Tag: pubmed

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Oct 20. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-02144-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Understanding epidemiological patterns in patients with severe sports-related injuries between children and adults is important for injury prevention. We ought to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe sports-related injuries and compare the characteristics between children and adults.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). We included patients with sports-related injury and an ISS of at least 16, who were admitted between 2004 and 2018. We compared characteristics between children (< 18 years) and adults (≥ 18 years). We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to compare in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS: We identified 1369 eligible patients (children, n = 326; adults, n = 1043). The most common season was April-June and July-September in children (28.5% and 27.9%) and January-March in adults (42.1%). Injuries to the head/neck (58.9% vs. 40.8%, p < 0.001) and abdomen (16.0% vs. 8.3%, p < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in children than adults, while injuries to the thorax (8.0% vs. 27.2%, p < 0.001), pelvis/lower extremity (0.6% vs. 6.0%, p < 0.001), and spine (23.9% vs. 35.3%, p < 0.001) were less frequent in children. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality between children and adults.

CONCLUSIONS: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of severe sports-related injuries using a nationwide trauma database and demonstrated different patterns of severe sports-related injuries in children and adults.

PMID:36261734 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-022-02144-1

Adv Neonatal Care. 2022 Oct 17. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000001036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants have oral feeding difficulty that often delays discharge, indicating a need for evidence-based interventions for oral-motor development.

PURPOSE: To test the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) on the development of oral-motor function, feeding, and anthropometric outcomes using sucking manometry.

METHODS: A single-blind randomized experimental design was conducted with a sample of 60 preterm infants from 2 neonatal intensive care units between May 2019 and March 2020. The experimental group received PIOMI for 5 min/d for 14 consecutive days. Sucking capacity, anthropometrics (weight and head circumference), bottle feeding, breast/chest feeding initiation, and length of hospital stay were measured. The Yakut Sucking Manometer (PCT/TR2019/050678) was developed specifically for this study and tested for the first time.

RESULTS: The experimental group had a statistically significant percent increase over controls in sucking power (69%), continuous sucking before releasing the bottle (16%), sucking time (13%), and sucking amount (12%) with partial η2 values of interaction between the groups of 0.692, 0.164, 0.136, and 0.121, respectively. The experimental group had a higher increase in weight (89%) and head circumference (81%) over controls (F = 485.130, P < .001; F = 254.754, P < .001, respectively). The experimental group transitioned to oral feeding 9.9 days earlier than controls (t = -2.822; P = .007), started breast/chest feeding 10.8 days earlier (t = 3.016; P = .004), and were discharged 3.0 days earlier.

IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH/PRACTICE: The PIOMI had a significant positive effect on anthropometrics, sucking capacity, readiness to initiate bottle and breast/chest feeding, and a 3-day reduction in length of hospital stay.

PMID:36260947 | DOI:10.1097/ANC.0000000000001036

Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2022 Sep 30;35(2):134-143. doi: 10.54589/aol.35/2/134.

ABSTRACT

The SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic changed the educational structure of dentistry courses and highlighted the importance of online tools. Understanding students’ perception regarding these changes is essential to establishing future teaching-learning strategies to accommodate students’ needs in higher education. The aim of this study was to assess students’ perceptions of the Oral Radiology teachinglearning process before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of students (n = 111) of the 2nd, 4th and 6th semesters of the dentistry course, who answered a questionnaire with 21 items: A) Students’ demographic data (5 questions); B) Students’ teaching-learning experiences during the pre-pandemic period (8 questions); and C) Students’ teaching-learning experiences during the post-pandemic period (8 questions). Stuart-Maxwell tests revealed statistically significant differences between students’ opinions before and during the pandemic when they were asked about the structure of the Oral Radiology module (p = 0.008); their previous experience with e-learning and teaching (p < 0.001); their thoughts about the importance of e-learning in Oral Radiology (p < 0.05); and the time they spent online for academic purposes (p < 0.05). Students seem to prefer on-campus activities (before COVID-19), but the pandemic increased their awareness of the importance of e-learning, the time they spent on online studies, and their knowledge of online educational tools.

PMID:36260945 | DOI:10.54589/aol.35/2/134

Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2022 Sep 30;35(2):125-133. doi: 10.54589/aol.35/2/125.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of the first year of wearing of a fixed orthodontic appliance on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) between boys and girls, by means of a condition-specific instrument. The study included 69 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years, who were undergoing orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance. Of the 69 adolescents, 38 were girls (55.1%) and 31 were boys (44.9%). They answered the Brazilian version of the Impact of Fixed Appliance Measure (B-IFAM) questionnaire three months (T1) and one year (T2) after the fixed appliance was installed. This questionnaire contains 43 questions, distributed across nine domains. The higher the scores, the more negative the perception of the adolescent concerning the impact of the fixed appliance on his/her OHRQoL. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were also analyzed, and statistical analysis was performed. For the domains, the effect size (the magnitude of the difference between girls and boys) and the minimal clinically important difference were also calculated. The adjusted regression showed that there was a significantly greater increase in the overall B-IFAM score in girls than in boys, indicating a more negative perception of the OHRQoL over the study time [Coefficient=11.77 (3.47- 20.60), p=0.006]. From T1 to T2, there was a significantly greater increase in the scores (more negative perception of OHRQoL over time) in girls than in boys for the domains aesthetics (p=0.034) and physical impact (p=0.011). These differences were clinically significant. The effect size (the magnitude of the difference) was moderate. The impact of wearing a fixed appliance on the OHRQoL was more negative in girls than in boys during the first year of orthodontic treatment.

PMID:36260944 | DOI:10.54589/aol.35/2/125

Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2022 Sep 30;35(2):105-110. doi: 10.54589/aol.35/2/105.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to investigate the internal root canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Brazilian subpopulation, in order to establish the prevalence of the different configurations proposed by Vertucci. Three hundred and ninety-eight cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected from a private imaging clinic database in Rio de Janeiro, including 217 maxillary and 226 mandibular scans. A total 1316 premolars (594 maxillary and 722 mandibular) were evaluated using an image viewer, and classified according to Vertucci. Two calibrated examiners determined the frequency of each morphological Type. A third examiner reviewed discordant cases. The Kappa test was applied to verify inter-rater agreement, and Fisher’s Exact Test to verify gender-related differences. The most frequent root canal configurations of maxillary first and second premolars were Type IV (73.86%) and Type I (47.18%), respectively. Type I was the most prevalent in mandibular first and second premolars (80.59% and 95.86%, respectively). Only Types I and VIII presented a statistically significant difference between sexes. Type I was more frequent in females and Type VIII in males. A highly significant frequency of Type I was found in both mandibular first and second premolars, whereas the most frequent maxillary premolar root canal configuration was Type IV for first premolars and Type I for second premolars.

PMID:36260941 | DOI:10.54589/aol.35/2/105

West Afr J Med. 2022 Oct 20;39(10):1095-1103.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a multisystemic clinical condition characterized by an irreversible deterioration of renal function that invariably progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Cardiovascular affectation portends morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of changes in function, and geometry of the left ventricle in children with CKD and their controls.

METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Children aged 6 to 17 years with features suggestive of CKD along with age and sex-matched apparently healthy controls seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu were enrolled consecutively. Blood samples werecollected for baseline investigations and e-GFR, followed by trans-thoracic two-dimensional echocardiography to assess the left ventricular function and geometry. Data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Simple frequencies and proportions, Student’s t-test and chi-square were applied appropriately. P value at <0.05 was significant.

RESULTS: Out of 9,419 children aged 6-17 years seen within the study period in the hospital, 24 met the criteria for CKD. The incidence rate was 5 cases per million child population per year. Mean age was 12.33 ± 4.24 years, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), eccentric LVH and Left ventricular dilatation (LVD) were seen in 50.0%, 33.3% and 41.7% of subjects respectively. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular systolic dysfunction occurred in 37.5% and 8.3% subjects, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Prevalence of left ventricular geometry and function abnormalities was high in subjects. Intervention measures are advocated.

PMID:36260934

J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022 Oct 19. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12977. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Problems in the confection of indirect restorations may increase the marginal and internal gap. This study aimed to quantify the marginal and the internal fit of overlays fabricated with three different materials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized cavities were prepared on endodontically treated human third molars and digital impressions were done using an intraoral camera (Trios 3). Restorations were designed (n = 15) and fabricated with three materials: Hybrid ceramic (Cerasmart; GC Corp, EUROPE), high-strength lithium disilicate (GC Initial® LiSi Press; GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan), and zirconia reinforced Lithium Silicate Glass Ceramic (Vita Suprinity; Vita, Germany). Axial, marginal, pulpal, and gingival gaps were calculated by measuring the distance between the restoration and the tooth at several reference points. Two-Way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at α = 0.05.

RESULTS: Mean gap was significantly influenced by the material (p < 0.001), gap localization (p < 0.001), and interaction between the factors (p = 0.002). For all materials, the highest gap was observed at gingival and pulpal surfaces (p ≤ 0.015). LiSi Press achieved the overall lowest values at axial values measurements (p ≤ 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: The performance of a CAD/CAM system relative to marginal adaptation is influenced by the restorative material used. High-strength lithium disilicate seems to be showed the best marginal adaptation.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Marginal and internal adaptation of CAD/CAM restorations could be influenced by the type of material chosen.

PMID:36260931 | DOI:10.1111/jerd.12977

West Afr J Med. 2022 Oct 20;39(10):1084-1088.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections contribute a significant proportion to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries. While the burden of hepatitis B and C viruses is higher in low and middle-income countries, Nigeria also has the second largest burden of HIV.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections among antenatal women who sought care at a secondary health facility in Lagos.

METHODS: This was a retrospective review of patients managed in the antenatal clinic of 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital over one year. A study proforma was used to collect relevant data which were entered and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Statistics) Version 23.

RESULTS: A total of 347 women attended prenatal care during the study period, however, only 329 cases with complete data were included in the final statistical analysis. The prevalence of HIV in our study was 6.4%, while HBV and HCV accounted for 6.2% and 1.8% respectively. Hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses and HIV Infections occurred in 3 (0.9%) of our patients, 6 (1.8%) of the women had HIV-HBV co-infection while 1 (0.3%) was infected with HIV-HCV.

CONCLUSION: Our study re-emphasizes the public health importance of HBV, HCV and HIV screening in our antenatal clinics. This knowledge is very important for the implementation of effective prevention and control measures that will further decrease the mother-to-child transmission of these viruses.

PMID:36260916

Am J Health Promot. 2022 Oct 19:8901171221134792. doi: 10.1177/08901171221134792. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study examined dietary behaviors of rural youth at school and at home and sociodemographic differences.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used.

SETTING: The study took place in five rural schools in the Southwestern US.

SAMPLE: Student participants (N = 751) were in 3^rd-8^th grades.

MEASURES: Consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy, and soda/pop, at school and at home, were measured using a modified 7-day recall Youth Risk Behavior survey for nutrition instrument (CDC, 2011); Sociodemographic data.

ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, frequency tables and MANCOVA were used.

RESULTS: Following a natural log transformation of the dependent variables, there were significant multivariate effects in dietary behaviors across schools (Wilks’ λ = 0.962, F_{(16, 2539.4)} = 2.05, P = 0.0082) and location (school v. home; Wilks’ λ = 0.849, F_{(4, 831)} = 36.94, P < 0.0001). Follow-up tests showed students in some schools reported higher consumption of fruit, vegetable, and soda at home than school, although most reported consuming less than one serving per day of fruit, vegetables, and dairy across settings. There were no significant main effects for gender/grade/ethnicity across behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight poor dietary behaviors of rural youth as well as school/home differences that can help inform efforts to support optimal dietary behaviors of this population. Results should be interpreted considering limitations of the self-report nature of collected data and missing data.

PMID:36260863 | DOI:10.1177/08901171221134792

Microsc Res Tech. 2022 Oct 19. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24246. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

In this work, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was used to characterize 3D MgF₂ thin film surfaces through advanced analysis involving morphological, fractal, multifractal, succolarity, lacunarity and surface entropy (SE) parameters, consistent with ISO 25178-2: 2012. Samples were synthesized by electron beam deposition, grown in three different temperatures. Three different temperatures of 25°C (laboratory temperature), 150 and 300°C were chosen. The temperature of 300°C is usually the highest temperature that can be deposited with the electron beam evaporation coating system. The substrates were made of glass (diameter 16 mm, thickness 3 mm), and the samples were prepared at a pressure of 5 × 10^-5 Torr. The statistical results from the AFM images indicate that topographic asperities decrease with increasing deposition temperature, showing a decrease in roughness values. Regardless of the deposition temperature, all surfaces have a self-similar behavior, presenting a very linear PSD distribution, and, according to our results, the sample deposited at 300° had the highest spatial complexity. On the other hand, surface percolation is increasing when temperature increases, indicating that its low roughness and high spatial complexity play an important role on the formation of their most percolating surface microtexture. Our results demonstrate that the lower deposition temperature promoted the formation of less discontinuous height distributions in the MgF₂ films.

PMID:36260856 | DOI:10.1002/jemt.24246