Tag: pubmed

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23997-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Hematologic parameters are important indicators for monitoring the physiological changes and human health. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) exhibit toxic effects and can affect hematologic parameters. However, the effects of exposure to NEOs metabolites on hematologic parameters in the general population remain unknown. We examined the relationship between NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters using a cross-sectional study design in 1397 adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. The levels of NEOs metabolites in urine and hematologic makers were measured. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the relationship between exposure to NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters. Detectable urine levels of clothianidin (CLO) was inversely associated with hematocrit (β = – 0.689; 95% CI: – 1.335, – 0.042). Detectability of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (HIMI) was inversely correlated with basophil percentage (β = – 0.093; 95% CI: – 0.180, – 0.007). N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDE) was related to reduced white blood cells (WBC) (β = – 0.419; 95% CI: – 0.764, – 0.074) and neutrophil counts (β = – 0.349; 95% CI: – 0.623, – 0.074). Imidacloprid-equivalent total neonicotinoids (IMIeq) was negatively related to red blood cells (RBC) (β = – 0.058; 95% CI: – 0.097, – 0.020), hemoglobin (β = – 0.149; 95% CI: – 0.282, – 0.015), and hematocrit (β = – 0.484; 95% CI: – 0.855, – 0.113). We also observed that exposure to NEOs metabolites was sex specifically related to hematologic alterations. For example, IMIeq was associated with reduced basophil counts (β = – 0.016; 95% CI: – 0.028, – 0.003), basophil percentage (β = – 0.092; 95% CI: – 0.169, – 0.016), RBC (β = – 0.097; 95% CI: – 0.156, – 0.038), hemoglobin (β = – 0.200; 95% CI: – 0.355, – 0.045), and hematocrit (β = – 0.605; 95% CI: – 1.111, – 0.098) only in males. These results provide the first evidence that exposure to NEOs metabolites can disturb hematologic homeostasis in the general population, and the effects may be sex specific.

PMID:36367654 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-23997-4

Bull Math Biol. 2022 Nov 11;84(12):146. doi: 10.1007/s11538-022-01105-4.

ABSTRACT

The statistics of COVID-19 cases exhibits seasonal fluctuations in many countries. In this paper, we propose a COVID-19 epidemic model with seasonality and define the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] for the disease transmission. It is proved that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text], while the disease is uniformly persistent and there exists at least one positive periodic solution when [Formula: see text]. Numerically, we observe that there is a globally asymptotically stable positive periodic solution in the case of [Formula: see text]. Further, we conduct a case study of the COVID-19 transmission in the USA by using statistical data.

PMID:36367626 | DOI:10.1007/s11538-022-01105-4

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-022-04197-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article was to investigate the level of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its relationship with suicidal symptoms and severity in mentally ill suicide attempt patients, and to explore the possible role of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the occurrence of psychotic suicidal behavior. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with depression in the neurology department of a hospital. General physical examination, neurological specialist examination, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were performed on any selected group. We applied the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Mini-Intelligence Mental State Scale, and performed polysomnography and electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring to conduct statistical analysis on sleep indicators. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values of the right frontal gyrus, left posterior cerebellar lobe, right anterior cerebellar lobe, and right occipital lingual gyrus of the patient group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The ReHo values of the right superior parietal lobule, the left precuneus, and the right occipital lingual gyrus were significantly higher than those of the control group. The genotype and allele frequency distribution of FKBP5, AVPR1B, and CRHR2 gene SNPs had no significant difference between the case group and the control group (P > 0.05). The ReHo value of the precuneus is significantly correlated with the proportion of N3 sleep, and the dysfunction of the precuneus or default network may be related to the altered sleep structure in patients with depression. The GT and TT genotypes at rs9324924 of the NR3C1 gene are associated with suicide attempts.

PMID:36367618 | DOI:10.1007/s12010-022-04197-9

AIDS Behav. 2022 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s10461-022-03851-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

HIV/HCV prevention among people who inject drugs (PWID) is of key public health importance. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 and associated response measures on HIV/HCV prevention services and socio-economic status of PWID in high-HIV-risk sites. Sites with recent (2011-2019) HIV outbreaks among PWID in Europe North America and Israel, that had been previously identified, were contacted early May 2020. Out of 17 sites invited to participate, 13 accepted. Semi-structured qualitative site reports were prepared covering data from March to May 2020, analyzed/coded and confirmed with a structured questionnaire, in which all sites explicitly responded to all 103 issues reported in the qualitative reports. Opioid maintenance treatment, needle/syringe programs and antiretroviral treatment /hepatitis C treatment continued, but with important reductions and operational changes. Increases in overdoses, widespread difficulties with food and hygiene needs, disruptions in drug supply, and increased homelessness were reported. Service programs rapidly reformed long established, and politically entrenched, restrictive service delivery policies. Future epidemic control measures should include mitigation of negative side-effects on service provision and socio-economic determinants in PWID.

PMID:36367613 | DOI:10.1007/s10461-022-03851-x

Environ Geochem Health. 2022 Nov 11. doi: 10.1007/s10653-022-01429-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Climate change has a significant impact on the intensity and spread of dengue outbreaks. The objective of this study is to assess the number of dengue transmission suitable days (DTSD) in Pakistan for the baseline (1976-2005) and future (2006-2035, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099) periods under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios. Moreover, potential spatiotemporal shift and future hotspots of DTSD due to climate change were also identified. The analysis is based on fourteen CMIP5 models that have been downscaled and bias-corrected with quantile delta mapping technique, which addresses data stationarity constraints while preserving future climate signal. The results show a higher DTSD during the monsoon season in the baseline in the study area except for Sindh (SN) and South Punjab (SP). In future periods, there is a temporal shift (extension) towards pre- and post-monsoon. During the baseline period, the top ten hotspot cities with a higher frequency of DTSD are Karachi, Hyderabad, Sialkot, Jhelum, Lahore, Islamabad, Balakot, Peshawar, Kohat, and Faisalabad. However, as a result of climate change, there is an elevation-dependent shift in DTSD to high-altitude cities, e.g. in the 2020s, Kotli, Muzaffarabad, and Drosh; in the 2050s, Garhi Dopatta, Quetta, and Zhob; and in the 2080s, Chitral and Bunji. Karachi, Islamabad, and Balakot will remain highly vulnerable to dengue outbreaks for all the future periods of the twenty-first century. Our findings also indicate that DTSD would spread across Pakistan, particularly in areas where we have never seen dengue infections previously. The good news is that the DTSD in current hotspot cities is projected to decrease in the future due to climate change. There is also a temporal shift in the region during the post- and pre-monsoon season, which provides suitable breeding conditions for dengue mosquitos due to freshwater; therefore, local authorities need to take adaption and mitigation actions.

PMID:36367603 | DOI:10.1007/s10653-022-01429-z

Sex Transm Dis. 2022 Nov 11. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001735. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Whether treatment, engagement in partner notification (PN), and PN outcomes differ between clients of internet-based and clinic-based testing services is poorly understood. We compared these outcomes between people diagnosed with chlamydia and/or gonorrhea (CT/GC) through a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic service and GetCheckedOnline GCO), an internet based testing service in British Columbia (BC).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study among CT/GC cases where each case diagnosed through GCO in 2016-2017 was matched to two STI clinic cases by diagnosis, gender, age group, and specimen collection date. Data was collected through chart review with outcomes compared using appropriate statistical tests.

RESULTS: Of 257 GCO and 514 matched clinic cases, case treatment was high and did not differ between GCO (254/257, 98.9%) and clinic (513/514, 99.8%) cases, as was engagement in partner notification (250/257 (97.2%) vs. 496/514 (96.5%)). There was no difference in the proportion of notified partners between GCO (159/270, 58.9%) and clinic cases (253/435, 58.2%) although a greater proportion of partners reported by clinic cases were notified by STI nurses (43/435, 9.9%) vs. GCO cases (6/270, 2.2%).

CONCLUSIONS: GCO clients diagnosed with CT/GC demonstrated similar treatment uptake and engagement in PN to clinic clients, and PN outcomes did not differ. The greater reliance on STI clinic nurses for partner notification among clinic clients may be related to having had an initial in-person testing visit.

PMID:36367543 | DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001735

World Neurosurg. 2022 Sep 19:S1878-8750(22)01345-6. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.068. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical outcomes and fusion rate following spinal fusion surgery in patients with chronic kidney disease and assess the impact of kidney function.

METHODS: From March 2017 to February 2021, 54 consecutive adult patients with chronic kidney disease who underwent spinal fusion surgery were enrolled. According to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories, 35 and 19 patients were classified into the non-end-stage renal disease (ESRD) group (GFR categories 3a-4; eGFR, 15-59 mL/min/1.73 m²) and ESRD group (GFR category 5; eGFR, <15 mL/min/1.73 m²), respectively.

RESULTS: Baseline characteristics did not differ between the groups. The lumbar and thoracolumbar spines were the most operated. The mean number of fused vertebrae (4.9 ± 2.3 vs. 4.1 ± 2.0, P = 0.122), operative time (228.4 ± 129.6 min vs. 160.5 ± 87.5 min, P = 0.113), and surgical bleeding (743.1 ± 630.5 mL vs. 539.5 ± 384.4 mL, P = 0.354) did not differ between the groups. However, occurrence rates of medical complications (25.7% vs. 52.6%, P = 0.048) and 3-month readmission (8.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.045) were significantly different between the groups. While the 3-month mortality (10.5% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.28) and pseudarthrosis rates (35.3% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.047) were higher in the ESRD group, the difference was not statistically significant for the former entity.

CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons should consider the possibility of high morbidity and pseudarthrosis associated with spine surgeries when operating on patients with ESRD.

PMID:36367477 | DOI:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.068

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Feb 5;443(Pt A):130218. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130218. Epub 2022 Oct 20.

ABSTRACT

Although significant headway has been achieved regarding method harmonisation for the analysis of microplastics, analysis and interpretation of control data has largely been overlooked. There is currently no consensus on the best method to utilise data generated from controls, and consequently many methods are arbitrarily employed. This study identified 6 commonly implemented strategies: a) No correction; b) Subtraction; c) Mean Subtraction; d) Spectral Similarity; e) Limits of detection/ limits of quantification (LOD/LOQ) or f) Statistical analysis, of which many variations are possible. Here, the 6 core methods and 45 variant methods (n = 51) thereof were used to correct a dummy dataset using control data. Most of the methods tested were too inflexible to account for the inherent variation present in microplastic data. Only 7 of the 51 methods tested (six LOD/LOQ methods and one statistical method) showed promise, removing between 96.3 % and 100 % of the contamination data from the dummy set. The remaining 44 methods resulted in deficient corrections for background contamination due to the heterogeneity of microplastics. These methods should be avoided in the future to avoid skewed results, especially in low abundance samples. Overall, LOD/LOQ methods or statistical analysis comparing means are recommended for future use in microplastic studies.

PMID:36367473 | DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130218

Kidney Int. 2022 Oct 28:S0085-2538(22)00910-3. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.08.040. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In FIDELITY, a pre-specified pooled analysis of the FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD studies, finerenone was found to improve cardiorenal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, a urine albumin-to creatinine ratio of 30-5000 mg/g, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25 ml/min/1.73 m² or more and also receiving optimized renin-angiotensin system blockade treatment. This present analysis focused on the efficacy and safety of finerenone on kidney outcomes. Among 13,026 patients with a median follow-up of three years, finerenone significantly reduced the hazard of a kidney composite outcome (time to kidney failure, sustained 57% or more decrease in eGFR from baseline, or kidney death) by 23% versus placebo (hazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.88), with a three-year absolute between group difference of (1.7%; 0.7-2.6). Hazard ratios were directionally consistent for a pre-specified baseline eGFR and urine albumin to creatinine ratio categories (P-interaction 0.62 and P-interaction 0.67, respectively), although there was a high degree of uncertainty in the 30-300 mg/g subgroup. Finerenone significantly reduced the hazard of kidney failure by 20% versus placebo (0.80; 0.64-0.99). Adverse events were similar between treatment arms although hyperkalemia, leading to treatment discontinuation, occurred significantly more frequently with finerenone versus placebo (2.4% vs 0.8% and 0.6% vs 0.3% in patients with eGFR under vs 60 ml/min/1.73 m² and over, respectively). Thus, finerenone improved kidney outcomes, reduced the hazard of kidney failure, and is well tolerated in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

PMID:36367466 | DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2022.08.040

Radiol Imaging Cancer. 2022 Nov;4(6):e220053. doi: 10.1148/rycan.220053.

ABSTRACT

Purpose To evaluate the short-term safety of a nonmetallic twinkle marker and compare its conspicuity at color Doppler US with that of standard breast biopsy clips and radioactive seeds by using B-mode US in axillary lymph nodes. Materials and Methods This prospective study (November 2020-July 2021) of participants with node-positive breast cancer who completed chemotherapy involved placing a twinkle marker at the time of preoperative radioactive seed localization. A five-point scoring system (1 = easiest, 5 = most difficult) was used to rate the ease of identifying the clip, seed, and twinkle marker on postlocalization sonograms, mammograms, specimen radiographs, and gross pathologic specimens. Descriptive statistics were used. Results Eight women (mean age, 57 years ± 16 [SD]) were enrolled. The median scores for US conspicuity of each device were 3.9 (range, 3.7-5.0) for the radioactive seed, 2.4 (range, 1.0-5.0) for the clip, and 2.0 (range, 1.0-4.3) for the twinkle marker. In six of eight participants, the twinkle marker was the most identifiable at US. The seeds, clips, and twinkle markers were scored “very easy” to identify on seven of eight postlocalization mammograms. The surgeon retrieved all eight twinkle markers 1-3 days after localization. In all 16 interpretations, the seeds, clips, and twinkle markers were rated as very easy to identify on specimen radiographs. The clip was the most difficult device to identify at pathologic examination in all participants, and the twinkle marker was the easiest to identify in seven of eight participants. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that the safety and ease of US detection of a twinkling tissue marker may be comparable to a biopsy clip. Keywords: Ultrasonography, US-Doppler, Breast, Localization, Surgery Clinical trial registration no. NCT04674852 © RSNA, 2022.

PMID:36367449 | DOI:10.1148/rycan.220053