Tag: pubmed

J Occup Rehabil. 2026 Jun 19. doi: 10.1007/s10926-026-10410-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To synthesize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of the participatory approach (PA) on return to work (RTW) of sick-listed workers compared to usual care and other interventions.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, searching five databases for evidence from their inception until February 2025. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included sick-listed workers, conducted a PA intervention at the workplace focused on RTW, and included a comparison group. Data on RTW, health, and economic outcomes were extracted, and the quality of the studies was appraised. Data on time until full and lasting RTW were pooled, and a meta-analysis was conducted, followed by an assessment of the certainty of the evidence.

RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials reported across 14 papers were included. Half of the studies had a good quality score, whereas the remaining studies were considered of poor (n = 3) or fair (n = 1) quality. While no significant overall effect of the PA on time until full and lasting RTW was found, a statistically significant effect in favor of the PA was observed among sick-listed workers with low back pain (LBP) compared to control conditions.

CONCLUSION: The evidence provides moderate certainty that the PA is effective in reducing time to full and lasting RTW for sick-listed workers with LBP compared to usual care. However, for workers sick-listed due to mental health conditions or mixed health complaints, the evidence does not support its effectiveness, and the certainty of this evidence is very low. More high-quality research and realist evaluations across different settings and populations are needed to strengthen the evidence on the PA as an RTW intervention and to explain its underlying working mechanisms.

PMID:42319608 | DOI:10.1007/s10926-026-10410-x

J Robot Surg. 2026 Jun 19;20(1):600. doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03556-6.

ABSTRACT

An accrued interest has recently developed in robotics in total knee (TKA) and hip arthroplasty (THA). This study addressed the questions, “What is the degree of promotion of robotics in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) on the internet by members of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS), and what information is conveyed?” An internet search was conducted to identify orthopaedic surgeon-promotional websites for each member of the AAHKS using the members’ full name and a previously published set of criteria. Each site was systematically assessed utilizing a questionnaire to identify claims made regarding proposed robotic-assisted TJA risks and benefits. We identified 4683 qualified websites. Robotic use was referenced in 35.5% (1664) of these websites. Claims regarding robotic-assisted TJA-specific benefits included improved implant positioning (31.7%), faster recovery (20.0%), and increased precision (18.5%). Potential robotic-assisted TJA-specific risks including lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (THA) / saphenous nerve (TKA) injuries, iatrogenic fracture, and infection were addressed on only 5.8%, 5.6%, and 3.6% of websites, respectively. More than one third of AAHKS members discussed robotic use in TJA on the internet. Websites referenced robotic-assisted TJA benefits more frequently than potential risks. While there are no regulations set forth by the AAHKS regarding marketing validity, there is an opportunity for professional societies and orthopaedic surgeons to advocate for more balanced online communication.

PMID:42319603 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-026-03556-6

Mol Biol Rep. 2026 Jun 19;53(1):960. doi: 10.1007/s11033-026-12184-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an important risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) as approximately 90% of T2D patients are obese. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4607103 (C˃T) in the ADAMTS9 gene and rs7578597 (T˃C) in the THADA gene were identified as two novel T2D risk loci. However, studies investigating the associations of these variants with T2D and obesity are limited, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying their association with T2D. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between THADA and ADAMTS9 gene variants and T2D, taking into account the presence or absence of obesity.

METHODS AND RESULTS: In our study, rs4607103 variant (C˃T) in ADAMTS9 gene and the rs7578597 (T˃C-Thr1187Ala) variant in THADA gene were genotyped in 848 Turkish individuals, including obese and non-obese patients with diabetes and healthy controls, by using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay.

CONCLUSION: This is the first study report from a Turkish population investigating these associations. Our results suggest a significant association between the rs4607103 variant and the development of T2D. Thus, ADAMTS9 gene is a strong candidate worthy of further investigation with respect to the association between T2D and obesity.

PMID:42319597 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-026-12184-0

Invest New Drugs. 2026 Jun 19. doi: 10.1007/s10637-026-01628-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cemiplimab is a fully human PD-1 inhibitor approved for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Post-market safety surveillance is essential given the broad and evolving indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors. All FAERS reports with cemiplimab as the primary suspect drug were extracted. Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRR), Reporting Odds Ratios (ROR), and chi-squared statistics were calculated for each adverse event. Disproportionality signals were defined by PRR ≥ 2, chi-squared ≥ 3.841, and a minimum of 15 reports. A total of 1,460 cemiplimab reports were identified in the FAERS database. Twenty-two adverse events met all signal detection criteria. The strongest signals were observed for myocarditis (PRR 54.35, n = 40), myositis (PRR 46.10, n = 25), pemphigoid (PRR 36.06, n = 16), and pneumonitis (PRR 19.37, n = 31). Immune-mediated adverse events predominated, consistent with the mechanism of PD-1 blockade. FAERS disproportionality analysis identifies a signal profile for cemiplimab dominated by immune-related adverse events across cardiac, pulmonary, dermatologic, and endocrine systems. These findings are consistent with the known immunotoxicity of PD-1 inhibitors and support heightened clinical vigilance for myocarditis and immune-mediated pneumonitis.

PMID:42319596 | DOI:10.1007/s10637-026-01628-w

Environ Monit Assess. 2026 Jun 19;198(7):749. doi: 10.1007/s10661-026-15598-2.

ABSTRACT

Roadside dust samples were analyzed for potentially toxic metals (PTMs) using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Ecological and health risks of PTMs were assessed using the pollution index (PI), nemerov integrated pollution index (NIPI), ecological risk index (ERI), enrichment factor (EF), average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient and hazard index (HQ and HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). The mean concentrations (mg kg⁻¹) of PTMs in samples existed as Cr (1.55-61.95), Cd (1.2-6.25), Pb (0.5-58), and Ni (2-46.7) across all study sites. Compared with control soils, roadside dust exhibited overall elevated PTM concentrations. PI values exceeded 1 for all PTMs, indicating a high level of pollution, while Cd showed high enrichment (EF > 5) and considerable ecological risk (ERI < 150) in the majority of samples. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were with in safe limits (< 1) for all samples. Ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway, followed by inhalation and dermal contact. Children exhibited higher health risks as compared to adults due to lower body weight and higher exposure. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that PTMs primarily originated from anthropogenic sources, and Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that most variables were significantly correlated (p ≤ 0.5). The outcomes of the study would be valuable in finding effective measures for the mitigating stratagies of PTMs in environment.

PMID:42319592 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15598-2

J Robot Surg. 2026 Jun 19;20(1):611. doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03583-3.

ABSTRACT

Patients with cirrhosis have increased rates of gallstone formation. While laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is known to be safe in cirrhosis, perioperative morbidity remains higher than the general population. Prior work has suggested that robotic cholecystectomy (RC) may improve outcomes for patients with cirrhosis. This was a retrospective propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis of patients with cirrhosis undergoing cholecystectomy within an academic health system between January 2015 and December 2025. The primary outcome was rate of Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa or higher complication. Demographics and clinical characteristics/outcomes were compared using standard statistical techniques. The total cohort included 139 patients: 108 (77.6%) LC and 31 (22.3%) RC. Prior to PSM, RC patients had significantly higher MELD scores (11 vs. 10, P = 0.024), greater prevalence of ascites at surgery (35.5% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.018), and more elective case status (96.8% vs. 72.2%, P = 0.003). After PSM, 61 LC and 31 RC patients remained for analysis, without significant difference in MELD score or elective status (all P > 0.05). In the PSM cohort, there was not a significant difference in major morbidity rate by approach (4.8% vs. 6.5%, P > 0.9), while estimated blood loss (10 vs. 25 mL, P < 0.001) and open conversion rate (0 vs. 12.9%, P = 0.049) were significantly lower for RC. RC was associated with equivalent perioperative outcomes to LC in patients with cirrhosis in this study. Larger studies are warranted to define the optimal approach to cholecystectomy in this population.

PMID:42319583 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-026-03583-3

J Robot Surg. 2026 Jun 19;20(1):604. doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03572-6.

ABSTRACT

Robot-assisted peritoneal flap vaginoplasty has emerged as an evolving reconstructive option in gender-affirming genital surgery. This systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding its perioperative, functional canal, and postoperative safety outcomes. This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to May 2026. Eligible studies included transfeminine or gender-diverse individuals undergoing robot-assisted peritoneal flap-based vaginoplasty with extractable clinical outcomes. Continuous outcomes were synthesized as weighted mean estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and overall postoperative complications were pooled using Stata version 18.0. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed. Ten studies involving 974 patients were included. The pooled mean operative time was 305.37 min (95% CI 244.62, 366.12), and the pooled length of hospital stay was 5.80 days (95% CI 4.72, 6.87). At the last available follow-up, pooled neovaginal depth was 13.41 cm (95% CI 12.86, 13.96), and pooled neovaginal width was 3.61 cm (95% CI 3.55, 3.67). The pooled overall postoperative complication rate was approximately 30.1%. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the pooled estimates were not driven by any single study. Robot-assisted peritoneal flap vaginoplasty appears feasible and may achieve neovaginal dimensions broadly comparable to those reported for other full-depth vaginoplasty approaches. However, predominantly retrospective single-arm evidence precludes conclusions regarding superiority and highlights the need for standardized prospective studies with longer follow-up and patient-reported outcomes.

PMID:42319579 | DOI:10.1007/s11701-026-03572-6

Exp Physiol. 2026 Jun 19. doi: 10.1113/EP092753. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, studies in experimental physiology have been conducted in small groups of human participants, animal models or cell lines. Identifying optimal study designs that achieve sufficient power for drawing proper statistical inferences to detect group level effects with small sample sizes has been challenging. Moreover, average effects derived from traditional group-level inference do not necessarily apply to individual participants. Here, we introduce N-of-1 trials as an innovative study design that can be used to draw valid statistical inference about the effects of interventions on individual participants and can be aggregated across multiple study participants to provide population-level inferences more efficiently than standard group randomized trials. N-of-1 trials have been used in healthcare settings since the late 1980s, but without large-scale adoption and with few applications in experimental physiology research settings. In this paper, we introduce the key components and design features of N-of-1 trials, describe statistical analysis and interpretations of the results, and describe some available digital tools to facilitate their use using examples from experimental physiology.

PMID:42318774 | DOI:10.1113/EP092753

Soft Matter. 2026 Jun 19. doi: 10.1039/d6sm00448b. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Chiral active Brownian particles (CABPs) are self-propelled agents with intrinsic rotational dynamics, giving rise to circular trajectories commonly observed in biological and synthetic microswimmers. Understanding how CABPs explore confined environments and locate targets is crucial for characterizing transport, search efficiency, and reaction processes in physical and biological systems. We study the escape dynamics of CABPs from one- and two-dimensional confined domains. In one dimension, we consider intervals with either two absorbing boundaries or a reflecting boundary on one side and an absorbing boundary on the other, and derive closed-form asymptotic solutions in the high-chirality regime, revealing the quantitative scaling of the mean first passage time (MFPT) as a function of particle rotation speed (chirality). In two dimensions, we analyze escape from a disk containing one absorbing arc or two symmetric absorbing arcs. By numerically solving the governing partial differential equations, we compute the MFPT for CABPs to escape the domains as a function of the particle’s initial orientation, self-propulsion speed, angular velocity, and domain geometry. Our results show that, depending on the parameters and geometry, the MFPT can exhibit non-monotonic behavior as a function of chirality. A minimal escape time exists at an intermediate value of chirality, where the rotational time scale balances the active swimming time scale, redirecting a particle towards the exit which would otherwise be blocked due to unfavorable initial orientation. Our work offers a comprehensive characterization of CABP escape dynamics in canonical confinements and identifies chirality as a key control parameter for transport and search in confined physical and biological systems.

PMID:42318759 | DOI:10.1039/d6sm00448b

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2025 Oct-Dec;23(92):534-539.

ABSTRACT

Background Breastfeeding self-efficacy predicts breastfeeding success. Studies shows that although mothers recognize its importance, many lack adequate knowledge of proper breastfeeding practices. Objective To assess breastfeeding self-efficacy and postnatal depressive symptoms and compare the breast-feeding efficacy score differences with selected variables and postnatal depressive symptoms among postnatal mothers. Method A cross- sectional study was conducted from 1st-28th August 2022 among 109 postnatal mothers in postnatal ward of Dhulikhel Hospital. The postnatal mothers were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection was done by using structured questionnaire through interview method. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, median and interquartile range) and inferential statistics (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test) were used. Result There was total 109 postnatal mothers. The median breastfeeding self-efficacy score was 55 with interquartile range 59 and 51. Nearly one fourth (21.1%) of postnatal mothers had presence of depressive symptoms. The mean overall Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score was 9.37 (SD = 2.89; ranging from 1 to 18). The study showed higher breastfeeding score among age above 30 years, who received prenatal health information about breastfeeding, having previous experience of breastfeeding and who decided to breastfeed before childbirth. Conclusion The study showed that more than half of postnatal mothers had high median score of breastfeeding self-efficacy and nearly one fourth of postnatal mothers had presence of depressive symptoms. There was statistically significant difference between mothers’ age, received prenatal health information about breastfeeding, previous experience of breastfeeding and time of decision to breastfeed with breastfeeding self- efficacy score.

PMID:42318734