Tag: pubmed

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022 May 24. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220524104929. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypovitaminosis D and low testosterone levels are common in men with T2DM, and vitamin D has been proposed to regulate pituitary-testicular function.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between testosterone levels and the circulating vitamin D among type 2 diabetic males.

METHODOLOGY: We recruited 95 type 2 diabetic males in this cross-sectional study, and investigated the circulating form of vitamin D which is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D). 25(OH) D level <30 ng/mL was used to define vitamin D insufficiency and 25(OH) D level <20 ng/ml defined deficiency. Testosterone deficiency was defined as a total testosterone level less than300 ng/dl.

RESULT: Testosterone deficiency prevalence in type 2 diabetic males was 46.3%. Testosterone deficient diabetics had significantly lower 25(OH) D levels than patients with normal testosterone. We observed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in testosterone deficient diabetics compared with testosterone sufficient patients. Furthermore, significantly lower total testosterone but not LH levels were observed in diabetic males with vitamin D deficiency in comparison to non-deficient patients. We observed that 25(OH) D significantly predicted total testosterone levels in diabetic males evaluated by linear regression analysis. However this association was no longer statistically significant after exclusion of macro-albuminuric patients. Moreover, Vitamin D deficiency was a significant risk factor for testosterone deficiency in logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSION: Testosterone deficient diabetic males had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels and a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in comparison with normal testosterone diabetic males. Likewise, vitamin D deficient patients had lower testosterone levels. Overall, 25(OH) D significantly predicted total testosterone levels. The vitamin D deficiency was thus a significant risk factor for testosterone deficiency in diabetic males.

PMID:35611781 | DOI:10.2174/1871530322666220524104929

Clin Exp Hypertens. 2022 May 25:1-9. doi: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2079666. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Excessive salt intake is currently the foremost universal risk factor for controllable chronic disease. This study evaluated the short-term effects of a modest salt intake reduction combined with the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (CM-DASH) diet on sodium and potassium intake, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) in hypertensive patients with type II diabetes.

METHODS: Sixty-one participants were randomized to the intervention group (52% low-sodium salt and DASH) and control group (normal salt and DASH). An 8-week dietary intervention was applied. Daily salt intake, blood pressure (BP), and drug use were recorded every week. Twenty-four-hour urine, casual urine, and blood samples were measured at baseline, the 4th week, and the end of the intervention.

RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients (25 men) completed the entire study. Sodium intake decreased by 1259.66 (792.76, 1726.56)/705.80 (149.21, 1262.39) mg/day after 4 weeks (intervention: P < .001; control: P = .015). Potassium intake increased by 641.14 (73.31, 1208.96)/43.43 (-259.66, 346.53) mg/day (intervention: P = .028); MAP decreased by 9.06 (6.69, 11.43)/7.16 (4.03, 10.28) mmHg (both: P < .001); PP decreased by 7.97 (3.05, 12.88)/5.74 (2.55,8.94) mmHg (intervention: P = .002; control: P = .001) after 8 weeks. However, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Modest salt reduction and the CM-DASH diet for hypertensive patients with type II diabetes can achieve short-term salt reduction effects. The effect on changing salt-eating habits needs to be investigated with an extended follow-up.

PMID:35611762 | DOI:10.1080/10641963.2022.2079666

Orthop Surg. 2022 May 25. doi: 10.1111/os.13311. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

As more high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are performed, orthopaedic surgeons realize that more HTO and UKA failures will require revision to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the future. To systematically evaluate the clinical outcomes of TKA after HTO and TKA after UKA, the Embase, PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies investigating revision TKA after HTO and UKA published up to June 2021. RevMan version 5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis. The revision TKA after HTO and revision TKA after UKA groups were compared in terms of operative time, range of motion (ROM), knee score, postoperative complications, postoperative infection, revision, and revision implants used. Nine studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Results revealed that the knee score for the revision TKA after HTO group was better than that of the revision TKA after UKA group (MD 4.50 [95% CI 0.80-8.20]; p = 0.02). The revision TKA after HTO group had a lower revision rate (OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.55-0.78]; p < 0.00001) and fewer revision implants used (OR 0.11 [95% CI 0.05-0.23]; p < 0.00001). There were no statistical differences in operation time (MD -2.00 [95% CI -11.22 to 7.21]; p = 0.67), ROM (MD -0.04 [95% CI -3.69-3.61]; p = 0.98), postoperative complications (OR 1.41 [95% CI 0.77-2.60]; p = 0.27), or postoperative infections (OR 0.89 [95% CI 0.61-1.29]; p = 0.53). To conclude, the revision rate of revision TKA after UKA was greater, and more revision implants were required. It is important for orthopaedic surgeons to preserve bone during primary UKA.

PMID:35611758 | DOI:10.1111/os.13311

Oral Dis. 2022 May 25. doi: 10.1111/odi.14264. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: One third of the Hungarian population suffers from xerostomia. Since there is no evidence on the actual prevalence of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) in Hungary, this study aimed to evaluate the same.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from the Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University from 2008 to 2015. A diagnosis of SS was established based on the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism criteria.

RESULTS: Of the 1,076 patients examined with sicca symptoms, 188 patients, had confirmed SS. Primary SS (pSS) was diagnosed in 135 patients, secondary SS (sSS) was confirmed in 53 patients. According to the available statistical records of the public health service of Hungary, there were an average of 16 (0.0014%, 5-26) newly diagnosed SS cases in the entire population and 141 SS patient-practitioner consultations (49-232) per 100,000 inhabitants in the country over the past 10 years (based on the past 10 years: 2011-2020).

CONCLUSION: Results revealed that approximately 1/5th-1/6th of patients with sicca symptoms have SS, among whom 72% and 285 have pSS and sSS, respectively. Global Hungarian records simultaneously revealed that the number of both new diagnoses and doctor-SS patient encounters has significantly decreased (by 50%) yearly over the last decade.

PMID:35611648 | DOI:10.1111/odi.14264

Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2022 May 25:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2022.2067329. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To collect real-world safety and clinical outcome data on the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for functional/organic heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and dysmenorrhoea in Japanese women (J-MIRAI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, multicentre, single-cohort, open-label, post-authorisation study, we assessed menstrual blood loss after LNG-IUS insertion by changes from baseline in pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) scores. Scores for the menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS) were collected for 12 months to assess quality of life.

RESULTS: We included 47 patients with complete PBAC score and patient diary data. The median PBAC score before LNG-IUS insertion was 159.0, which decreased significantly to 6.0 at 12 months post-insertion; for patients with adenomyosis (n = 20), PBAC score decreased from 174.5 pre-insertion to 19.5 at 12 months. The number of patient-reported bleeding days was correlated with PBAC score ≥5. The proportion of women with prolonged bleeding decreased from 85.7% to 34.6% by the study’s end. Some women reported no bleeding after the first 90-day reference period. The mean MMAS overall score significantly increased from 50.50 before insertion to 88.67 at 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Japanese women with functional/organic HMB experienced substantial reductions in bleeding symptoms and improvements in quality of life after 12-month use of the LNG-IUS.

PMID:35611632 | DOI:10.1080/13625187.2022.2067329

J R Soc Interface. 2022 May;19(190):20220019. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0019. Epub 2022 May 25.

ABSTRACT

Biological heterogeneity is a primary contributor to the variation observed in experiments that probe dynamical processes, such as the internalization of material by cells. Given that internalization is a critical process by which many therapeutics and viruses reach their intracellular site of action, quantifying cell-to-cell variability in internalization is of high biological interest. Yet, it is common for studies of internalization to neglect cell-to-cell variability. We develop a simple mathematical model of internalization that captures the dynamical behaviour, cell-to-cell variation, and extrinsic noise introduced by flow cytometry. We calibrate our model through a novel distribution-matching approximate Bayesian computation algorithm to flow cytometry data of internalization of anti-transferrin receptor antibody in a human B-cell lymphoblastoid cell line. This approach provides information relating to the region of the parameter space, and consequentially the nature of cell-to-cell variability, that produces model realizations consistent with the experimental data. Given that our approach is agnostic to sample size and signal-to-noise ratio, our modelling framework is broadly applicable to identify biological variability in single-cell data from internalization assays and similar experiments that probe cellular dynamical processes.

PMID:35611619 | DOI:10.1098/rsif.2022.0019

Clin Obes. 2022 May 25:e12529. doi: 10.1111/cob.12529. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To investigate what are the effects of pre-surgical aerobic dance-based exercise programme (PSADBE) and physical activity counselling (PAC) programme on lower extremity functions after surgery in people with morbid obesity awaiting bariatric surgery (PMOABS). This study was a single-blind, randomized controlled study. Groups were divided into Group I (PSADBE and PAC) and Group II (PAC). Both groups received PAC, Group I completed the PSADBE programme accompanied by music for 60 min/2 days/8 weeks. Thirty-four PMOABS were included in the study. The 6-Minute Walking Test, as primary outcomes, and The Stair Climbing Up-Down Test for evaluating functional capacity, Biodex Isokinetic Test and Exercise System® for evaluating muscle strength were used. Besides, muscle endurance, physical activity (PA) level, fatigue and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed. All measurements were repeated three times; pre-treatment, post-treatment and the fifth-month post-surgery. After 8 weeks, significant changes were found in functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, PA level, fatigue and QoL in both groups (p < .05). Comparing the groups, the changes in functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, PA and fatigue scores after treatment and the fifth-month post-surgery were statistically superior in Group I (p < .05). Adding an 8-week PSADBE programme to PAC is an effective treatment option for improving postoperative functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, PA level and fatigue in PMOABS.

PMID:35611581 | DOI:10.1111/cob.12529

Disabil Rehabil. 2022 May 25:1-11. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2070288. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To critically appraise randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) and quantify the effects of IASTM compared with other treatment individuals with or without pathologies on function, pain, and range of motion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We search four electronic databases from January 1999 to January 2022 and included RCTs of healthy participants/athletes and people with upper, lower, or spinal conditions, who received IASTM versus other active treatment for clinical outcomes (function, pain, and range of motion).

RESULTS: Forty-six RCTs were considered eligible for data analysis. Effects of IASTM plus other treatment versus other treatment on function and pain intensity were not statistically significant or clinically meaningful (very low quality, SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.66 to 0.09) and (very low quality, SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.53 to 0.43) at up to one-year follow-up respectively. No clinically meaningful improvements were found on range of motion outcomes. Out of the 46 included RCTs, only 10 assessed and reported IASTM-related adverse events.

CONCLUSION: Evidence of very low-quality certainty does not support the efficacy of IASTM in individuals with or without various pathologies on function, pain, and range of motion in the management of upper body, lower body, or spinal conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe included RCTs had a high risk of bias and were assessed as very-low quality evidence for all the included outcomes.IASTM does not lead to clinically meaningful improvements in function, pain, or range of motion in individuals with upper body, lower body, and spinal conditions.The publication of IASTM trials in suspected predatory journals is increasing.The available evidence on IASTM does not support its use to improve function, pain, or range of motion in individuals with upper body, lower body, and spinal conditions.Health care practitioners should consider other evidence-based management strategies (physical activity and exercise) to improve function, pain, or range of motion in individuals with musculoskeletal injuries and disorders.Given the rise of publications on IASTM in suspected predatory journals, health care practitioners should be judicious to examine the legitimacy of a journal when searching for evidence on IASTM treatment technique.

PMID:35611579 | DOI:10.1080/09638288.2022.2070288

Orbit. 2022 May 25:1-7. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2078844. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the results of all eviscerations and enucleations performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, during 2008-2019 and to compare them with previously collected data from 1999 to 2007.

METHODS: This was a retrospective investigation using the medical records for all patients having had an evisceration or an enucleation at the Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, during the two defined periods of time. Main outcome measure was postoperative complications.

RESULTS: During 1999-2007, 181 surgeries were performed, 100 with implants, and 28/100 exposed implants and 9/100 removed implants were recorded during follow-up. During 2008-2019, 250 operations were performed with 158 implants, and there were 3/158 exposed implants and 2/158 extruded implants. Two ruptures of the surgical wound without implant exposure were noted, and one implant was exchanged. The reduction of exposed implants between the two periods was statistically significant (p < .001, Chi-square test). In enucleations, the use of one kind of porous polyethylene implant in the recent study period replaced a multitude of implants in the earlier study period. In eviscerations, the major change between the two study periods was the introduction of the split sclera technique and smaller implant size.

CONCLUSION: The change in surgical technique between the two periods led to a significant reduction in implant-related complications.

PMID:35611572 | DOI:10.1080/01676830.2022.2078844

Acta Oncol. 2022 May 25:1-9. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2022.2073186. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of abdominal compression for motion management in hepatobiliary-pancreatic (HPB) radiotherapy has not been systematically evaluated.

METHODS & MATERIALS: A systematic review was carried out using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases up to 1 July 2021. No date restrictions were applied. Additional searches were carried out using the University of Manchester digital library, Google Scholar and of retrieved papers’ reference lists. Studies conducted evaluating respiratory motion utilising imaging with and without abdominal compression in the same patients available in English were included. Studies conducted in healthy volunteers or majority non-HPB sites, not providing descriptive motion statistics or patient characteristics before and after compression in the same patients or published without peer-review were excluded. A narrative synthesis was employed by tabulating retrieved studies and organising chronologically by abdominal compression device type to help identify patterns in the evidence.

RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met by 6 studies with a total of 152 patients. Designs were a mix of retrospective and prospective quantitative designs with chronological, non-randomised recruitment. Abdominal compression reduced craniocaudal respiratory motion in the majority of patients, although in four studies there were increases seen in at least one direction. The influence of patient comorbidities on effectiveness of compression, and/or comfort with compression was not evaluated in any study.

CONCLUSION: Abdominal compression may not be appropriate for all patients, and benefit should be weighed with potential increase in motion or discomfort in patients with small initial motion (<5 mm). Patient factors including male sex, and high body mass index (BMI) were found to impact the effectiveness of compression, however with limited evidence. High-quality studies are warranted to fully assess the clinical impact of abdominal compression on treatment outcomes and toxicity prospective in comparison to other motion management strategies.

PMID:35611555 | DOI:10.1080/0284186X.2022.2073186