Tag: pubmed

Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 20;15(1):41029. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24883-y.

ABSTRACT

Perimenopause is a high-risk period for depressive symptoms in women. Investigating the urban-rural differences in key factors associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese perimenopausal women can provide a scientific basis for developing targeted intervention strategies. Using data from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we employed a random forest model combined with Shapley value decomposition (a cooperative-game-theoretic approach that quantifies each variable’s marginal contribution to model accuracy), supplemented by logistic regression analysis, to systematically explore urban-rural differences in key factors influencing depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women. Among 1,105 perimenopausal women, the overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 39.3%, with 34.4% in urban areas and 42.4% in rural areas. Life satisfaction, self-rated health, and sleep duration emerged as common factors affecting depressive symptoms in both urban and rural perimenopausal women. Chronic disease, hospitalization history, children’s financial support, and child contact were unique key factors influencing depressive symptoms in urban women. In contrast, activities of daily living (ADL), cognitive function, and total annual household income were unique key factors influencing depressive symptoms in rural women. Significant urban-rural differences exist in the key factors associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese perimenopausal women. Policy makers should therefore design context-specific mental-health programmes. for example, urban initiatives could integrate chronic-disease management with family-based psychosocial support, whereas rural programmes might combine economic-security improvements with community-level cognitive-health screening and rehabilitation of activities of daily living-to maximise intervention effectiveness.

PMID:41266681 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-24883-y

Lasers Med Sci. 2025 Nov 21;40(1):489. doi: 10.1007/s10103-025-04747-7.

ABSTRACT

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of four different bioactive restorative materials to dentin prepared using either a high-speed bur or Er, Cr: YSGG laser. A total of 120 extracted human molars were divided into two groups (n = 60) based on dentin surface preparation: high-speed diamond bur or Er,Cr:YSGG laser (3 W, 20 Hz, 70% H₂O, 60% air). Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n = 15) according to the restorative material: Group I-glass hybrid (EQUIA Forte HT), Group II-bioactive resin composite (Activa BioActive-Restorative), Group III-giomer (Beautifil II), and Group IV-alkasite (Cention Forte). Materials were applied per manufacturers’ instructions using a standardized Teflon mold system. After 24 h, shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine at 1.0 mm/min. One sample per group was examined under SEM to assess the resin-dentin interface. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Games Howell post hoc test (p < 0.05). Group IV showed the highest bond strength in both surface treatments, while Group I had the lowest (p < 0.05). In Group II, laser treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in bond strength compared to bur-prepared surfaces (p < 0.05), whereas surface preparation had no significant effect on the bond strength of the remaining groups. Adhesive failures were most common, though cohesive failures were more frequent in Group II-Bur and Group I-Laser. The bonding performance of bioactive restorative materials was influenced by both their composition and the dentin surface preparation method. Cention Forte showed the most reliable adhesion on both bur- and laser-prepared dentin, whereas EQUIA Forte HT exhibited lower bonding performance.

PMID:41266675 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-025-04747-7

Eur Radiol. 2025 Nov 20. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12158-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Severe coronary artery calcification leads to blooming artifacts in conventional coronary CT angiography (CCTA), which may reduce diagnostic accuracy. Ultra-high resolution (UHR) photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) reduces calcium blooming. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of UHR CCTA with PCD-CT for detecting coronary stenoses in patients with a high coronary calcium burden compared to invasive coronary angiography (ICA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this IRB-approved single-center study, patients with Agatston scores > 600 were included, who underwent ICA and coronary UHR PCD-CT angiography within 2 months. 94% of patients underwent CT prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Coronary arteries were graded for diameter stenosis severity (> 50, > 70%) by two blinded, independent readers. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CCTA were calculated using ICA as the reference standard. Subgroup analyses were performed across Agatston score groups (600-999, 1000-1999, 2000-2999, and > 3000).

RESULTS: 62 patients (mean age, 76 ± 9 years, 16 women) were included. The median Agatston score was 2423 (IQR: 1085-3340). Across all Agatston categories, CCTA demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy and strong agreement with ICA (Cohen’s kappa 0.71-1.00). In patients with Agatston scores > 3000 (n = 18), the diagnostic performance of coronary UHR PCD-CT angiography for detecting > 50% (sensitivity 92-100%, specificity 83-100%) and > 70% diameter stenosis (sensitivity 88-100%, specificity 89-100%) remained high for both readers. There was no correlation between the Agatston score and diagnostic error (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: UHR CCTA with PCD-CT provides high diagnostic performance even in patients with extensive coronary calcifications.

KEY POINTS: Question In patients with severe coronary calcification, conventional coronary CT angiography often suffers from blooming artifacts, reducing accuracy and causing unnecessary invasive procedures. Findings Ultra-high resolution coronary angiography with photon-counting detector CT showed high sensitivity and specificity for detecting stenoses, even at Agatston scores > 3000. Clinical relevance Ultra-high resolution coronary CT angiography enables accurate noninvasive detection of stenoses in heavily calcified vessels, potentially reducing invasive coronary angiography.

PMID:41266671 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-12158-z

Eur Radiol. 2025 Nov 20. doi: 10.1007/s00330-025-12026-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of image-guided puncture in differentiating malignant from benign peritoneal lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An independent literature search was conducted across multiple English medical databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Ovid. The diagnostic accuracy of image-guided puncture was compared against postoperative pathology and diagnostic laparoscopy, which served as reference standards. The diagnostic performance of imaging-guided puncture was evaluated by calculating pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve (AUC). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on imaging modality, type of puncture, and the risk assessment derived from the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2).

RESULTS: Fifteen eligible studies, comprising a total sample of 1208 patients with 1165 peritoneal lesions, were included in the analysis. The pooled sensitivity of image-guided puncture for differentiating malignant from benign peritoneal lesions was 93% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 91-95%), with a specificity of 95% (95% CI: 92-97%), a DOR of 149.02 (95% CI: 78.47-282.99), and an AUC of 0.97.

CONCLUSION: Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrates that image-guided puncture is a minimally invasive and safe technique with high diagnostic accuracy, regardless of the imaging modality, puncture method, or lesion type (mass or diffuse infiltration). It offers a reliable alternative to invasive biopsy for diagnosing peritoneal lesions. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in diagnostic efficacy across the evaluated parameters.

KEY POINTS: Question The diagnosis of peritoneal lesions remains challenging due to the inherent complexity and invasiveness of traditional diagnostic laparoscopy, as well as overlapping imaging features of routine imaging examinations. Findings Image-guided puncture is a minimally invasive and safe technique with high diagnostic accuracy, irrespective of the imaging modality used, the puncture method, or the type of peritoneal lesion. Clinical relevance Image-guided puncture is recognized as a safe, minimally invasive, and highly sensitive diagnostic tool, which can reduce patient discomfort compared to diagnostic laparoscopy. In most clinical scenarios, it represents a reliable and effective alternative to this invasive procedure.

PMID:41266670 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-12026-w

Eur J Radiol. 2025 Nov 17;194:112533. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112533. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lister’s tubercle (LT) is a palpable bony prominence on the distal radius and is in close proximity to the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon. Despite its clinical relevance, detailed knowledge regarding its morphological variations, anatomical relationships, and developmental aspects remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the morphological variants of LT and its anatomical relationships with EPL using wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to propose a novel classification system with potential clinical implications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 302 wrist MRI scans (138 males, 164 females; age range 18-44 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Morphometric measurements were recorded, and a five-type classification system with subtypes based on peak prominence and shape was developed. Statistical analyses evaluated morphometric differences by gender, side, and variant type.

RESULTS: Five main LT types were identified: Type 1 (48.34 %) with a dominant radial peak, Type 2 (23.18 %) with a dominant ulnar peak, Type 3 (4.30 %) with only a ulnar peak, Type 4 (20.86 %) with only a radial peak, and Type 5 (3.31 %) with no crest formation. Significant gender-based differences were found in several morphometric parameters, with generally larger measurements in males (p < 0.001). Strong correlations were noted between LT peak heights and EPL positioning, with the groove’s depth and EPL alignment largely determined by the relative height of radial and ulnar peaks.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights previously underappreciated morphological diversity of LT and proposes a clinically relevant classification. These anatomical variations may influence the risk of EPL injury, especially during distal radius fracture management and surgical interventions. Preoperative imaging evaluation of LT type may improve surgical planning and outcomes.

PMID:41264984 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112533

Eur J Radiol. 2025 Nov 17;194:112541. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112541. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify an interchangeable pulmonary regurgitant measure in repaired tetralogy of Fallot by comparing pulmonary regurgitant volume and fraction between serial cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODS: A total of 40 patients (42 paired studies, age at CT examination: 18.6 ± 6.0 years) who underwent cardiac CT and MRI for the cardiac function assessment within 1 year were retrospectively evaluated. The pulmonary regurgitant volume and fraction quantified using CT volumetry were compared and correlated with the values quantified using phase-contrast imaging (reference standard). Furthermore, the degree of agreement between the methods was analyzed using Bland-Altman plot.

RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in the indexed pulmonary regurgitant volume was found between CT volumetry and phase-contrast imaging (p > 0.152). Compared with phase-contrast imaging, CT and MRI volumetry significantly underestimated the pulmonary regurgitant fraction (p = 0.001) and significantly overestimated the right ventricular stroke volume (p < 0.001). These parameters demonstrated high correlations between the two methods (R = 0.632-0.742, p < 0.001). With phase-contrast imaging as reference standard, the bias and 95 % limits of agreement in the indexed pulmonary regurgitant volume and fraction were 2.4 mL/m² and -18.7 to 23.5 mL/m² and -6.3 % and -26.5 to 14.0 %, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The indexed pulmonary regurgitant volume is an interchangeable measure of pulmonary regurgitation on serial cardiac CT and MRI enabling monitoring its severity in repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID:41264982 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112541

Eur J Radiol. 2025 Nov 15;194:112518. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112518. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and mammographic density (MD) are imaging biomarkers derived from contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM). However, unlike MD, the consistency of BPE across consecutive examinations in pre- and postmenopausal women has remained unexplored.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computational search was conducted for all screening CEM exams performed at our facility between December-2012 and January-2024 to identify patients with at least five consecutive negative annual screenings. BPE grades and MD categories were extracted from the official radiology reports, and their variability parameters were statistically compared both between these factors and across age groups.

RESULTS: Forty-five eligible patients at premenopausal age-group were identified (mean age at first scan 38.2 ± 3.4 years, range: 27-42) and a matched postmenopausal age-group was assembled (mean age at first scan 63.7 ± 3.8 years, range: 60-74), resulting in 450 CEMs analyzed. BPE demonstrated greater variability than MD, including fluctuations of at least one category on the scale (71.1-91.1 %), two-category changes (17.8-22.2 %), and transitions between low and high binary categories (17.8-27.7 %) (P < 0.01 for all). Similar rates of two-category BPE transitions (P = 0.65) and shifts between low and high binary categories (P = 0.32) were observed in pre- and postmenopausal women; however, the latter group had a significantly smaller proportion of cases with five consistent grades (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION: BPE on CEM demonstrates greater longitudinal variability than MD across all age groups and is not more pronounced in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women. This highlights its dynamic nature and underscores the need for caution when considering BPE in clinical decision-making or as a biomarker, while also suggesting that strict menstrual cycle phase targeting may be less critical.

PMID:41264977 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejrad.2025.112518

Sci Total Environ. 2025 Nov 19;1008:180964. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180964. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Phytomining is a sustainable mineral extraction method that employs metal-tolerant hyperaccumulator plant species to recover metals from surface soils. Our preliminary study explored the survivability and effectiveness of rare earth element (REE) hyperaccumulators of 45 species when grown in naturally occurring REE-rich soil sourced from Idaho, finding that Idaho native grass Pseudoroegneria spicata is an effective REE hyperaccumulator. This study then evaluated the REE hyperaccumulation ability of P. spicata and Phalaris arundinacea, assessing the performance of seven varieties within each species. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and harvested biomass was ashed or pyrolyzed, acid digested, and characterized by elemental analysis. Results showed that P. spicata and P. arundinacea accumulated an average of 26,044 and 27,761 μg/g total mixed REEs in their shoot tissues, respectively. Species and variety were found to mostly have a significant effect on dry biomass yield while tissue type (root vs. shoot) significantly impacted internal plant REE concentration, with roots accumulating more than shoots. This study concludes that using these hyperaccumulating grass species, especially P. spicata, for Idaho-based phytomining has promise and should be further studied and developed.

PMID:41264944 | DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180964

Cancer Control. 2025 Jan-Dec;32:10732748251399963. doi: 10.1177/10732748251399963. Epub 2025 Nov 20.

ABSTRACT

IntroductionDiscrimination exacerbates disparities among breast cancer survivors (BCS), yet how different reasons for experiencing perceived discrimination (e.g., race, age) influence health remains understudied. We explored the association between self-reported discrimination, psychosocial health, and quality of life (QOL), identified clusters based on reasons for perceived discrimination, and examined differences in QOL and psychosocial outcomes between these clusters.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined correlations between reasons for perceived discrimination (Everyday Discrimination Scale; EDS), QOL domains (cognitive, physical, social, emotional, and functional QOL measured with FACT-G), social dysfunction (Social Difficulties Inventory), and a psychological distress composite score (included measures of stress [Perceived Stress Scale], anxiety [PROMIS Anxiety], and depression [PROMIS Depression]), among 174 breast cancer survivors (stage 0-IV; ≥21 years). We used k-modes clustering to identify discrimination groups. Differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes across clusters were assessed using Chi-square, analysis of variance, covariance, or non-parametric tests, followed by post hoc analyses.ResultsOverall, experiences of discrimination were associated with poorer QOL and psychosocial health (|0.306|<r<|0.452|, P < 0.001). Six distinct clusters emerged based on reasons for perceived discrimination from the EDS. Compared to Cluster 4 (no discrimination), participants in Cluster 1 (discrimination due to gender, age, and physical characteristics) had lower cognitive and physical QOL (4.3 < mean difference [MD]< 5.0, P < 0.001). Participants in Cluster 3 (discrimination due to physical characteristics) had poorer functional QOL, greater social disfunction, and higher psychological distress composite scores (0.3<MD <9.4, P < 0.001) than Cluster 4. Differences between Clusters 2 (discrimination due to gender) and 5 (discrimination due to gender, race/ethnicity) with all other Clusters were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionQOL and psychosocial health scores varied between clusters based on reasons for perceived discrimination. Future interventions to improve QOL for breast cancer survivors should consider addressing stigma related to gender, physical appearance, and other forms of discrimination.

PMID:41264928 | DOI:10.1177/10732748251399963

J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2025 Nov 18. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-25-00022. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A recent survey found that 68% of women reported experiencing sexual harassment (SH) during their orthopaedic training. This study aims to (1) characterize Title IX understanding; (2) describe SH occurrences, subtypes, and reporting rates; (3) evaluate the impact of Title IX understanding on SH reporting; and (4) compare these findings by level of training.

METHODS: An anonymous survey was distributed between June 1, 2023, and July 31, 2023, to Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society members. Surgeon demographics, SH experiences through the Racialized Sexual Harassment Scale, and Title IX understanding were assessed. Descriptive and comparative statistics analyzed SH occurrences and reporting. Pearson correlation and Fisher exact tests assessed relationships between Title IX knowledge and SH reporting.

RESULTS: Twenty percent (178 of 891) of Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society members completed the survey. Fifty-one percent (91/178) of orthopaedic surgeons endorsed experiencing SH during their careers, of whom 35% reported. The most common form of SH was “nonphysical” (34.1%). Formal reporting rates varied by SH type, with “watching” (67.0%) and “fear” (39.0%) being the most reported. The median score on the Title IX survey was 81.8%, with 47% knowing the reporting timeframe and 53% knowing who to report to. No significant associations were found between SH incident reporting rate and Title IX understanding (rho = 0.03, P = 0.9). Attending surgeons had significantly higher Racialized Sexual Harassment Scale scores (25.8 vs. 21.1, P = 0.004) and reported more occurrences (1.1 vs. 0.3, P < 0.001) compared with orthopaedic trainees.

DISCUSSION: Although most orthopaedic surgeons reported experiencing SH and understood Title IX policies, SH reporting rates remained low. Improved understanding of policy is important but may not lead to greater reporting of SH based on this study, suggesting other barriers to reporting.

PMID:41264921 | DOI:10.5435/JAAOS-D-25-00022