recession, and peri-implant tissue inflammation in the long term, while a wider KM (≥ 2 mm) appears protective against peri-implant disease onset. Brushing discomfort declined over time irrespective of KM width.

PMID:41906210 | DOI:10.1111/clr.70123

J Forensic Sci. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.70316. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Postmortem decomposition changes of bodies in aquatic environments may offer valuable insights into the postmortem submergence interval (PMSI) for medicolegal death investigators. However, the effects of immersion on the onset of such changes are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to augment what is known about the statistical relationship between PMSI and observable decomposition changes across three body regions (head, torso, and limbs) and to quantify the influence of extrinsic (e.g., clothing, immersion, location, and body position) and intrinsic (e.g., height, weight, BMI) moderating covariates for bodies in aqueous anthropogenically constructed environments. This study retrospectively examined 79 deceased adults recovered from pools, bathtubs, hot tubs, and spas between January 2010 and December 2019 in Victoria, Australia. Mean estimated PMSI was 18.33 h (SE = 3.83), and bivariate t-tests and ANOVA showed that PMSI was significantly related to gaseous distension of the face and torso, discoloration of the skin, marbling, skin sloughing, and discoloration of the torso and limbs. Univariate GLM (two-way factorial ANOVA) results showed that each moderating factor had a unique profile of influence on the various relationships between PMSI and the decomposition change being evaluated. Multiple linear regression modeling demonstrated the importance of including only specific moderators in estimations of PMSI. One model predicted nearly two-thirds of the variance in PMSI (adjusted R² = 0.656, SE of estimates = 18.150), but more cases involving lengthier submergence intervals are needed to understand with greater confidence the onset of advanced decomposition changes in such aqueous settings.

PMID:41906193 | DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.70316

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.70065. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is reported to be more common among immigrant children than their native counterparts. There are no community-based studies that assess the effectiveness of an intervention in reducing the risk of ECC among immigrant children in Norway. This study aimed to assess the effect of a culturally adapted intervention on ECC, plaque, feeding and oral hygiene habits in immigrant children, as well as on their parents’ oral health behaviours.

METHODS: Seven primary health centres in Bergen, Norway, were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Immigrant parents of newborns participated in the baseline study (n = 345). Self-reported data were collected via questionnaires at baseline (infants aged 0-6 months) and at follow-up (18-24 months following baseline). The intervention group received a culturally adapted intervention, which consisted of two one-to-one motivational interviews, MI-informed counselling (MI), toothbrushing demonstrations and pamphlets in the participants’ native languages at baseline and after 6 months. The control group received only the routine dental information provided at the primary health centres. Clinical oral examinations were performed to assess the presence or absence of ECC and plaque in the children at follow-up. Differences in outcomes were assessed and compared between intervention and control groups using generalised linear mixed models. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were reported.

RESULTS: A lower prevalence of carious lesions was observed in the intervention group (7.7%) than in the control group (10.6%), while plaque accumulation was higher in the intervention group (19.2%) than in the control group (17.3%). The intervention group exhibited lower odds of night-time feeding, not brushing day and night, or not using fluoride. Conversely, the intervention group showed higher odds of sugar intake in feeding bottles. Parents in the intervention group had higher odds of irregular flossing, mouthwash use and frequent sweet intake. However, none of the findings were statistically significant, indicating no true effect of the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the intervention had no impact on ECC, plaque, feeding or oral hygiene habits of the immigrant children or on the parents’ dietary and oral hygiene habits. These findings underscore the necessity for community-based, comprehensive interventions with extended follow-up periods to effectively address the needs of this diverse population.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758454.

PMID:41906192 | DOI:10.1111/cdoe.70065

Biomed Res Int. 2026;2026(1):e5309217. doi: 10.1155/bmri/5309217.

ABSTRACT

Human gustatory function is a complex trait combining taste, smell, and touch required for the safety and quality assessment of ingested food. Taste dysfunction is one of the most prominent symptoms of COVID-19 that was reversible in most cases, but some patients reported permanent changes in their perception of different food sources. This symptom brought attention to the complexity of the regulation of smell and taste and their potential use in diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic taste disorders. We investigated the genetic association of candidate genes with SARS-CoV-2 infection-related dysgeusia. A total of 96 individuals with confirmed virus infection were divided into groups according to the presence of self-reported taste dysfunction and genotyped using a custom Illumina gene panel. Out of 18 functionally related taste genes, statistically significant differences were observed for HCN4 variants c∗2393C > G (p = 0.013) and c.2556G > A (p = 0.026), PLCB2 variants c.3037-55T > C (p = 0.019) and c.582+958_582+959inv (p = 0.021), and TAS1R1 variant c.1594+41G > A (p = 0.03), which indicate possible association to taste dysfunction in response to virus infection.

PMID:41906187 | DOI:10.1155/bmri/5309217

Trop Med Health. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1186/s41182-026-00946-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Wild edible plants (WEPs) have long supported rural livelihoods in Ethiopia by contributing to food security, nutrition, and cultural identity. Despite their importance, many of these plants and the indigenous knowledge associated with them are increasingly overlooked due to environmental degradation, agricultural expansion, and socio-economic changes. This study aimed to document the diversity, indigenous knowledge, and cultural importance of WEPs in Dabat District, northwestern Ethiopia.

METHODS: A total of 136 informants participated in the study, which was conducted from January to November 2025 in eight selected kebeles of Dabat District. Informants were selected using purposive sampling for key informants and simple random sampling for general informants to ensure inclusion of knowledgeable community members. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, guided field walks, and direct observations. Voucher specimens were collected and identified using standard botanical procedures and authenticated herbarium references. Quantitative ethnobotanical analyses, including relative frequency of citation, preference ranking, and direct matrix ranking, were used to evaluate the cultural importance and multipurpose value of species. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were performed using R software to assess patterns of knowledge distribution across socio-demographic groups.

RESULTS: The study documented 52 wild edible plant species belonging to 41 genera and 27 botanical families. These species were mainly consumed as fruits, leafy vegetables, and tubers. Ximenia americana L. was identified as the most preferred species, followed by Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC., Cordia africana Lam., Morus alba L., and Rosa abyssinica R.Br. ex Lindl., which were valued for their taste, accessibility, and frequent use. Direct matrix ranking indicated that Cordia africana Lam. had the highest multipurpose value due to its roles in food provision, fuelwood, construction materials, income generation, and farm tool production. Species such as Vachellia seyal (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter and Vachellia abyssinica (Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. were also highly valued for energy supply, fencing, and marketable products. WEPs played an important role in supplementing household diets, particularly during seasonal food shortages. Traditional knowledge of WEPs varied significantly (P < 0.005) among informants, with older individuals, men, and respondents with lower levels of formal education demonstrating greater familiarity with these resources. Major threats identified included agricultural expansion, habitat degradation, overgrazing, and declining intergenerational transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS: WEPs remain an important component of local food systems and cultural traditions in Dabat District. Their continued use contributes to dietary diversity and provides a safety net during periods of food scarcity. Strengthening documentation, conservation, and sustainable management of WEPs, while promoting the transmission of indigenous knowledge, will enhance their role in supporting rural livelihoods and food security.

PMID:41906185 | DOI:10.1186/s41182-026-00946-2

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1186/s13098-026-02151-x. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41906175 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-026-02151-x

BMC Psychol. 2026 Mar 30. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-04457-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Body image dissatisfaction (BID) among adolescents is a growing public health concern globally, linked to unhealthy eating behaviors, low self-esteem, and psychological distress. In Nepal, research on BID remains limited, particularly in exploring both genders and the influence of behavioral, perceptual, and familial factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of BID and its associated factors among adolescents in Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 313 adolescents aged 10-19 years. Data were collected between 8th -30th June 2024 using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The questionnaire covered four domains: socio-demographic, behavioral, perceptual, and anthropometric characteristics. Validated instruments, including Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B), Figure Rating Scale, and Perceived Beauty Standards Scale (PBSS-8), were utilized. Eight wards were randomly selected, and households were approached through systematic sampling at fixed intervals. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, and multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with body image dissatisfaction. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The prevalence of BID was 24.3% (95% CI: 19.8-28.8). Female adolescents were nearly twice as likely as males to report dissatisfaction (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.02-3.88). Overweight/obese adolescents had significantly higher odds of BID (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.16-5.02). Adolescents who skipped meals (AOR = 4.14; 95% CI: 2.01-8.52) and those who experienced body shaming (AOR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.37-5.36) were at increased risk. Perceiving one’s body as “a bit too large” (AOR = 3.51; 95% CI: 1.33-9.31) or “much too large” (AOR = 8.68; 95% CI: 2.99-20.14) also showed strong associations with dissatisfaction.

CONCLUSION: Nearly one in four adolescents experienced BID, with greater vulnerability among females, those with overweight/obesity, and those exposed to body shaming. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating body image literacy and psychosocial wellbeing components into existing adolescent health and school-based education programs in Nepal.

PMID:41906166 | DOI:10.1186/s40359-026-04457-x

BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2026 Mar 30. doi: 10.1186/s12872-026-05804-x. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:41906092 | DOI:10.1186/s12872-026-05804-x

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2026 Mar 29. doi: 10.1186/s12891-026-09775-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic calcaneoplasty has gained increasing popularity in recent years for the treatment of Haglund’s deformity, which is characterized by a posterosuperior calcaneal prominence and associated retrocalcaneal bursitis. However, the relationship between preoperative calcaneal morphological parameters and postoperative clinical outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether bump height and the bump-calcaneus ratio, measured on preoperative radiographs, are associated with clinical or radiological outcomes following endoscopic calcaneoplasty.

METHODS: A prospective evaluation was conducted on 22 feet in 22 patients who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty. Demographic data and radiographic parameters including bump height, bump-to-calcaneus ratio, and various angular measurements were recorded. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and visual analog scale (VAS) preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Normality was assessed with Shapiro-Wilk test, and non-parametric tests were used for all analyses. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated from Wilcoxon Z statistics. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was evaluated by comparing AOFAS improvement with literature values. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS: The mean patient age was 46.2 ± 13.1 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 14 ± 2 months. The mean operative time was 63 ± 27 min. Both AOFAS and VAS scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement at all time points (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes (d = 1.75 for AOFAS, d = 1.76 for VAS). The mean Δ AOFAS at 12 months (41.1 ± 24.1) exceeded the established MCID range, confirming clinically meaningful improvement. No significant associations were identified between preoperative bump height or bump-to-calcaneus ratio and clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). No surgical complications or infections were observed.

CONCLUSION: Endoscopic calcaneoplasty resulted in significant clinical improvement in patients with Haglund’s deformity, with substantial increases in AOFAS scores and reductions in VAS pain scores. In this cohort, no significant association was observed between preoperative bump height, bump-calcaneus ratio, and postoperative clinical outcomes. However, the relatively small sample size limits the generalizability of these findings, and larger prospective studies are warranted.

PMID:41906077 | DOI:10.1186/s12891-026-09775-0

Int J Legal Med. 2026 Mar 30. doi: 10.1007/s00414-026-03784-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Sex estimation is fundamental in establishing the biological profile in forensic anthropology. However, osteometric standards from one population often do not apply to another due to ethnic and environmental variations. This study analyzed pelvic anthropometric measurement using three-dimensional (3D) Computed Tomography (CT) scans to establish population-specific sex estimation standards for the Gujarati population. A retrospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care center in Gujarat analyzed pelvic CT scans of 300 adults aged 18-65 years. Eight pelvic measurement and three indices were measured using NeoRad software. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test and multivariate Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) to generate sex-classification models. The analysis revealed significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.05) in four measurement: Ischial Length, Iliac Height, Acetabular Breadth, and Subpubic Angle. Males exhibited larger dimensions, except for the subpubic angle, which was wider in females. The multivariate discriminant function model achieved 80.7% classification accuracy, correctly classifying 80.6% of males and 80.8% of females. The study shows that 3D CT-derived pelvic measurement reliably indicate sex determination in the Gujarati population. The discriminant functions provide a non-invasive, population-specific tool that enhances forensic identification accuracy in this region, emphasizing local standards over global averages.

PMID:41906050 | DOI:10.1007/s00414-026-03784-3