Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-45840-3. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41957459 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-45840-3
Tag: pubmed
Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47551-1. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41957455 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-47551-1
Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47549-9. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41957449 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-47549-9
Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-46417-w. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41957445 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-46417-w
Sci Data. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41597-026-07207-1. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Grain kernel morphology strongly influences aerodynamic loads, breakage susceptibility, and processing performance. Conventional two-dimensional projection imaging and manual measurements lack the accuracy and completeness needed to represent the true three-dimensional structure of kernels. We present an open X-ray computed tomography dataset of wheat kernels that includes axial slice stacks and three-dimensional shape models for 100 individual kernels, together with per-sample morphometrics including principal-axis lengths, elongation index, flatness index, convexity, and sphericity. The dataset supports statistics of kernel shape, enables analysis of internal microstructure from the provided slice stacks, and facilitates high-fidelity discrete element modelling with realistic particle geometry.
PMID:41957421 | DOI:10.1038/s41597-026-07207-1
Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44063-w. Online ahead of print.
NO ABSTRACT
PMID:41957397 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-44063-w
Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-44702-2. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Environmental enrichment (EE) offers a non-invasive strategy to enhance fish welfare, yet its immunological benefits in fish remain incompletely explored and rarely applied in aquaculture practice. This study assessed whether EE exposure alone can modulate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). EE was implemented as simple physical structures added to otherwise barren tanks, either as horizontally placed gravel substrate (H) simulating a riverbed or vertically suspended rubber cords (V) simulating plant like structures. Tanks without enrichment served as barren controls (C). In experiment 1 (Exp1), trout reared with H, or V enrichment were compared to C for behavioural, neuroendocrine, and immune parameters. The H setup increased social interactions and showed signs of inflammatory activation in the head kidney leukocyte (HKL) functional assays. The V setup led to reduced monocyte counts and slightly higher spontaneous respiratory burst activity (SRBA), although the latter was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the subsequent experiment using a 2 × 2 factorial design combining enrichment and high (× 2) stocking density (Exp2), trout in the V setup maintained significantly higher immune activity (evident through elevated SRBA, cellular peroxidase content in the HKL, and serum lysozyme activity) under × 2 stocking density conditions (p < 0.05). In both experiments, the coefficient of variation (CV) for serum cortisol was higher in the V setup, including at × 2 stocking density, but not significantly different from the C setup (p > 0.05). Behavioural modulation was indirectly evidenced by a negative correlation between cortisol levels and body size, suggesting hierarchy formation. Overall, EE influenced neuroendocrine, behavioural, and immune parameters in trout, with V emerging as a practical immunostimulatory measure suitable for juveniles (< 1 year; 5-50 g).
PMID:41957396 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-026-44702-2
Nat Commun. 2026 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-71393-0. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Determining the clinical relevance of BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance is critical for informed risk management. Recently, two saturation genome editing studies assessed the functional effects of all single nucleotide variants in the BRCA2 C-terminal DNA Binding Domain. To improve the accuracy of functional data used for ACMG/AMP variant classification, we combined results from these studies in four composite models and evaluated the performance of each model using variants with known classifications. Here, we show that an “Integrated VarCall Model”, which combined raw functional data for 6383 variants from the original studies, yielded 98.8% accuracy and out-performed the original studies and other combined data models. Incorporation of the “Integrated VarCall Model” functional data with other sources of evidence according to ClinGen BRCA1/2 variant curation expert panel specifications resulted in classification of 5926 (92.8%) BRCA2 variants as pathogenic (n = 735) or benign (n = 5191) and provides valuable insights for individuals with BRCA2 variants.
PMID:41957374 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-026-71393-0
Arch Med Res. 2026 Apr 8;57(5):103415. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103415. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, results from trisomy 21 (T21). T21 can be regular or due to translocation, isochromosome, or mosaicism, among other chromosomal alterations. In Mexico, frequencies of these chromosomal variants reported internationally are used; therefore, national data are necessary.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequencies of cytogenetic findings in patients with DS referred to a research center in western Mexico over the past 31 years (1993-2024).
METHODS: Physical and digital records from the cytogenetics laboratory were reviewed to extract data from patients who were clinically diagnosed with DS, including date of birth, age at diagnosis, parental age at birth, Mexican state of origin, and karyotype. Descriptive statistics and a non-parametric test were used.
RESULTS: 3,238 patients were identified, of whom 3,124 were confirmed to have T21. Of those 94.17% had regular T21; 2.72% had T21 by Robertsonian translocation; 1.54% were mosaic; 0.93% had T21 by isochromosome; and 0.64% had T21 with other chromosomal alterations. Of the patients without T21, 105 had a normal karyotype without alterations, and nine showed other chromosomal alterations, mainly sex aneuploidies. The patients’ age at diagnosis was 1 year (ranging from newborn to 28 years), with maternal and paternal ages both averaging 34 years old (13-49 years and 15-69 years, respectively).
CONCLUSION: These findings align with international reports but differ slightly from local data, possibly due to sample size. This is the largest study of T21 chromosomal variant frequencies in the Mexican population.
PMID:41955674 | DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103415
Nat Prod Res. 2026 Apr 9:1-11. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2026.2654631. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
The root of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium (BSR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for treating fever, hepatitis, depression, etc. Currently, cultivated BSR has been widely used in clinical practice. However, its chemical components have not been systematically studied, and quality indicators remain unclear. In this study, the chemical composition of 13 batches of cultivated BSR was analysed using GC-MS and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. A total of 89 volatile components and 68 non-volatile components were identified. Through multivariate statistical analysis, 11 chemical components with VIP > 1, p < 0.05, FC > 1 or FC < 0.5 were selected as potential markers. The quantitative methods for 3 volatile components (decyl acetate, dodecanal, and 1-dodecanol) and 3 saikosaponins (saikosaponins a, b2, and c) were established using GC-MS and HPLC, respectively. These six components can serve as indicators for assessing the quality of cultivated BSR. These findings provide a theoretical basis for establishing a quality evaluation system for cultivated BSR and guiding its clinical application.
PMID:41955640 | DOI:10.1080/14786419.2026.2654631