Tag: pubmed

Stat Med. 2026 May;45(10-12):e70573. doi: 10.1002/sim.70573.

ABSTRACT

Identifying predictors for viral rebound trajectories after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption is central to HIV cure research. Motivated by the need to determine whether the time to achieve viral suppression after ART initiation can predict the time to viral rebound following ART interruption, we investigate modeling approaches that relate an interval-censored outcome (e.g., time to viral rebound) and an interval-censored covariate (e.g., time to viral suppression) under the assumption that viral load only crosses a threshold when bracketed by consecutive assessments. We develop estimation and inference procedures for fitting a proportional hazards regression model when both the outcome and a covariate are interval-censored, without imposing parametric assumptions on the baseline hazard functions. To accommodate participants with multiple episodes of ART initiation and interruption, we extend the proposed method to account for the clustering of repeated observations within individuals. We derive the asymptotic properties of the proposed method and evaluate its finite-sample performance through simulation studies. Applying the method to data from the Zurich Primary HIV Infection cohort, we find that a longer time to viral suppression during ART is associated with an increased hazard of viral rebound after ART interruption.

PMID:42077005 | DOI:10.1002/sim.70573

Health Commun. 2026 May 4:1-11. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2026.2666884. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how stigma surrounding depression is subtly produced in news discourse and how such communicative practices frame public representations of mental health. Drawing on a corpus-based discursive news values analysis integrated with multimodal analysis, we examine English-language media coverage of depression in China and the United States. Rather than relying on overtly negative labeling, stigma is enacted through implicit communicative strategies: expert voices dominate while people with lived experience are marginalized, referential patterns repeatedly associate depression with postpartum women and suicide, and visual resources index emotional distance and role-bound femininity. Together, these discursive and visual configurations constitute what we term silent stigma-a mode of meaning-making that constrains interpretive possibilities, structures audience stance, and normalizes limited social representations of depression. Cross-national comparison further reveals culturally patterned strategies. Chinese media tend to externalize depression through foreign exemplars and symbolic imagery, while U.S. media personalize it through maternal identity and individual narratives, reflecting different communicative logics of distancing versus individualization. The findings suggest communicative considerations for mental health reporting, including broadening narrative voices, avoiding narrow demographic framing, and adopting culturally responsive textual and visual strategies. The study thus contributes to health communication scholarship by showing how everyday media practices discursively configure the visibility and legitimacy of depression in public news discourse.

PMID:42076974 | DOI:10.1080/10410236.2026.2666884

Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2026 Jun;138(6):e70242. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.70242.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and spectrum of cardiotoxicity induced by various antiparkinsonian drugs based on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

METHODS: Data from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2025 were downloaded for disproportionality analysis. We employed validated disproportionality metrics including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) to detect significant drug-event associations.

RESULTS: After removing duplicates, a total of 42 583 cases of patients treated with antiparkinsonian drugs were included in the FAERS database. Dopamine receptor agonists exhibited the most extensive range of cardiac adverse events. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors displayed the second broadest range of toxicity. As for catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, a total of six signals were detected in entacapone. Four signals were detected for amantadine, while no signals were identified for levodopa.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the cardiovascular adverse reactions associated with Parkinson’s treatment drugs. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and evaluating the cardiovascular safety of antiparkinsonian medications.

PMID:42076927 | DOI:10.1111/bcpt.70242

Equine Vet J. 2026 May 4. doi: 10.1002/evj.70173. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine infusions are beneficial in anaesthetised endotoxaemic horses when administered concurrent to endotoxin, but post-conditioning effects are unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a dexmedetomidine infusion is beneficial in horses administered Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) endotoxin prior to anaesthesia.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomised controlled in vivo experiment.

METHODS: Ten systemically healthy horses were instrumented for acquisition of cardiac index (CI) using thermodilution. Horses received IV LPS (0.1 μg/kg bwt) immediately prior to anesthesia. Horses received IV xylazine (control, LPS; n = 5) or dexmedetomidine (treatment, LPS-Dex; n = 5), followed by IV ketamine and midazolam and sevoflurane in oxygen. In LPS-Dex, dexmedetomidine (1.75 μg/kg bwt/h IV) was administered and target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reduced (1.8% vs. 3% LPS). Cardiopulmonary function, acid-base, cytokine, and creatinine values were assessed every 30 min for 180 min. Data were compared between groups using mixed model analysis (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Mean ± standard deviation CI was significantly higher in LPS-Dex at 30 and 60 min (57.9 ± 15.6 mL/min/kg bwt versus 43.1 ± 9.4, 30 min, p = 0.03; 60.2 ± 11.8 mL/min/kg bwt versus 38.9 ± 11.2, 60 min, p = 0.003). Creatinine was elevated and significantly higher in LPS from 90 min onward but remained normal in LPS-Dex throughout (201 ± 38 μmol/L versus 124 ± 26, 180 min, p = 0.003). Significantly improved base excess values were seen in LPS-Dex at 150 and 180 min (2.9 ± 2 mmol/L versus 0.6 ± 1, 150 min, p = 0.03; 3.4 ± 1.96 mmol/L versus 0.6 ± 1.41, 180 min, p = 0.01). Cytokine concentrations were similar between groups.

MAIN LIMITATIONS: The experimental protocol is not representative of all surgical colics.

CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine infusion and concurrent reduction in inhalant anaesthetic could benefit anaesthetic management of horses even when endotoxaemia is already present.

PMID:42076924 | DOI:10.1002/evj.70173

Arthroplasty. 2026 May 4;8(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s42836-026-00382-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often shows a limited correlation with radiographic severity, complicating clinical assessment and highlighting the relevance of central pain mechanisms. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables the investigation of brain regions such as the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, which are increasingly recognized as key components of the affective-motivational dimension of chronic pain and may show differential activation across clinical treatment contexts. This study is part of the HOLOA Project (Clinical and virtual examination of patients for holistic and objective description of the osteoarthritis progression mechanisms).

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study nested within the HOLOA cohort. Thirty-one patients with KOA (20 managed conservatively [CM] and 11 observed in the surgical treatment context) with Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grades 2-3 were included. Participants underwent two fMRI paradigms involving pressure stimulation (Knee Interline and Tibial Surface tests). Clinical assessment included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between clinical measures and brain activation patterns.

RESULTS: Groups were broadly comparable with no statistically significant differences in demographic or radiographic severity measures. These patients showed higher WOMAC and PCS scores, indicating greater functional impairment and pain catastrophizing. Across the whole cohort, painful stimulation elicited robust activation of classical pain-processing regions, while no significant amygdala or nucleus accumbens activation was observed at the group level. However, nucleus accumbens activity was positively associated with PCS scores. In between-group analyses, patients observed in the surgical treatment context exhibited significant bilateral amygdala activation during Tibial Surface stimulation, which was absent in the conservatively managed group, and reported higher post-test NRS scores.

CONCLUSION: Limbic system activation and pain catastrophizing were associated with the surgical treatment context in patients with knee osteoarthritis within a similar range of radiographic severity. The observed involvement of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens underscores the relevance of affective-motivational and cognitive processes in chronic KOA pain. These findings support the value of integrating clinical, psychological, and neurobiological perspectives when interpreting symptom burden and treatment context in knee osteoarthritis.

PMID:42071267 | DOI:10.1186/s42836-026-00382-x

J Act Sedentary Sleep Behav. 2026 May 3. doi: 10.1186/s44167-026-00103-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early childhood is a critical period for establishing healthy movement behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen time, and sleep. Childcare represents a key setting for shaping these behaviours, as many young children spend a substantial proportion of their waking hours in these environments. This study provides a national overview of movement behaviour policies in Canadian childcare facilities and examines associations with facility characteristics and provincial/territorial legislation.

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by directors/owners of childcare facilities across Canada (n = 1,340). Respondents reported on the presence and characteristics of written policies across physical activity, sedentary behaviour/screen time, and sleep domains, along with facility characteristics. Descriptive statistics summarized policy prevalence, and thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended responses. Logistic regression models examined associations between facility characteristics (urbanicity, childcare type, enrolment size, daily fees) and the presence of written movement behaviour policies, as well as associations with explicit mention of these behaviours in provincial/territorial legislation.

RESULTS: Written policies were reported by 50.0% of facilities for overall physical activity, 61.1% for providing no screen time, and 68.7% for outdoor physical activity; fewer reported policies limiting prolonged seated time (17.0%) or ensuring age-appropriate nap durations (46.6%). Policies addressing educator professional development and family education were uncommon (< 21% and < 12%, respectively). Facilities in jurisdictions without explicit movement behaviour legislation were significantly less likely to report written policies for overall physical activity, prolonged seated time, and nap duration (p < .01). Urbanicity (p = .044) and enrolment size (p = .027) were associated with the presence of physical activity and nap duration policies, respectively, while family-/home-based childcare facilities had substantially lower odds of reporting a no screen time policy (OR = 0.22, p < .001) and higher odds of reporting a policy for prolonged seated time (OR = 1.94, p = .033) compared to centre-based facilities.

CONCLUSION: Movement behaviour policies in Canadian childcare settings are inconsistent and strongly shaped by governance and childcare context. While policies for physical activity and outdoor play are common, formal guidance for sedentary behaviour, screen time, sleep, and educator and family education remain limited. Greater coordination, implementation supports, and investment in professional learning may promote more equitable movement opportunities for young children in Canada.

PMID:42071266 | DOI:10.1186/s44167-026-00103-4

Br J Nutr. 2026 May 4:1-28. doi: 10.1017/S0007114526107326. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Flavanones represent a significant subgroup of flavonoids and offer various advantages for the human body, such as aiding in metabolic regulation and providing antioxidant properties. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between dietary flavanones and the prevalence of kidney stones among adults in the United States. Flavanones, including eriodictyol, hesperetin, and naringenin, were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007-2010 and 2017-2018, utilizing two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The definition of kidney stones was established through a self-administered questionnaire. To evaluate the relationships between dietary flavanones and kidney stones, a variety of statistical methods were utilized, such as multivariable regression analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analysis. Data from 9,790 participants were included in this analysis, with 9.67% of them indicating that they had experienced kidney stones. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was found that kidney stones exhibited a negative correlation with total flavanones and naringenin, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.00) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.99) for the highest intake group compared to the lowest intake group. The RCS plot revealed a notable negative linear association between the consumption levels of total dietary flavanones and the risk of kidney stones, including naringenin. The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that no significant interactions were observed in each subgroup. Our research indicated that a higher intake of flavanones correlates with a lowered prevalence of kidney stones in adults.

PMID:42071263 | DOI:10.1017/S0007114526107326

BMC Nutr. 2026 May 4. doi: 10.1186/s40795-026-01344-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescence presents an opportunity for nutritional intervention especially among girls whose physical and cognitive development during this period has lifelong implications. In this cross-sectional study, the interrelationship between dietary diversity, nutritional status, anaemia and cognitive performance among 181 adolescent girls in public schools in Southern Ghana were examined.

METHODS: The study employed structured questionnaires to collect sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements to assess nutritional status, haemoglobin testing to determine anaemia status and Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices to evaluate cognitive performance. Data analysis was conducted using R version 4.4.2 to explore the relationship between food quality, nutritional markers and cognitive outcomes.

RESULTS: The mean dietary diversity score was 5.7 ± 1.9, and nearly one in three participants was either underweight or overweight, indicating a double burden of malnutrition. Anaemia affected 18.4% of the participants, primarily in mild or moderate forms, while 14% demonstrated poor cognitive performance. A consistent and significant inverse relationship was observed between dietary diversity and poor cognition. Though not statistically significant, each unit increase in dietary diversity was associated with a 19% reduction in the odds of poor cognitive performance (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65-1.01, p = 0.056). Mid-adolescents (14-16 years) were significantly less likely to be malnourished compared to early adolescents (10-13 years) (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.86, p = 0.017). Normal BMI-for-age z-scores (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.23-1.66, p = 0.329) and higher hemoglobin levels (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.46-1.07, p = 0.081) were associated with reduced odds of poor cognitive performance; however, these associations were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: In contexts where nutrition insecurity and educational inequalities converge, school-based interventions that promote diverse diets and screen for anaemia could improve adolescent health and academic outcomes.

PMID:42071247 | DOI:10.1186/s40795-026-01344-x

J Orthop Surg Res. 2026 May 3. doi: 10.1186/s13018-026-06911-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of zoledronic acid combined with simvastatin on postoperative functional recovery in elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 150 elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures who underwent proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) fixation between May 2022 and May 2024. According to postoperative pharmacological regimens, patients were assigned to a conventional group (n = 79), receiving zoledronic acid alone, or a combination group (n = 71), receiving zoledronic acid plus oral simvastatin.Harris Hip Score (HHS), visual analogue scale(VAS)for pain, and serum bone metabolism markers, includingβ-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D], and osteocalcin, were assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The occurrence of internal fixation failure and refracture was also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using R software.

RESULTS: HHS scores increased progressively at postoperative assessment time points in both groups, whereas VAS scores showed a gradual decline. At 3 and 6 months after surgery, the combination group exhibited higher HHS scores than the conventional group (P < 0.05). 3 months after surgery, the VAS score in the combined group was lower than that in the conventional group (P < 0.05). With respect to bone metabolism, postoperative levels ofβ-CTX, PINP, and osteocalcin decreased over time in both groups, while 25 (OH) D levels increased.Differences in several bone metabolism indicators were observed between groups at postoperative time points. The proportions of internal fixation failure and refracture were lower in the combination group; however, the between-group differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: In elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with PFNA, postoperative administration of zoledronic acid combined with simvastatin was associated with better hip function, favorable changes in bone metabolism and greater short-term improvement in postoperative pain compared with zoledronic acid alonebone metabolism.

PMID:42071246 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-026-06911-3

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2026 May 3. doi: 10.1186/s13034-026-01083-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has emerged as a significant behavioral concern among youth, yet global prevalence estimates remain inconsistent due to methodological variability. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the global pooled prevalence of IGD in children and adolescents.

METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and prospective registration in PROSPERO (CRD420251156483) prior to data extraction and analysis, comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO up to September 2025. Eligible observational studies assessed IGD prevalence in individuals aged 6-18 years using standardized diagnostic instruments based on DSM-5 or ICD-11 criteria. A random-effects meta-analysis (DerSimonian and Laird method) with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used to pool prevalence estimates. Between-study heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s regression test.

RESULTS: Nineteen studies involving 251,037 participants and 26,868 IGD cases met the inclusion criteria. The pooled global prevalence of IGD among children and adolescents was 10% (95% CI: 6-15%). Individual study estimates ranged from approximately 1% in some European populations to over 25% in studies conducted in Middle Eastern and Latin American settings. Heterogeneity was extreme (I² = 99.7%), and smaller studies tended to report higher prevalence.

CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in ten children and adolescents worldwide meet criteria for IGD, underscoring its growing significance as a global mental health concern. Given the substantial heterogeneity observed, the pooled estimate should be interpreted as an average across diverse contexts rather than a uniform global rate. These findings highlight the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, culturally sensitive preventive interventions, and early identification strategies to mitigate long-term psychosocial impact.

PMID:42071239 | DOI:10.1186/s13034-026-01083-8