Tag: pubmed

J Cancer Surviv. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s11764-022-01309-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to examine whether receipt of follow-up care plans is associated with greater guideline-concordant CRC screening stratified by breast, prostate, and lung cancer survivors.

METHODS: We used data from years 2016, 2018, and 2020 of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System on 3339 eligible treatment-utilizing cancer survivors with complete treatment. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression to examine the mentioned association.

RESULTS: We observed that 83.9% of breast and 88.2% of prostate cancer survivors with follow-care plans received CRC screening (p-value < 0.001). The lowest CRC screening use was observed among lung cancer (70.8%). In multivariable analysis, receipt of follow-up care plans was strongly associated with greater odds of receiving CRC screening in breast (OR, 2.67; 95% CI: 1.71-4.16) and prostate (OR, 3.81; 95% CI: 2.30-6.31) cancer survivors. Regardless of provider type, 84 to 88% reduced likelihood of receipt of CRC screening when they received follow-up care plans among lung cancer survivors. Among those without follow-up care plans, breast (OR, 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.92) and lung (OR, 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.25) cancer survivors who received care from general practices were less likely to receive CRC screening compared to those who received care from non-general practices.

CONCLUSIONS: Receipt of follow-up care plans was associated with greater CRC screening use in breast and prostate cancers. Lung cancer survivors demonstrated lower screening use despite receipt of follow-up care plans.

IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Patient and provider communication regarding CRC screening recommendation should be included in their follow-up care plans.

PMID:36574189 | DOI:10.1007/s11764-022-01309-6

Arch Osteoporos. 2022 Dec 27;18(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s11657-022-01204-8.

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the vitamin D status among women in South-East Oases of Morocco. Two hundred thirty-three healthy volunteer women were recruited at five urban and rural health centers. Hypovitaminosis D is very common in this region and correlated to age, monthly income, skin color, daily sun exposure, BMI, and body fat percentage.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the vitamin D status among women in the Draa-Tafilalet region and its relationship with clinical, anthropometric, and behavioral parameters.

METHODS: The study was carried out with 233 women in consultation at five urban and rural health centers in the South-East region of Morocco. The data collected relate to age, monthly income, educational level, BMI, body fat percentage, daily sun exposure, physical activity level, veil wear, and skin color. The plasma determination of vitamin D was measured by immunofluorescence. Statistical analyses were performed using Python and Jamovi.

RESULTS: The median 25(OH)D plasma concentration was 9.95 ng/mL (IQR: 8-13.18). A total of 50.64% of women had 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/ml and 47.21% had levels between 10 and 30 ng/mL. Statistical tests showed an association between hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels and age (r = – 0.139; p = 0.034), monthly income (p = 0.001), BMI (r = – 0.200; p = 0.002), body fat percentage (r = – 0.131; p = 0.049), daily sun exposure (r = 0.165; p = 0.012), and skin color (p < 0.001). Binomial logistic regression showed that darker skin was associated with vitamin D deficiency (< 10 ng/mL). It also showed that high income and longer sun exposure could be protecting factors against vitamin D deficiency.

CONCLUSION: The plasma concentrations of vitamin D in women in the Draa-Tafilalet region were low compared to expected results for a high sunshine time area.

PMID:36574180 | DOI:10.1007/s11657-022-01204-8

J Physiol Biochem. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s13105-022-00940-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a major contributor to the silent and progressive development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) whose prevention could be improved if individuals at risk were identified earlier. Our aim is to identify early phenotypes that precede T2D in diet-induced obese minipigs. We fed four groups of minipigs (n = 5-10) either normal-fat or high-fat high-sugar diet during 2, 4, or 6 months. Morphometric features were recorded, and metabolomics and clinical parameters were assessed on fasting plasma samples. Multivariate statistical analysis on 46 morphometrical and clinical parameters allowed to differentiate 4 distinct phenotypes: NFC (control group) and three others (HF2M, HF4M, HF6M) corresponding to the different stages of the obesity progression. Compared to NFC, we observed a rapid progression of body weight and fat mass (4-, 7-, and tenfold) in obese phenotypes. Insulin resistance (IR; 2.5-fold increase of HOMA-IR) and mild dyslipidemia (1.2- and twofold increase in total cholesterol and HDL) were already present in the HF2M and remained stable in HF4M and HF6M. Plasma metabolome revealed subtle changes of 23 metabolites among the obese groups, including a progressive switch in energy metabolism from amino acids to lipids, and a transient increase in de novo lipogenesis and TCA-related metabolites in HF2M. Low anti-oxidative capacities and anti-inflammatory response metabolites were found in the HF4M, and a perturbed hexose metabolism was observed in HF6M. Overall, we show that IR and progressively obese minipigs reveal phenotype-specific metabolomic signatures for which some of the identified metabolites could be considered as potential biomarkers of early progression to TD2.

PMID:36574151 | DOI:10.1007/s13105-022-00940-2

Endocrine. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03265-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the major metabolite for ascertaining vitamin D status, which circulates bound to a specific carrier (vitamin D-binding protein – VDBP). A portion that circulates unbound vary according to the VDBP genotype. This study evaluates the behavior of different forms of 25(OH)D, before and after supplementation with 14,000 IU of vitamin D3, weekly for 12 weeks, in individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism and controls. Fifty-six patients with active primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 64 paired controls (CTRL), not taking vitamin D3 for the last three months, were enrolled. The genetic isotypes of VDBP were determined to calculate bioavailable and free 25(OH)D. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. There were no statistical differences in free, bioavailable, and total 25(OH)D levels between PHPT and CTRL groups at baseline. The distribution of VDBP haplotypes 1s/1s, 1f/1f, 1s/1f, 2/2, 1s/2, and 1f/2 was similar between groups. After supplementation, all three forms of 25(OH)D proportionally increased within each group, although the percentage increment was lower in the PHPT group (p < 0.05). Total 25(OH)D is better correlated with PTH in the PHPT group than bioavailable and free 25(OH)D (r = -0.41; p < 0.05). The concentrations of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D were similar in both PHPT and CTRL groups, and all forms increased proportionally after supplementation, although this increment percentage was higher in the CTRL group, with a subsequent reduction of PTH and AP. Total 25(OH)D correlated better with PTH than other forms, suggesting no advantages in measuring free or bioavailable 25(OH)D in these situations.

PMID:36574149 | DOI:10.1007/s12020-022-03265-8

AMB Express. 2022 Dec 27;12(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13568-022-01504-9.

ABSTRACT

Human enterokinase light chain (hEKL) cDNA sequence was designed with the help of codon optimization towards Escherichia coli codon preference and ribosome binding site design and artificially synthesized with a thioredoxin fusion tag at the N-terminal and a five his-tag peptide at the C-terminal. The synthetic hEKL gene was cloned into the pET-15 expression vector and transferred into the three different expression strains of E. coli BL21(DE3), NiCo21, and SHuffle T7 Express. Different growth and induction conditions were studied using a statistical response surface methodology (RSM). Recombinant hEKL protein was expressed at high levels in soluble form with 0.71 mM IPTG after 4 h of induction at 25 °C. Autocatalytic process cleaved TRX tag with enterokinase recognition site by the impure hEKL and yielded the mature enzyme. The target protein was then purified to homogeneity (> 95%) by affinity chromatography. The activity of hEKL was comparable to the commercial enzyme. From 1 L culture, 80 mg pure active hEKL was obtained with the specific activity of 6.25 × 10² U/mg. Three main parameters that help us to produce the enzyme in the folded and active form are the type of strain, SHuffle T7 strain, TRX and histidine fusion tags, and growth conditions including the increase of OD of induction and IPTG concentration and the decrease of induction temperature.

PMID:36574134 | DOI:10.1186/s13568-022-01504-9

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24873-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to develop a chitosan-zinc oxide nano-adsorbent-coated sand (CZOCS) filter bed for getting rid of milk processing industry wastewater (MPIW) in a safe way. Chitosan zinc oxide nano-adsorbent (CZnO) of 88.35 ± 2.89 d.nm size was used to coat naturally available sand through a calcination process at 200 °C for a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The characteristics of the diffraction peaks and functional groups are attributed to the nature of CZnO loading on the sand surface. The increase in breakthrough and exhaustion times is caused by the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of influent having more time to interact with the adsorbent as bed height increases, resulting in higher reduction efficiencies. Lower bed heights (10 cm) which saturate faster than higher bed heights (40 cm) result in a shorter mass transfer time. Adsorption capacity at the 95% column exhaustion point increased from 611.04 to 1089.63 mg/g for BOD and from 4512.29 to 5600.81 mg/g for COD. Different kinds of kinetic models have been used to forecast breakthrough curves employing experimental data. Statistical and error function parameters were used to choose the best-fit model. Among the models investigated, the Thomas model was shown to be the best-fit with the highest R-square values of 0.9942 and 0.9939. The CZOCS has high reusability and could be used for up to six cycles of organic pollutant adsorption. Aside from that, novel CZOCS could be used to clean real MPIW, and making it one of the most promising adsorbents.

PMID:36574133 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-24873-x

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24816-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CO₂ emissions have become a topical issue worldwide, but few studies have considered the spatial effect of income on carbon emissions and explored the relationship between CO₂ emissions and income by establishing direct, indirect, and total environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). Using an annual panel dataset collected over the 1997-2017 period in China, this study first analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary process of CO₂ emissions and subsequently developed direct, indirect, and total EKC-based spatial Durbin model (SDM) and partial derivative approach. These results indicate that, first, CO₂ emissions have characteristic positive spatial autocorrelation, with gravity centers that have shifted westward. Second, the direct EKC forms a line, while the total EKC resembles a lying-S shape as well as the total EKC, which indicates that compared to local economic growth, neighboring growth plays a very different role in impacting local CO₂ emissions. Furthermore, neighboring economic growth seems to have stronger impacts on local emissions, and the turning point of the total EKC comes much earlier than that of the conventional EKC due to the spillover effects of economic growth. Finally, the growth of the population, as well as the rise of energy intensity, can stimulate CO₂ emissions in both local and neighboring regions. Industrialization seems to have a nonsignificant impact on emission changes due to the offsetting effects of the positive direct and negative indirect impacts of the share of secondary industry. Improvements in local urbanization may lead to an increase in emissions, while neighboring improvements may have stronger restricting effects; thus, urbanization improvement is beneficial to emissions reduction. This study provides more scientific information from both local and neighboring perspectives, which may differ from conventional results but still be beneficial for emissions reduction policy-makers to introduce corresponding measures.

PMID:36574123 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-24816-6

Radiol Med. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s11547-022-01580-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a 3D-convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) model based on chest CT for differentiating active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chest CT images of APTB and CAP patients diagnosed in two imaging centers (n = 432 in center A and n = 61 in center B) were collected retrospectively. The data in center A were divided into training, validation and internal test sets, and the data in center B were used as an external test set. A 3D-CNN was built using Keras deep learning framework. After the training, the 3D-CNN selected the model with the highest accuracy in the validation set as the optimal model, which was applied to the two test sets in centers A and B. In addition, the two test sets were independently diagnosed by two radiologists. The 3D-CNN optimal model was compared with the discrimination, calibration and net benefit of the two radiologists in differentiating APTB from CAP using chest CT images.

RESULTS: The accuracy of the 3D-CNN optimal model was 0.989 and 0.934 with the internal and external test set, respectively. The area-under-the-curve values with the 3D-CNN model in the two test sets were statistically higher than that of the two radiologists (all P < 0.05), and there was a high calibration degree. The decision curve analysis showed that the 3D-CNN optimal model had significantly higher net benefit for patients than the two radiologists.

CONCLUSIONS: 3D-CNN has high classification performance in differentiating APTB from CAP using chest CT images. The application of 3D-CNN provides a new automatic and rapid diagnosis method for identifying patients with APTB from CAP using chest CT images.

PMID:36574111 | DOI:10.1007/s11547-022-01580-8

Clin Exp Nephrol. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s10157-022-02295-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: High-risk screening for Fabry disease in dialysis patients is an effective means for reducing the number of undiagnosed cases. However, such screening has not been conducted in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Herein, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of Fabry disease among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Chiba Prefecture by high-risk screening using α-galactosidase A (αGal A) activity measurement, and examine the hemodialysis effect on αGal A activity.

METHODS: Patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis at 25 facilities in Chiba Prefecture were recruited. The αGal A activity was measured using the dried blood spot (DBS) test as the first screening. If the enzyme activity was lower than the cut-off, the second screening was performed with the same method before and after dialysis.

RESULTS: Overall, 2924 patients (2036 men and 888 women) were included from which 94 cases (45 men and 48 women) showed decreased αGAL activity in the first screening and 3 (two men and one women) in the second screening. Genetic testing was performed in 3 patients, and the c.1078G > A mutation in GLA gene was detected in one male patient (0.03%). There has been a statistically significant decrease in αGal A activity of DBS at post-dialysis compared to that at pre-dialysis (20.5 ± 10.4 pmol/h/disk and 22.7 ± 11.5 pmol/h/disk, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Fabry disease among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Chiba Prefecture was estimated as 0.03%. This is the first time that dialysis has been shown to affect the αGal A activity.

PMID:36574104 | DOI:10.1007/s10157-022-02295-w

Clin Exp Nephrol. 2022 Dec 27. doi: 10.1007/s10157-022-02302-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Interstitial nephritis is a common cause of renal failure. Gallium-67 scintigraphy is reportedly useful for diagnosing interstitial nephritis; however, its ability to assess disease activity remains unknown. We aimed to analyze the relationship between the renal uptake of gallium-67 and the disease activity in interstitial nephritis.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent gallium-67 scintigraphy at a hospital in Tokyo. The renal uptake adjusted for the soft tissues beneath the kidneys was semi-quantitatively evaluated. We compared the renal uptake levels between patients clinically diagnosed with and without interstitial nephritis. Among those undergoing renal biopsy, we evaluated the predictive ability of gallium-67 scintigraphy and analyzed the renal uptake levels regarding the disease activity through a histopathological analysis.

RESULTS: We included 143 patients; among them, 30, 17, and 96 patients were clinically diagnosed with interstitial nephritis, other kidney diseases, and non-kidney diseases, respectively. The renal uptake of gallium-67 was the highest among patients with interstitial nephritis. Among the 25 patients who underwent renal biopsy, 15 were pathologically diagnosed with interstitial nephritis. The renal uptake levels showed a high discriminative ability (C-statistic: 0.83). Furthermore, net reclassification improvement with the addition of gallium-67 scintigraphy to N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase for the prediction of interstitial nephritis was 1.14. Histopathological analysis revealed a positive correlation between renal uptake and inflammation in the cortex and peritubular capillaries.

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the diagnostic value and potential usefulness of gallium-67 scintigraphy for evaluating interstitial nephritis.

PMID:36574102 | DOI:10.1007/s10157-022-02302-0