Tag: pubmed

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2022 Oct 20:S2529-993X(22)00198-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.03.014. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Congenital citomegalovirus (CMVc) infection is more common in children exposed to HIV during pregnancy, with reported rates in pre-ART era from 2 to 7%. The use of combined antiretroviral treatment (ARTc) could be a determining factor in reducing this risk of CMV transmission. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of CMVc infection in newborns of HIV-infected mothers at Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain, from 2000 to 2017.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational and retrospective study was carried out. Epidemiological and clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 24.0 computer program.

RESULTS: 288 mother-infant pairs were included in the study. We observed a CMVc rate of 2.1% (95% CI 0.9-4.9).

CONCLUSIONS: The rate of CMVc in HIV-exposed children observed was lower than that reported in pre-ARTc era but seems higher than those described in general population.

PMID:36274043 | DOI:10.1016/j.eimce.2022.03.014

J Med Imaging Radiat Sci. 2022 Oct 20:S1939-8654(22)00374-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.09.023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Undetected femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), caused by asphericity of the femoral head, has been implicated as a leading cause of hip osteoarthritis in later stages. Two known types of impingement of the femur head with the acetabulum include the cam-type and pincer type, and the alpha angle and triangular index are indices applied in determining the presence of FAI in a hip radiograph.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the normal range and upper limit of normal of the alpha angle and triangular index of an African population using non-pathological hip radiographs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hip radiographs of 104 subjects reported to be normal were retrospectively studied. The images were reassessed jointly by three radiographers and afterwards by three consultant radiologists. The alpha angle and triangular index of selected radiographs were measured with appropriate electronic callipers. Values obtained were correlated with the age and gender of the patients.

RESULTS: The mean ± SD of the alpha angle for the population studied was 46.70 ± 12.34⁰ with a range of 33.30⁰-96.82⁰ (males: 45.09 ± 12.03⁰, females: 47.32 ± 12.37⁰), and the upper limit of normal obtained was 79.16⁰. The mean triangular index was 1.71±1.38 with a range of 0.03-5.98 (males: 1.77 ± 1.39, females: 1.65 ± 1.36), 4.12 being the upper limit of normal. There was no statistically significant difference between measurements of both indices with age and gender. However, there was excellent agreement between and within raters for both measurements (alpha angle: 0.992; triangular index: 0.924).

CONCLUSION: The upper limits of normal for the alpha angle and triangular index of the studied population are 79.16⁰ and 4.12. Age and gender were independent of the values measured, and the measurements demonstrated excellent inter-rater and intra-rater agreement. A normal range is thus provided, with upper limits beyond which a possible femoroacetabular impingement may be diagnosed.

PMID:36274033 | DOI:10.1016/j.jmir.2022.09.023

J Geriatr Oncol. 2022 Oct 12:S1879-4068(22)00239-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.10.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Our goal was to estimate a relative decreased rate of social connectedness to family and friends, increased rate of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, and investigate the association between social connectedness and stress or anxiety among a nationally representative sample of older adults with cancer history.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey COVID-19 Winter 2021 Community Supplement. The study cohort included community-living Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who self-reported cancer history (other than skin cancer) (n = 1650). Sample weights were applied to account for the complex survey design, with results generalizable to 8.5 million Medicare beneficiaries with cancer history. The outcome was self-reported feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. The independent variable was social connectedness, defined as feeling less socially connected to family and friends during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted weighted descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: Overall, 42.5% of beneficiaries reported decreased social connectedness to family and friends, and 37.8% reported increased feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. After adjusting for all covariates, participants who reported decreased social connectedness had 154% higher odds of increased feelings of stress or anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOD] = 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.00-3.20, p ≤0.001) compared to those who reported more or about the same social connectedness to family and friends. The odds of increased feelings of stress or anxiety were also higher for those who self-reported as Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic White beneficiaries (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10-1.73, p = .016), women vs. men (AOR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.43-2.38, p ≤0.001), and those who reported depression history vs. not reporting depression history (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.86-3.48, p ≤0.000).

DISCUSSION: An estimated 3.6 million older adults with cancer history reported decreased social connectedness to family and friends, and 3.2 million reported increased feelings of stress or anxiety during the 2020-2021 winter surge of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying these adults and referring them to appropriate supportive care resources and services are essential to help them cope with negative feelings.

PMID:36274031 | DOI:10.1016/j.jgo.2022.10.005

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Oct 20:S0901-5027(22)00415-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Three-dimensional positional changes of the temporomandibular joint after mandible reconstruction using microvascular fibula flaps were investigated in 58 patients. The results of preoperative virtually planned surgery, intraoperative resection- and cutting-guided surgery, and non-guided surgery were compared. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography data of each patient were processed and superimposed digitally. The condyle deviations and rotations along the axes and planes of the skull, as well as Euclidean distances, were determined. Reliability analyses, descriptive statistics, and non-parametric tests were performed with the alpha level set at P = 0.05. Reliability proved to be excellent for all variables. The median Euclidean distance was 2.07 mm for the left condyle and 2.11 mm for the right condyle. Deviations of ≥ 10 mm occurred in nine (16%) cases. The maximum deviation occurred in the horizontal plane and the least deviation in the sagittal plane. Median rotation was ≤ 1.4° around all axes. The condylar displacements did not differ significantly between the different surgical techniques investigated. The three-dimensional measurement method applied is highly reliable for evaluating the three-dimensional condylar position after mandibular reconstruction.

PMID:36274023 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.003

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Oct 20:S0901-5027(22)00414-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.002. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The increase in antimicrobial resistance requires a critical discussion of antibiotic applications. Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is still common for intraoral bone transplantation. However, no guidelines exist for alveolar bone grafting (ABG) in cleft patients. This study compared the infection rate between prolonged and single-dose prophylaxis for this procedure, with the null hypothesis of no difference between the two groups. In total, 109 ABG procedures in 94 cleft patients performed by two surgeons were included. Patients received either prolonged or single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis. The complication rate was compared between the groups. Fifty-nine patients (34 male, 25 female) received prolonged prophylaxis (group 1), while 35 (23 male, 12 female) had just a single dose (group 2). Median age at surgery differed between the two groups, but not significantly (P = 0.72). One relevant surgical site infection was observed among patients with postoperative antibiotic application, while no infections occurred in the single-dose prophylaxis group (1.7% vs. 0%); this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). The duration of hospitalization was longer in group 1. The reduction of antibiotic prophylaxis to a single dose did not increase the infection rate. The results strongly encourage reducing antibiotic prophylaxis for ABG procedures in cleft patients.

PMID:36274022 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2022.10.002

Reprod Biomed Online. 2022 Aug 14:S1472-6483(22)00636-8. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.099. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This review examined whether the absence of a genetic link with one or both parents in families using reproductive donation induced a different quality of parenting from that found in families with spontaneous conception or autologous assisted reproductive technology (AUT-ART), where the genetic mother carries the pregnancy and both parents have a genetic link with their children. MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched for English-language studies published from January 1993 to October 2021. A total of 45 studies were included in the systematic review, and 11 in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that in reproductive donation families, where there was no genetic link between parents and children, there were higher positive parental values (P = 0.007) and lower negative parental values (P = 0.007) than for parents and children in families that had spontaneously conceived. No statistically significant differences emerged when the reproductive donation families were compared with the AUT-ART families. The study showed that the quality of parenting was not conditioned by the presence or absence of a genetic link; instead, it was influenced by the processes underlying family building, such as the desire to have a child, the involvement of both parents in the childcare and the quality of disclosure.

PMID:36274013 | DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.08.099

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Aug 27:S1748-6815(22)00506-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.063. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There has been a steady growth of non-surgical minimally invasive procedures. In parallel, an ever-broadening range of clinicians has been engaging with botulinum toxin (BoNT) for aesthetic procedures, with reportedly compound positive impact on social health and psychological well-being.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and critically appraise current literature on the impact of BoNT injections into the upper face, as a sole treatment/combination with other modalities on facial aesthetics, psychological well-being, and quality-of-life.

METHODS: An evidence-based review was performed using advanced search from PubMed, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and Central Register of Controlled Trials databases . Only literature from inception to August, 2021 were considered. Eligibility criteria included human studies, FDA-approved BoNT applications, formulations, and dosages as a sole/multimodal approach; studies including patient-reported outcome tools psychometrically validated and facial lines-specific. Observer-reported outcome instruments were also considered for a thorough evaluation of outcomes.

RESULTS: Based on data investigations and participant assessments, all studies showed statistically significant improvement in psychosocial well-being and quality-of-life domains with a trend for highest impact when multiple upper facial areas are treated in a multimodal approach.

CONCLUSION: Aesthetic BoNT showed links to true health benefits for well-selected patients in addition to physical amelioration. However, the biological rational remains ambiguous. Well-designed controlled trials are needed, without pharmaceutical laboratories bias, in real clinical scenarios of patients paying for the interventions, often involving multiple areas with/without combined treatments. The persistence of positive outcomes following repetitive treatments provided by less experienced practitioners, potentially involving suboptimal patient selection and/or aesthetic results, warrants further investigation.

PMID:36274011 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.08.063

J Nutr Educ Behav. 2022 Oct 21:S1499-4046(22)00488-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine websites of didactic programs in dietetics (DPD) for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)-related language and to assess perceived gender and ethnic/racial representation in images.

METHODS: We conducted a content analysis on the first 6 website images and 3-elements of DPD (n = 212) websites (mission statement, goals and objectives, and the immediate landing page). Descriptive statistics and a website DEI score were calculated.

RESULTS: Equity and inclusion-related terms appeared on < 5% of websites. Diversity and culture-related terms appeared on about one-third of websites. On average, researchers perceived 28.45% of people in website images as non-White, and 20.11% as non-female. Most websites received low DEI scores.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The DPD websites had a limited representation of DEI-related terms and image representation of individuals perceived to be non-female and non-White. Leaders of DPDs may consider displaying and describing the program’s commitment to DEI on the website for potential students.

PMID:36274009 | DOI:10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.012

Med Eng Phys. 2022 Oct 7:103905. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103905. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Esophageal and gastric varices are complications of decompensated portal hypertension due to cirrhosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding and can seriously trigger major bleeding and crisis life. Seriously endangers patients’ physical and mental health and attracts great attention in the clinic. To compare the efficacy and safety of MES (combined with lauromacrogol and tissue adhesive) and TIPS in the treatment of esophageal and gastric varices. The 62 cases of esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the MES group and TIPS group according to the treatment method. The rebleeding rate, complications, 2-year birth rate, treatment cost, and hospitalization time within 2 years after operation were compared between the two groups. Among the 62 patients, there were 32 in the MES group and 30 in the TIPS group. The rebleeding rate within 1 year after operation in the MES group was higher than that in the TIPS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rebleeding rate within 2 years after operation in the MES group was 40.63%, significantly higher than 13.33% in the TIPS group (P < 0. 05). In the MES group, the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after the operation was 9.38%, significantly lower than 33.33% in TIPS group (P < 0. 05). The survival rate within 2 years after operation in MES group (81.25%) and TIPS group (83.33), the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in hospital stay between the MES group and TIPS group (P > 0.05). The treatment cost of the MES group was lower than that of the TIPS group (P < 0.05). MES is more suitable for development and promotion in grass-roots hospitals, but TIPS treatment should be carried out as soon as possible for patients with poor efficacy of endoscopic treatment.

PMID:36273997 | DOI:10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103905

Acad Radiol. 2022 Oct 20:S1076-6332(22)00509-8. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.09.018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Combinations of multiple quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) are often able to predict the likelihood of an event of interest such as death or disease recurrence more effectively than single imaging measurements can alone. The development of such multiparametric quantitative imaging and evaluation of its fitness of use differs from the analogous processes for individual QIBs in several key aspects. A computational procedure to combine the QIB values into a model output must be specified. The output must also be reproducible and be shown to have reasonably strong ability to predict the risk of an event of interest. Attention must be paid to statistical issues not often encountered in the single QIB scenario, including overfitting and bias in the estimates of model performance. This is the fourth in a five-part series on statistical methodology for assessing the technical performance of multiparametric quantitative imaging. Considerations for data acquisition are discussed and recommendations from the literature on methodology to construct and evaluate QIB-based models for risk prediction are summarized. The findings in the literature upon which these recommendations are based are demonstrated through simulation studies. The concepts in this manuscript are applied to a real-life example involving prediction of major adverse cardiac events using automated plaque analysis.

PMID:36273996 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2022.09.018