Tag: pubmed

Vet Anim Sci. 2026 Jul 29;34:100790. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100790. eCollection 2026 Dec.

ABSTRACT

Heat stress is an increasingly important constraint on cattle welfare, fertility, productivity, and developmental resilience. DNA methylation may mediate part of the molecular response to thermal exposure, but current studies differ widely in tissue type, exposure model, assay platform, and endpoint definition. This review systematically synthesizes evidence linking heat stress to DNA methylation changes in cattle and evaluates whether a quantitative meta-analysis of global methylation responses is currently feasible. A PRISMA-informed search was conducted for peer-reviewed bovine studies published between 2015 and early 2026. The PECO framework defined cattle or cattle-derived biological material as the population, heat stress or thermal challenge as the exposure, thermoneutral, cooled, or non-stressed conditions as comparators, and DNA methylation-related measures as outcomes. The predefined primary quantitative endpoint was global DNA methylation or hydroxymethylation reported as a continuous outcome. Locus-specific, promoter-level, DMC, DMR, and multi-omics studies were retained for structured qualitative synthesis. Global methylation studies often reported non-significant bulk changes, whereas sequencing-based and promoter-level studies revealed extensive tissue-specific and locus-specific methylation signatures involving oxidative stress, immune regulation, metabolism, endocrine signaling, and developmental programming. A formal pooled meta-analysis was not statistically defensible because fewer than three independent studies reported complete and comparable group-level data for the predefined global methylation endpoint. Heat stress in cattle appears to induce targeted, tissue-specific methylome remodeling rather than a consistent genome-wide shift in global methylation. Future studies should report extractable group-level methylation statistics, standardized heat-load metrics, tissue and cell-composition information, and phenotypic outcomes to enable robust meta-analysis. Beyond reporting standardization, future trial and cohort designs should prospectively incorporate paired global and locus-specific methylation endpoints to enable meta-analytic pooling within the next research cycle.

PMID:42571439 | PMC:PMC13452235 | DOI:10.1016/j.vas.2026.100790

EClinicalMedicine. 2026 Jul 31;98:104122. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.104122. eCollection 2026 Aug.

ABSTRACT

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a powerful prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal (GI) oncology, with the strongest evidence in colorectal cancer. Postoperative ctDNA positivity identifies patients at high risk of recurrence, and serial clearance patterns further refine risk. However, prognostic validity has not consistently translated into treatment-selection utility. In stage II colon cancer, DYNAMIC supported chemotherapy de-escalation without compromising recurrence-free survival, whereas DYNAMIC-III showed that escalation in ctDNA-positive stage III disease did not improve outcomes. More recent randomized data from CIRCULATE suggest that ctDNA-positive patients with proficient mismatch repair and microsatellite-stable stage II colon cancer may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, although the intention-to-treat primary endpoint was not statistically significant. COBRA further highlights the vulnerability of low-risk populations to assay-dependent interpretation and unvalidated clearance endpoints. Outside colorectal cancer, ctDNA is strongly prognostic in gastro-esophageal, pancreatic, and biliary tract cancers, but evidence supporting ctDNA-directed treatment remains limited. Assay heterogeneity, variable tumor shedding, postoperative sampling timing, false-positive and false-negative results, and uncertain benefit from treating molecular recurrence before radiographic disease remain major barriers. Prospective trials must show that biomarker-guided interventions improve patient-important outcomes before ctDNA can serve as a stand-alone treatment mandate across GI cancers.

PMID:42571422 | PMC:PMC13452147 | DOI:10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.104122

Food Nutr Res. 2026 May 7;70. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v70.12024. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Though a healthy diet is the most effective solution for obesity, it is hindered by two main barriers: difficulty in accessing or preparing healthy meals and lack of portion control knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared two different medical nutrition therapies (home-delivered diet meal service [HDMS] combined with dietary counseling and dietary counseling solely) in terms of anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and eating behaviors in women with overweight or obesity who participated in a weight loss program.

DESIGN: A non-randomized, controlled, parallel-group intervention study was conducted with 60 women aged 25-45 years, having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25-35 kg/m², representing individuals with overweight and class I obesity. Participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group receiving HDMS combined with dietary counseling (n = 30) and a control group receiving dietary counseling solely (n = 30). Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dietary and physical activity records were monitored throughout the 8-week intervention, while comprehensive assessments including biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (FITMATE), and eating behaviors assessed using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) were conducted at baseline, week 4, and week 8.

RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reductions over time in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, RMR, blood glucose, lipid parameters, and blood pressure values (P < 0.001). Although greater reductions were observed in the HDMS group, the differences between groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When considering the group-time interaction, changes in waist circumference (P < 0.001), hip circumference (P < 0.05), RMR (P < 0.05), fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (P < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) were found to be significant in the HDMS group. In addition, when examining eating behaviors, statistically significant changes were observed in the intervention group for both time effects and behavior outcomes. Uncontrolled eating and emotional eating behaviors decreased, while cognitive restraint increased (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Both interventions improved anthropometric and metabolic parameters, with greater reductions observed in the HDMS group; however, the differences between groups were not statistically significant. HDMS may be considered a practical approach to support weight management.

PMID:42571413 | PMC:PMC13452270 | DOI:10.29219/fnr.v70.12024

J Trop Med. 2026 Aug 7;2026:3012361. doi: 10.1155/jotm/3012361. eCollection 2026.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dengue has shifted from Dhaka-centric to nationwide in Bangladesh.

AIM: To quantify spatiotemporal patterns and identify high-risk clusters across all 64 districts from 2021 to 2025, and, extending previous reports with data from 2025, this study aims to observe an ongoing shift in per-capita risk hotspots.

METHODS: Retrospective ecological study of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) aggregate yearly data on suspected and laboratory-confirmed dengue admissions (n = 637,626 cases). Incidence per 100,000 population was calculated using 2022 census projections with 1.12% annual growth. Global (Moran’s I) and local (Getis-Ord Gi∗) spatial autocorrelation and prospective space-time scan statistics (SaTScan) were applied.

RESULTS: National incidence: 76.4/100,000/year. 2025 rate-adjusted Moran’s I = 0.328 (p = 0.001). Raw-case hotspots: Greater Dhaka; population-adjusted hotspots: Jhalokathi, Barguna (coastal). High-rate space-time cluster (2024-2025): Dhaka, Manikganj (RR = 3.13, p = 0.001). Dhaka O/E = 4.31 (RR = 6.38). Two low-rate clusters (north, southeast).

CONCLUSION: Urban hyperendemicity, characterized by a high case volume, coupled with the emerging coastal per-capita risk, necessitates tailored interventions. Intensive vector control is essential in Dhaka, while early-warning surveillance should be implemented in coastal districts.

PMID:42571411 | PMC:PMC13451933 | DOI:10.1155/jotm/3012361

Arthroplast Today. 2026 Jul 30;40:102104. doi: 10.1016/j.artd.2026.102104. eCollection 2026 Aug.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty remains a serious complication. Although two-stage revision is considered the gold standard, predictors of failure remain unclear. This study aimed to identify factors associated with failure after two-stage revision for knee PJI using conventional statistics with exploratory machine-learning validation.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 154 patients who underwent two-stage revision for knee PJI between 2018 and 2022 at a high-volume arthroplasty center. All patients completed a minimum 24-month follow-up (mean 36.3 ± 20.3 months). Treatment success and failure were defined using MSIS Tier-1 criteria. Independent predictors of failure were identified using multivariate logistic regression and Random Forest classification model.

RESULTS: Most infections were late in onset (91.6%), and 68.2% were culture-positive. Difficult-to-treat (DTT) organisms were identified in 22.1% of cases and were associated with significantly worse postoperative WOMAC, KSS, and OKS outcomes (all P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified DTT organisms (odds ratio 0.035, P < .001) and shorter time from index surgery to infection (odds ratio 1.033, P = .016) as independent predictors of failure. The random Forest model demonstrated an overall accuracy of 84.2% and identified DTT organisms, pre-revision C-reactive protein levels, and time from index surgery as the most influential variables contributing to classification performance. Most failures occurred within 30 months of reimplantation.

CONCLUSIONS: DTT organisms and shorter time from index surgery to infection were independent predictors of failure following two-stage revision for knee PJI. Exploratory machine-learning analysis identified similar predictor patterns and supports the importance of microbiological factors in determining outcomes.

PMID:42571409 | PMC:PMC13452174 | DOI:10.1016/j.artd.2026.102104

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2026 Sep-Oct;16(5):101509. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101509. Epub 2026 Jul 31.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is widely used for mandibular advancement in patients with skeletal Class 2 malocclusion; however, long-term postoperative stability remains an important clinical concern.

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue stability following mandibular advancement with BSSO and rigid fixation.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 32 patients undergoing mandibular advancement with BSSO and rigid fixation. Cephalometric measurements were obtained at four time points: preoperative, immediate postoperative, 12 months, and long-term follow-up (>3 years). Changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS: The mean mandibular advancement was 5.42 ± 1.71 mm. Immediately after surgery, significant skeletal correction was achieved, with increased SNB and decreased ANB (both p < 0.001), accompanied by significant improvements in occlusal and soft tissue profile measurements. Most skeletal and occlusal parameters remained stable during the first postoperative year and throughout long-term follow-up, with no statistically significant changes observed between one year and the final evaluation. Soft tissue remodeling continued during follow-up, whereas overall skeletal and dental stability was maintained.

CONCLUSION: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with rigid fixation effectively corrected skeletal Class 2 malocclusion and demonstrated favorable long-term skeletal, dental, and soft tissue stability.

PMID:42571381 | PMC:PMC13452201 | DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101509

Plant Phenomics. 2026 Jun 19;8(3):100228. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphe.2026.100228. eCollection 2026 Sep.

ABSTRACT

Three dimensional (3D) instance segmentation is essential for precision characterization of tree architecture at the branch level, which supports both tree fruit crop breeding and the development of robotic systems for orchard management. Existing methods usually use sparse convolution-based operation, which requires a coordinate quantization preprocess to generate sparse tensors, risking the loss of geometric details for fine-grained downstream phenotyping tasks. To overcome this challenge, we developed the dynamic sparse point-voxel transformer (DSPVFormer) model for the efficient and accurate 3D instance segmentation of high-resolution point clouds for dormant apple trees. Our hybrid DSPVFormer architecture maximizes the use of raw point features by dynamically mapping and aggregating the raw point features into the sparse voxel embeddings, capturing strong geometric features that may be discarded during quantization. Evaluations demonstrate that DSPVFormer achieved statistically significant improvements over baseline models on most instance segmentation metrics, which are further translated into more accurate phenotyping evaluation including branch counting and pruning map generation. These advances directly benefit downstream applications in plant phenotyping and robotic pruning for tree crops such as apples. Meanwhile, experimental results on phenotyping tasks suggested that phenotyping-specific evaluation metrics should be prioritized over upstream computer vision performance metrics to realize the full potential of high-throughput phenotyping for real-world applications.

PMID:42571348 | PMC:PMC13452206 | DOI:10.1016/j.plaphe.2026.100228

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2026 Jul 23;20(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13034-026-01115-3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This German multicenter study aimed to analyze the efficacy of telephone-assisted self-help (TASH) and changes during subsequent adaptive treatment in children with mild-to-moderate ADHD.

METHODS: Participants were children (6;0-11;11 years) with mild-to-moderate ADHD. Study Step 1 comprised a randomized waitlist-controlled trial on the efficacy of three-month, parent-directed TASH. Depending on their response to TASH, in Step 2, children were assigned to booster TASH (full response), behavior therapy (partial response), or pharmacotherapy plus behavior therapy or counseling (non-response) for six months. The primary outcome was the change in blinded-clinician-rated ADHD symptoms; for subsequent changes (Step 2), we considered semi-blinded ratings. The primary analyses were by intention-to-treat.

RESULTS: Of the 163 included children (77.9% boys), 80 were randomized to TASH and 83 to the waitlist control group. Following TASH, 12 children (8.8%) were classified as full responders, 40 (29.2%) as partial responders, and 85 (62.0%) as non-responders. An analysis of covariance did not yield an effect of TASH on the primary outcome (mean between-group difference = 0.00 ± 0.07, 95% CI[- 0.14, 0.13]; p = 0.95; d = -0.01, 95% CI[- 0.37, 0.34]). During Step 2, full responders demonstrated a stable symptom level (piecewise mixed-effects model for repeated measures; d = – 0.07, 95% CI[- 0.61, 0.47], p = 0.80), partial responders a small increase in ADHD symptoms (d = 0.29, 95% CI[0.00, 0.59], p = 0.05), and non-responders a large decrease (d = – 1.00, 95% CI[- 1.27, – 0.73], p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: TASH is not effective in reducing blinded-clinician-rated ADHD symptoms in children with mild-to-moderate ADHD. Based on the changes within the response groups during Step 2, hypotheses are generated for adaptive treatment after TASH. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS0000897; URL: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00008973/details ; registered on December 18th 2015.

PMID:42571030 | DOI:10.1186/s13034-026-01115-3

BMC Med. 2026 Aug 6;24(1):426. doi: 10.1186/s12916-026-05131-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pain management is a core ethical principle in emergency medicine, yet gender-related differences in analgesic treatment have been reported. This study examines whether patient and emergency physician gender influence prehospital pain management.

METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study included all primary helicopter emergency medical service missions conducted by DRF Stiftung Luftrettung in Germany between January 2012 and June 2025. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with a Glasgow Coma Scale score ≥ 11 and without airway management were analyzed. Pain severity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Patient characteristics, analgesic treatment, and emergency physician gender were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee Freiburg (25-1272-S1, August 19th 2025).

RESULTS: A total of 106,888 cases was included, of which 38.5% were female and 61.5% male. Initial pain severity was comparable between genders, with a similar distribution across NRS categories. Despite this, women received analgesic treatment less frequently than men (62.0% vs. 66.9%; p < 0.001), whereas a greater effect is seen when particularly examining the use of opioid analgesics (50.0% vs. 57.1%; p < 0.001). This finding is consistent across all pain severity subgroups. Pain scores at patient handover were similar for women and men, indicating comparable pain levels at the end of prehospital care.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite comparable pain intensity, women received analgesic and opioid treatment less frequently than men in prehospital care, indicating potential gender-based inequalities in pain management. These findings underscore the need for strategies to ensure equitable analgesic treatment.

PMID:42571028 | DOI:10.1186/s12916-026-05131-0

Cardiovasc Diabetol Endocrinol Rep. 2026 Aug 9;12(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40842-026-00327-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (Afib) and type 2 DM (T2DM) are common conditions associated with substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, data on the burden of Afib among patients with T2DM in sub-Saharan Africa remain limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical features, and factors associated with Afib among adults with T2DM at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital (HRRH), western Uganda.

METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 adults with T2DM attending HRRH. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing, and 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for Afib diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with Afib, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The prevalence of Afib was 7.9% (28/355). Patients with Afib commonly presented with palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, chest pain, and dyspnea, with tachycardia and irregular pulse frequently observed on examination. In multivariable analysis, hypertension (aOR 3.027, 95% CI 1.419-6.431; p = 0.020), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (aOR 2.026, 95% CI 1.738-6.538; p = 0.048), body mass index (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) (aOR 3.014, 95% CI 1.242-7.930; p = 0.029), and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 8%) (aOR 3.813, 95% CI 1.762-8.265; p = 0.007) were independently associated with Afib.

CONCLUSION: Afib is relatively common among adults with T2DM in western Uganda, affecting nearly one in ten patients. Hypertension, HIV infection, obesity, and poor glycemic control were significant associated factors. Integrating ECG screening into diabetes care, particularly for high-risk patients may improve early detection and management in resource-limited settings.

PMID:42571021 | DOI:10.1186/s40842-026-00327-y