Tag: pubmed

Encephale. 2025 Sep 6:S0013-7006(25)00139-3. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a condition characterized by a distorted perception of one’s own body image. Individuals with BDD exhibit excessive concern about their appearance, often fixating on perceived flaws that are either imaginary or minor. The prevalence of body image-related eating disorders has been increasing among university students, particularly in health-related fields, where students frequently experience pressure to maintain an ideal body shape and weight.

METHODS: This cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted with Nutrition students at a community university in Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Body image perception was assessed using the Silhouette Matching Task (SMT) by means of an online questionnaire via Google Forms. Data analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.

RESULTS: A total of 46 students participated, of whom 76.08% (n=35) were female. The mean BMI was 23.33kg/m², with a predominance of eutrophic individuals (74.28%). In contrast, the mean BMI for males was 28.42kg/m², with overweight being the predominant nutritional status. Regarding body image perception, 77.14% of females and 63.64% of males reported dissatisfaction with excess weight. The study found that males had a significantly higher weight (P=0.00003; r=0.578). Additionally, body dissatisfaction was more prevalent among females (P=0.00531; r=0.357) and increased with BMI (P=0.0015; r=0.455).

CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a high prevalence of body dissatisfaction among students, even among those with a nutritionally adequate status, particularly females. These results highlight the strong sociocultural pressure surrounding body image which significantly impacts this population.

PMID:40915951 | DOI:10.1016/j.encep.2025.06.004

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2025 Dec;38(1):2522998. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2025.2522998. Epub 2025 Sep 7.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between low-volume chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and delay in patient care.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent CVS from 8/19/2019 to 12/31/2022 in a single center. The exposure was low-volume CVS, defined as less than 15 mg of sample. The primary outcome of delay in patient care, was a composite of need for repeat procedure, delay in karyotype results ≥14 days, and ≥14 days to time of pregnancy termination. Secondary outcomes included change in lab protocol and canceled fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests.

RESULTS: There were 305 patients included with 113 (37%) with low-volume CVS. The primary outcome of delay in patient care occurred more often in the low-volume group compared to the high-volume group (23.9% vs 10.4% OR 2.70 95% CI 1.43-5.09). This association persisted in the adjusted models after adjusting for significant covariates. However, the individual outcome of delay to pregnancy termination was not different between the groups, even with controlling for covariates (14.2% vs 8.9% OR 1.70 95% CI 0.82-3.51).

CONCLUSION: Low-volume CVS was associated with an increased of delay in genetic testing results but did not increase the time to pregnancy termination in patients who opted for this outcome.

PMID:40915916 | DOI:10.1080/14767058.2025.2522998

Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2025 Sep 8. doi: 10.11236/jph.25-060. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objectives The Basic Act on Suicide Prevention was enacted in 2006, and 2026 will mark the 20th anniversary of this act. To commemorate this milestone, a symposium titled “20th Anniversary of the Basic Act on Suicide Prevention: Understanding the Reality of Suicide” was held at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Public Health. The aim was to reflect on Japan’s suicide prevention efforts to date through collaboration with experts.Methods: To accelerate suicide prevention efforts in Japan, we identified and organized the key challenges involved in understanding the reality of suicide.Results Considering the history of suicide prevention, we carefully reviewed the issues surrounding the Basic Act on Suicide Prevention and the Act on the Promotion of Research and Studies on Suicide. We conclude that revisions are necessary where appropriate. It is also important to incorporate measures for cultivating specialized professionals across various fields into the Basic Act on Suicide Prevention that will be responsible for suicide prevention in the next generation, as well as mechanisms that enable suicide-bereaved families to participate in policymaking. In terms of statistical issues, there has been a significant “apparent change” in the suicide statistics between 2021 and 2022 due to the revision of original data, which requires careful attention. There is an upward trend in deaths from external causes, including suicide and deaths from unknown causes, and it is necessary to analyze these trends carefully. In addition, municipalities can use police statistics to understand the realities of regional suicides. However, when analyzing municipal-level data, it is important to consider the underlying processes that lead to self-harm and suicide attempts, using regional suicide profiles as a reference. In addition, conducting independent surveys and research at the municipal level, separate from national statistics, is crucial for suicide prevention.Conclusion Suicide-related behavior is a complex issue influenced by various factors. It is essential to coordinate national measures with local initiatives. The following proposals are suggested to enhance future suicide prevention efforts:1. A review of the legal frameworks and establishment of support systems involving diverse stakeholders.2. Training of specialized personnel, including bereaved families, in the policymaking process.3. Conducting a thorough analysis of the statistical changes.4. Encouraging independent research and studies at the municipal level.By continuously updating our knowledge and fostering interdisciplinary discussions, we aim to ensure that these efforts are effectively implemented.

PMID:40915900 | DOI:10.11236/jph.25-060

J Epidemiol. 2025 Sep 6. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20240447. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BackgroundIn 2023, a collaborative UNICEF-WHO group introduced the concept of small vulnerable newborns (SVNs) to improve the identification of newborns at increased risk of adverse outcomes and to guide more effective preventive strategies. However, global data on the prevalence of SVNs remains scarce. This study aimed to examine secular trends in the prevalence of SVNs and their three subgroups, namely term small for gestational age (SGA), preterm SGA, and preterm non-SGA, in the Japanese population.MethodsWe analyzed data from vital statistics including livebirths and stillbirths between 1997 and 2021. Secular trends in the prevalence of SVNs and their subgroups were assessed. In addition, we conducted regional analyses to explore associations with the distribution of medical resources.ResultsA total of 26,172,760 newborns were included. The overall prevalence of SVNs was 7.8% in 1997, peaked at 8.7% in 2005, and declined to 7.7% by 2021. This decline was primarily attributed to a reduction in term SGA births. In contrast, the prevalence of preterm SGA and preterm non-SGA remained largely unchanged. In 2021, the prevalence of term SGA, preterm SGA, and preterm non-SGA was 2.0%, 0.44%, and 5.3%, respectively. No significant association was found between the regional variation in the prevalence of SVNs and the distribution of medical resources.ConclusionThe prevalence of SVNs in Japan has declined since 2005, mainly due to reduced term SGA births. Persistent rates of preterm subgroups highlight the ongoing burden of prematurity, underscoring the need for targeted strategies to improve neonatal outcomes.

PMID:40915894 | DOI:10.2188/jea.JE20240447

Ultrasound Med Biol. 2025 Sep 6:S0301-5629(25)00328-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.08.014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Accurate identification of fetal torso ultrasound planes is essential in pre-natal examinations, as it plays a critical role in the early detection of severe fetal malformations and this process is heavily dependent on the clinical expertise of health care providers. However, the limited number of medical professionals skilled at identification and the complexity of fetal plane screening underscore the need for efficient diagnostic support tools. Clinicians often encounter challenges such as image artifacts and the intricate nature of fetal planes, which require adjustments to image gain and contrast to obtain clearer diagnostic information. In response to these challenges, we propose the contrast and gain-aware attention mechanism. This method generates images under varying gain and contrast conditions, and utilizes an attention mechanism to mimic the clinician’s decision-making process. The system dynamically allocates attention to images based on these conditions, integrating feature fusion through a lightweight attention module. Positioned in the first layer of the model, this module operates directly on images with different gain and contrast settings. Here we integrated this attention mechanism into ResNet18 and ResNet34 models to predict key fetal torso planes: the transverse view of the abdomen, the sagittal view of the spine, the transverse view of the kidney and the sagittal view of the kidney. Our experimental results showed that this approach significantly enhances performance compared with traditional models, with minimal addition to model parameters, ensuring both efficiency and effectiveness in fetal torso ultrasound plane identification. Our codes are available at https://github.com/sysll/CCGAA.

PMID:40915866 | DOI:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.08.014

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025 Sep 6:S0901-5027(25)01432-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2025.08.009. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study was performed to evaluate the amount of bone implant engagement (BIE) of zygomatic implants (ZIs) at the malar bone level and its correlation with the ZAGA classification (zygoma anatomy-guided approach). One hundred ZIs placed in 32 patients with severe maxillary atrophy using a fully digital protocol were assessed: 80 placed in pairs (40 anterior (AI), 40 posterior (PI)) and 20 as single ZIs (SI). The ZAGA classification was determined preoperatively. Postoperative computed tomography scans were analysed using 3D Slicer to measure medial and lateral BIE, the mean value of these (mvBIE), and the ferrule area. Comparisons of the mean mvBIE of the implants (AI, PI, SI) were made according to the ZAGA categories and within each ZAGA group. Descriptive statistics and a linear mixed-effects model were performed (α = 0.05). The overall mean mvBIE was 12.38 ± 3.53 mm (AI: 12.38 ± 3.85 mm, PI: 11.50 ± 3.01 mm, SI: 14.16 ± 3.32 mm). A significant relationship was found between mvBIE and the ZAGA classification (0.005 <P < 0.008), with the lowest mean mvBIE in ZAGA 0 and ZAGA 4, and progressively increasing from ZAGA 1 to ZAGA 3. The mean mvBIE was significantly lower in PI compared to AI and SI (0.001 <P < 0.011). Three-dimensional analysis provided detailed measurements of mvBIE in ZIs placed using a digitally guided protocol. Considerable mvBIE variation among implant positions between and within ZAGA categories was observed, highlighting the influence of implant location and anatomy on bone engagement.

PMID:40915864 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2025.08.009

J Prof Nurs. 2025 Sep-Oct;60:144-150. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2025.08.001. Epub 2025 Aug 5.

ABSTRACT

Increasing the diversity of nursing students is an essential step toward diversifying the nursing workforce. There is a growing number of publications on ways to utilize diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles to better attract, admit, and enroll students from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds. This paper presents a synthesis of 31 articles found on this topic. Significant findings include ensuring that DEI principles are embedded throughout a nursing school’s mission, vision, values, and strategic plan. To improve recruitment, inclusive recruitment practices should be considered alongside the development of pathway and outreach programs between baccalaureate colleges of nursing and minority-serving schools and community colleges. Admission should follow holistic admission practices guided by the holistic admission rubrics. To improve the enrollment of admitted students from underrepresented backgrounds, nursing schools should consider hosting admitted student and family days and providing financial assistance for enrollment-related fees to those who qualify. This synthesis was completed in the fall of 2024. Since then, numerous socio-political changes have occurred in the United States, necessitating updated recommendations for incorporating DEI principles to diversify the nursing workforce. A discussion of these recommendations based on findings from this synthesis is presented.

PMID:40915753 | DOI:10.1016/j.profnurs.2025.08.001

Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2025 Sep 4;80:103407. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103407. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a widely used tool for assessing pain severity and interference, aligning with the bio-psycho-social model. It has been validated in various languages for patients with persistent spinal pain. However, the Minimal Important Change (MIC), which represents the smallest change perceived as meaningful by patients, has not yet been explored for this patient population.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the MIC for the BPI-DK in patients with persistent spinal pain.

METHODS: MIC was estimated using both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches. The anchor-based method was used to calculate mean changes in BPI-DK subscales for patients reporting improvement on the GROC scale. The distribution-based method estimated MIC as 1.96 times the standard error of measurement.

RESULTS: A total of 135 patients completed both baseline and 3-month follow-up questionnaires. Statistically significant MIC scores were found across all subscales. The MIC ranged from 1.37 to 2.61 for severity subscore, 1.59 to 2.91 for physical interference, 1.08 to 3.11 for affective interference, and 1.38 to 2.72 for overall interference subscore, depending on the method used.

CONCLUSION: This study establishes the MIC for the BPI-DK in patients with persistent spinal pain. Differences between the anchor-based and distribution-based methods highlight the sensitivity of the approach, with distribution-based estimates suggesting changes beyond measurement uncertainty. A 2-point improvement is recommended as clinically meaningful for this population.

PMID:40915076 | DOI:10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103407

Injury. 2025 Sep 2;56(11):112746. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112746. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for Type 2 diabetes and obesity due to their cardiometabolic benefits. However, their effects on fracture healing remain controversial. This study investigates perioperative GLP-1 RA use and outcomes following surgical treatment of lower extremity (LE) fractures.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis utilizing a large multicenter database compared patients on GLP-1 RAs within one year prior to and after lower extremity index surgery (+GLP) with those not on GLP-1 RAs (-GLP). Propensity score matching was performed on 275,970 included patients, matching 1:1 on age, sex, tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, primary hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, and body mass index (BMI), resulting in 6125 “best-matched” patients per group. This was conducted utilizing multivariate logistic regression with a 0.1 caliper. Outcomes were assessed at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year.

RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, GLP-1 RA users demonstrated a significantly higher rate of nonunion compared to matched controls (5.4% vs 4.4%, Risk Ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4, P < 0.05) when assessing patients who also continued GLP-1 RAs postoperatively. There were no significant differences in wound dehiscence, deep or superficial surgical site infections, or hematoma. Importantly, the +GLP group experienced significantly lower rates of cardiac arrest (0.8% vs 1.6%, RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7, P < 0.01) and all-cause mortality (4.4% vs 8.0%, RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.6, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative GLP-1 RA use was associated with a higher risk of nonunion following lower extremity fracture surgery, though without increased wound complication rates. Importantly, GLP-1 RA use was linked to reduced cardiac arrest and mortality within one year. These findings suggest that while the increased rate of nonunion is statistically significant, its clinically significance is limited. Thus, the mortality reduction may be more clinically meaningful for patient counseling and perioperative management. Further study is required to clarify the balance between systemic benefits and surgical outcomes of GLP-1 RAs in orthopedic trauma.

PMID:40915058 | DOI:10.1016/j.injury.2025.112746

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2025 Sep 3;258:109142. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2025.109142. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Severity and outcome of stroke may be associated with a concomitant or subsequent inflammatory response. C-reactive protein (CRP) may correlate with length of stay (LOS) in hospital, indicating increased complexity of stroke patients with an ongoing inflammatory reaction upon admission.

METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from admissions to the non-comprehensive Stroke Unit, which receives patients ineligible for revascularization therapy at Herlev-Gentofte hospital, in 2019 and 2020. We extracted data from electronic health records, including age, sex, diagnosis upon discharge (ICD-10), comorbidities, CRP-level, date and time of admission and discharge. CRP-levels were subcategorized as normal (<10 mg/L), moderate elevation (10-40 mg/L) and high elevation (> 40 mg/L). Discharge diagnosis was subcategorized as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Statistical analyses were performed in R 4.3.3.

RESULTS: 2077 patients were included, whereof 1169 had AIS, 831 had TIA and 77 had ICH. 97 had CRP > 40 mg/L, 249 had CRP 10-40 mg/L and 1574 had normal CRP-levels, whereas CRP-levels were unavailable in 157 cases. Our adjusted analysis revealed that CRP-levels > 40 mg/L were associated with longer LOS compared to CRP-levels 0-10 mg/L. No significant association was found between CRP-levels 10-40 mg/L and a longer LOS. Age ≥ 65 years and ICH were associated with prolonged LOS, whereas TIA and COVID-19 lockdown periods were associated with shorter LOS.

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the potential of CRP as a prognostic marker for increased LOS in hospital among patients with acute stroke or TIA.

PMID:40915039 | DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2025.109142