Tag: pubmed

Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022 Jun 6. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/1shqmz. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Behçet’s syndrome (BS) has been reported with cardiovascular involvement. It’s still unclear that BS is associated with the increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis concerning the incidence of IHD in BS and identify the relationship between IHD and BS.

METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search based on PubMed and Embase databases up to 7 July, 2021. Incidence of IHD was calculated by metaproportion. Pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.

RESULTS: Four studies with 9237 patients with IHD in BS and 40353 controls were identified and included in our meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio of IHD in patients with BS was 1.30 and achieved statistical significance (95% CI 1.04-1.64). The statistical heterogeneity was low with an I2 of 39% (p=0.18).

CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis the presence of BS was associated with an increased risk of IHD. Prospective researches should be done to determine the pathophysiological and prognostic implications of increased IHD in BS.

PMID:35699061 | DOI:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/1shqmz

J Endourol. 2022 Jun 14. doi: 10.1089/end.2021.0811. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: For treatment of nephrolithiasis, ambulatory percutaneous nephrolithotomy (aPCNL) is growing in popularity for select patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of a set of aPCNL selection criteria as well as search for predictors of failed aPCNL resulting in inpatient admission.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed all PCNL patients from 2016-2020. A total of 175 met selection criteria for aPCNL and were included. Primary outcome was safety and efficacy, and secondary outcome was to identify predictors of inpatient stay. Demographic and peri-operative data were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS: In total, between 2016-2020, 552 patients underwent PCNL, with 175 of them meeting criteria for aPCNL. 134/175 (76.6%) of these patients were successfully discharged the same day as the surgery and 41 patients were admitted. On univariate analysis, patients who required upper pole access or multiple accesses, (p=0.038) ASA>2 (p=0.005), or postoperative nephrostomy tube (PCN) (p<0.001) were more likely to be admitted after surgery. On multivariate analysis, only postoperative PCN was significantly associated with admission (p=0.015). Regarding reasons for unsuccessful aPCNL, 19.5% of admissions were attributed to intraoperative complications, 7% to social causes, 12.2% to postoperative complications, 14.6% to uncontrolled pain, and 34.1% to unexpected intraoperative procedures.

CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory PCNL using selection criteria is safe and effective, with postoperative PCN predicting the possible necessity for conversion to inpatient admission. Furthermore, our study provides a practical algorithm for those opting to provide ambulatory PCNL to patients.

PMID:35699065 | DOI:10.1089/end.2021.0811

Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022 Jun 13. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ryp027. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome of unknown aetiology characterised by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, mainly mood and anxiety disorders.This study aims to determine the age at onset (AAO) and temporal sequencing patterns of FM and its frequent and distinguishable psychiatric comorbidities, the major depressive episode/s (MDE), and panic disorder (PD).

METHODS: Diagnosis of MDE and PD were assigned using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV). The AAO of FM, MDE, and PD was defined using the event history calendar. All patients completed a sociodemographic data form, self-report questionnaires measuring FM-related symptoms and function, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 (CTQ-28).

RESULTS: 98 (83%) of the 118 recruited patients with FM had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Two main temporal patterns were identified among the 83 patients (70.3 %) who could reliably report the age at onset of FM and psychiatric comorbidities. In the concurrent comorbidity pattern (CCP), MDE and/or PD co-occurred with the onset of FM. In the sequential pattern (SP), the patients first developed PD, then MDE, and finally FM. FM patients with SP are overweight and younger than those with a CCP (FM concurrent with MDE and PD) and reported more childhood adversities, mainly sexual abuse. AAO of psychiatric comorbidities significantly differed between the two patterns.

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of different temporal comorbidity patterns may suggest prevention/early treatment interventions, especially in patients with childhood adversities and early-onset PD.

PMID:35699055 | DOI:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ryp027

Arch Bronconeumol. 2021 Oct;57(10):630-636. doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.11.020.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: COPD is a multifactorial disease which causes considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. Previous studies assessing the possible relationship between indoor radon exposure and COPD have shown inconclusive results.

METHODS: A multicentric, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted in a Spanish radon-prone area. COPD cases were confirmed by spirometry and controls were selected due to trivial surgery or procedures not related to tobacco consumption. All participants had to have lived for at least 15 years in the same dwelling. Radon measurements were conducted individually in dwellings using alpha-track detectors. Results were obtained using multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS: 189 cases and 747 controls took part. There was no significant association between residential radon concentrations and COPD onset with a OR of 1.12 (95%CI 0.41-3.06) for individuals exposed to more than 200Bq/m³ compared to those exposed to less than 50Bq/m³. Heavy smokers seem to increase their COPD risk if exposed to higher radon concentrations vs those exposed to lower concentrations. There was a statistically significant synergy index between radon exposure and tobacco consumption, S-index 11.60 (95%CI 3.71-36.26). Indoor radon concentration was higher in never/light smokers with COPD compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS: No association between indoor radon and COPD has been observed. However, there might be some effect modification on the COPD risk in heavy smokers when high radon exposure is present. This is supported by the additive synergy observed. Also, a possible association between indoor radon and COPD onset in never and light smokers needs to be further studied.

PMID:35699045 | DOI:10.1016/j.arbr.2020.11.020

Arch Bronconeumol. 2021 Aug;57(8):521-527. doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2020.03.033.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been proposed as a strategy to reduce lung cancer mortality. Since LDCT has side effects there is a need to carefully select the target population for screening programmes. Because in Spain health competences are transferred to the seventeen Autonomous Communities (ACs), the present paper aims to identify individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer in the different ACs.

METHODS: We used the 2011-2012 data of the Spanish National Interview Health Survey (n=21,006) to estimate the proportion of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer using a 6-year prediction model (PLCO_m2012). This proportion was then extrapolated into absolute figures for the Spanish population, using the population census data of 2018 from the National Institute of Statistics.

RESULTS: The proportion of individuals aged 50-74 with a risk of lung cancer ≥2% was 9.5% (15.9% in men, 3.5% in women). This proportion ranged from 6.6% in Región de Murcia to 12.7% in Andalucía and 13.0% in Extremadura. When extrapolated to the Spanish population, it was estimated that a total of 1,341,483 individuals may have a 6-year risk of lung cancer ≥2%.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first one that evaluated the number of individuals at high risk of developing lung cancer in the different Spanish ACs using a prediction model and selecting people with a 6-year risk ≥2%. Further studies should assess the cost and effectiveness associated to the implementation of a lung cancer screening programme to such population.

PMID:35699029 | DOI:10.1016/j.arbr.2020.03.033

Arch Bronconeumol. 2021 Nov;57(11):673-676. doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.05.026.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35699002 | DOI:10.1016/j.arbr.2021.05.026

Kardiol Pol. 2022 Jun 14. doi: 10.33963/KP.a2022.0143. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiology of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is multifactorial. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress play a significant role in POAF development. Neopterin, a biomarker of cellular immune response that enhances oxidative stress and increases the cytotoxic potential of activated macrophages and dendritic cells, was recently found as an independent predictive biomarker of non-operative atrial fibrillation. However, as far as we know, neopterin has never been investigated in POAF.

AIM: The study aimed to assess neopterin concentration as a prognostic biomarker of POAF following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

METHODS: 101 (80.2% males, 85% off-pump, 15% on-pump) patients were included. Blood samples were taken from patients at three-time points: (1) before operation (NP0); (2) on the first day after the operation (NP1); and (3) between the fifth and eighth day after the procedure (NP5-8) for analysis of serum neopterin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). All factors (preoperative, echocardiographic, and surgical) significant in univariate analysis were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: POAF occurred in 30 patients (30%). In the analyzed multivariable logistic regression models, the independent predictors of POAF occurrence were: higher NP0 concentration (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.38 for continuous and OR, 3.75; 95%CI, 1.39-10.1 for NP0 cut-off >8.7 nM/l), higher body mass index (OR, 1.15; 95% CI 1.02-1.29), history of pulmonary disease (OR, 6.72; 95% CI 1.57-28), increased diastolic thickness of interventricular septum (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14-1.83), and duration of operation (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36).

CONCLUSIONS: We found that elevated neopterin concentration before CABG may be a predictive biomarker of POAF.

PMID:35698968 | DOI:10.33963/KP.a2022.0143

Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2022 Jun 14:e1995. doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1995. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Branchio-otic syndrome (BO) is one of the most common types of syndromic hearing impairment (HI) with an incidence of 1/40,000 globally. It is an autosomal dominant disorder typically characterized by the coexistence of branchial cysts or fistulae, malformations of the external, middle, and inner ears with preauricular pits or tags and a variable degree of HI. Most cases of BO have been reported in populations of European ancestry. To date, only few cases have been reported in people from African descent.

METHODS: After a careful clinical examination, a pure tone audiometry was performed. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and whole exome, and Sanger sequencing were performed for genetic analysis.

RESULTS: Eight individuals from a large non-consanguineous Malian family, with autosomal dominant inheritance were enrolled. The ages at diagnosis ranged from 8 to 54 years. A high phenotypic variability was noted among the affected individuals. Four patients presented with a post-lingual and mixed type of HI, one individual had conductive HI while three had normal hearing but presented other BO features namely branchial fistulae and preauricular sinus. Serum creatinine level and renal ultrasonography were normal in three affected individuals who performed them. Genetic testing identified a monoallelic pathogenic variant in EYA1 (c.1286A > G; p.Asp429Gly) segregating with BO syndrome in the family.

CONCLUSION: This is the first genetically confirmed case of BO syndrome caused by EYA1 variant in the sub-Saharan African population, expanding the genetic spectrum of the condition.

PMID:35698919 | DOI:10.1002/mgg3.1995

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2021 Nov 4;30:e71. doi: 10.1017/S2045796021000548.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Patients with brief psychotic episodes (BPE) have variable and fluctuating clinical outcomes which challenge psychiatric care. Our meta-analysis aims at providing a comprehensive summary of several clinical outcomes in this patient group.

METHODS: A multistep systematic PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant literature search was performed for articles published from inception until 1st March 2021. Web of Science database was searched, complemented by manual search of original articles reporting relevant outcomes (psychotic recurrence, prospective diagnostic change or stability, remission, quality of life, functional status, mortality and their predictors) for patients diagnosed with acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), brief psychotic disorders (BPD), brief intermittent psychotic symptoms (BIPS) and brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS). Random-effects methods and Q-statistics were employed, quality assessment with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, assessment of heterogeneity with I² index, sensitivity analyses (acute polymorphic psychotic disorders, APPD) and multiple meta-regressions, assessment of publication bias with funnel plot, Egger’s test and meta-regression (psychotic recurrence and sample size).

RESULTS: A total of 91 independent articles (n = 94 samples) encompassed 37 ATPD, 24 BPD, 19 BLIPS and 14 BIPS samples, totalling 15 729 individuals (mean age: 30.89 ± 7.33 years, mean female ratio: 60%, 59% conducted in Europe). Meta-analytical risk of psychotic recurrence for all BPE increased from 15% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12-18) at 6 months, 25% (95% CI 22-30) at 12 months, 30% (95% CI 27-33) at 24 months and 33% (95% CI 30-37) at ⩾36 months follow-up, with no differences between ATPD, BPD, BLIPS and BIPS after 2 years of follow-up. Across all BPE, meta-analytical proportion of prospective diagnostic stability (average follow-up 47 months) was 49% (95% CI 42-56); meta-analytical proportion of diagnostic change (average follow-up 47 months) to schizophrenia spectrum psychoses was 19% (95% CI 16-23), affective spectrum psychoses 5% (95% CI 3-7), other psychotic disorders 7% (95% CI 5-9) and other (non-psychotic) mental disorders 14% (95% CI 11-17). Prospective diagnostic change within APPD without symptoms of schizophrenia was 34% (95% CI 24-46) at a mean follow-up of 51 months: 18% (95% CI 11-30) for schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and 17% (95% CI 10-26) for other (non-psychotic) mental disorders. Meta-analytical proportion of baseline employment was 48% (95% CI 38-58), whereas there were not enough data to explore the other outcomes. Heterogeneity was high; female ratio and study quality were negatively and positively associated with risk of psychotic recurrence, respectively. There were no consistent factor predicting clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Short-lived psychotic episodes are associated with a high risk of psychotic recurrences, in particular schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Other clinical outcomes remain relatively underinvestigated. There are no consistent prognostic/predictive factors.

PMID:35698876 | DOI:10.1017/S2045796021000548

J Biomech Eng. 2022 Jun 14. doi: 10.1115/1.4054799. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The annulus fibrosus is the ring-like exterior of the intervertebral disc which is composed of concentrically organized layers of collagen fibre bundles. The mechanical properties of the annulus have been studied extensively; however, tests are typically performed on extracted fragments or multilayered samples of the annulus and not on the annulus as a whole. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to develop a novel testing technique to measure the mechanical properties of the intact, isolated annulus; and 2) to perform a preliminary analysis of the rate-dependency of these mechanical properties. Twenty-nine whole annulus ring samples were dissected from 11 skeletally mature Sprague Dawley rat tails and underwent a tensile failure test at either 2%/s (n=16) or 20%/s (n=13). Force and displacement were sampled at 100Hz and were subsequently normalized to stress and strain. Various mechanical properties were derived from the stress-strain curves and statistically compared between the rates. All mechanical variables, with the exception of initial failure stress, were found to be unaffected by rate. Interestingly, initial failure stress was higher for samples tested at the slower rate compared to the higher rate which is atypical for viscoelastic tissues. Although in general rate did not appear to impact the annulus ring response to tensile loading, this novel, intact annular ring testing technique provides an alternative way to quantify mechanical properties of the annulus.

PMID:35698873 | DOI:10.1115/1.4054799