Tag: pubmed

JAMA Dermatol. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4053. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

IMPORTANCE: To our knowledge, no study has prospectively investigated sunburn patterns over age periods from childhood to adulthood and their associations with skin cancer risk.

OBJECTIVE: To identify lifetime trajectories of sunburns and compare the association between these trajectories and subsequent risk of cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cohort study included participants from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, established in 1991, with follow-up through 2018. Baseline questionnaires were issued from 1991 to 2007, with follow-up questionnaires every 5 to 7 years. Data analysis was performed from March 16, 2021, to December 4, 2021.

EXPOSURES: Participants reported pigmentation factors, sunbathing vacations, and indoor tanning. Annual frequencies of sunburns were reported for childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Information on cancer diagnoses, emigration, and death were obtained through linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway using the unique personal identification number of Norwegian citizens.

RESULTS: Of the 172 472 women (age range, 31-70 years) who returned questionnaires, 169 768 received questions about sunburns at study inclusion. Five classes (stable low, low-moderate-low, low to high, high to low, and stable high) of individual lifetime sunburn trajectories with similar shapes were estimated in 3 samples up to 39 years (n = 159 773), up to 49 years (n = 153 297), and up to 59 years (n = 119 170). Mean follow-up ranged from 14.3 to 19.5 years in the 3 samples, during which 1252 to 1774 women were diagnosed with incident primary melanoma and 739 to 871 women with incident primary cSCC. With hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model, the stable high and high to low trajectories showed statistically significant increased melanoma and cSCC risks compared with the stable low trajectory across all samples (≤39 years for stable high and high to low trajectories: melanoma: HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.28-1.75] and HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.20-1.73]; cSCC: HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.22-1.87] and HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.14-1.91]). Other trajectories showed increased risk, though generally weaker and mainly estimates that were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity between melanoma and cSCC estimates.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study showed that high sunburn frequency throughout life was associated with increased melanoma and cSCC risk. Furthermore, sunburns in childhood are especially important for subsequent risk of these skin cancers. Avoiding sunburns throughout life, in particular in childhood, is therefore crucial.

PMID:36197657 | DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4053

J Mol Neurosci. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s12031-022-02072-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Neurexin1 gene is essential for formulating synaptic cell adhesion to establish synapses. In a previous work, 38 SNPs in Neurexin1 recoded in mental disorder patients have been collected. Five computational prediction tools have been used to predict the effect of SNPs on protein function and stability. Only four SNPs in Neurexin1α have deleterious prediction results from at least four tools. The current work aims to use molecular dynamic simulation (MD) to study the effects of the four mutations on Neurexin1α both on the whole protein as well as identifying affected domains by mutations. A protein model that consists of five domains out of six domains in the real protein was used; missing residues were added, and model was tested for quality. The MD experiment has last for 1.5 μs where four parameters have been used for studying the whole protein in addition to three more parameters for the domain analysis. The whole protein study has shown that two mutations E427I for Autism and R525C for non-syndromic intellectual disability (NSID) have distinctive behavior across the four used parameters. Domain study has confirmed the previous results where the five domains of R525C have acted differently from wild type (WT), while E427I has acted differently for four domains from wild type. The other two mutations D104H and G379E have three domains that only acted differently from wild type. The fourth domain of all mutations has an obvious distinctive behavior from wild type. Further study of E427I and R525C mutations can lead to better understanding of autism and NSID.

PMID:36197641 | DOI:10.1007/s12031-022-02072-0

Drugs. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01782-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Increasing endogenous tear film production via pharmacological neuroactivation of the nasolacrimal reflex [NLR; also known as the trigeminal parasympathetic pathway (TPP)] is a novel therapeutic approach to treating dry eye disease (DED). An intranasal formulation of the water-soluble, small-molecule, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist varenicline (Tyrvaya™) has been approved in the USA for the treatment of DED. Twice-daily administration of varenicline solution nasal spray resulted in rapid, statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in the signs and symptoms of DED over a period of 4 weeks in two pivotal studies (ONSET-1 and -2). The efficacy of varenicline solution was maintained over a longer-term period of 12 weeks in a third study (MYSTIC). Consistent with the nasal route of delivery, the most common adverse events reported by varenicline solution recipients were non-ocular in nature (mild and transient sneezing and cough). Thus, varenicline solution nasal spray is a rapidly-acting, effective and generally well tolerated treatment for DED that offers several potentially useful advantages over existing topical ocular therapies in terms of increasing endogenous tear secretion and reducing ophthalmic treatment burden.

PMID:36197638 | DOI:10.1007/s40265-022-01782-4

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23149-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Rising temperatures across the world is posing a serious challenge to the longevity of earth’s natural cycle. Use of private and conventional cars is growing year by year as standard of living continues to increase and affordability remaining no more of an issue for a significant proportion of the population. However, there has been a growing voice from segments of the society for a behavioural shift towards more sustainable modes of transport like usage of electric vehicles (EVs), mobility sharing and rental services and public transportation powered by electricity. One of the biggest importers of foreign crude oil, India, is reeling under immense pressure to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions and thereby contributing to environment protection. In India, the statistics or stock of EVs continues to remain poor when compared to its counterparts like China. Hence, this study is conducted to predict the influence of factors on purchase intention of consumers with respect to EVs in the Indian context. A questionnaire was prepared and circulated in New Delhi region to gather the responses people hold about this new technology based on the diffusion of innovation framework. The data of 225 respondents was analysed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software. Structural equation modelling technique was applied to test the hypotheses of this research. The results indicate that attitude has the most influential impact on purchase intention followed by related advantages but consumers also believe EVs to be complex in terms of their usability, limited availability and the absence of required public charging infrastructure. The mediating role of attitude between determinants of diffusion and purchase intention was also established except in the case of complexity. This study is contemporary and adds to the limited literature available on EV adoption in the Indian market by integrating attitudinal factor within the DOI framework. It also provides suitable insights to further the development of EVs in the domestic and global market.

PMID:36197612 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-23149-8

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s13555-022-00819-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Although previously regarded as a children’s disease, it is clear that atopic dermatitis (AD) is also highly prevalent in adults. Because AD is not associated with mortality, it is usually neglected compared with other, fatal diseases. However, several studies have highlighted that AD burden is significant due to its substantial humanistic burden and psychosocial effects. This study aims to summarize and quantify the clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of AD in adults and adolescents.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), EconPapers, The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR), The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH). Studies were included if they reported clinical, economic, or humanistic effects of AD on adults or adolescents, from January 2011 to December 2020. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment tool was used to assess risk of bias for the included studies. Regression models were used to explain the correlation between factors such as disease severity and quality of life (QoL).

RESULTS: Among 3400 identified records, 233 studies were included. Itch, depression, sleep disturbance, and anxiety were the most frequently reported parameters related to the clinical and humanistic burden of AD. The average utility value in studies not stratifying patients by severity was 0.779. The average direct cost of AD was 4411 USD, while the average indirect cost was 9068 USD annually.

CONCLUSIONS: The burden of AD is significant. The hidden disease burden is reflected in its high indirect costs and the psychological effect on QoL. The magnitude of the burden is affected by the severity level. The main limitation of this study is the heterogeneity of different studies in terms of data reporting, which led to the exclusion of potentially relevant data points from the summary statistics.

PMID:36197589 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-022-00819-6

J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s44197-022-00062-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has caused widespread psychological distress to Chinese college students. To explore the beneficial psychological effects of physical activity, this study accessed the relationship of Physical Activity (PA) and Subjective Well-being (SWB) among Chinese college students during the pandemic.

METHODS: A total of 1198 college students (aged between 17 and 40) from 8 universities in Wuhan, China, volunteered to finish the online questionnaire survey from February 17 to 20, 2020. General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS) was used to evaluate SWB, and Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3) was used to measure PA. The Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test, t test, and analysis of variance were used to compare the differences between groups based on different data types. A multi-factor linear regression analysis was performed on the factors affecting college students’ participation in physical activity during the pandemic. Differences were considered statistically significant when p < .05.

RESULTS: It found that: (1) The quality of physical activity during COVID-19 significantly and positively predicted subjective well-being (B = 2.512, p < .001), indicating that physical activity can effectively alleviate adverse mental health effects caused by the pandemic. (2) The pandemic has had a greater impact on the mental health of specific groups (such as seniors and rural college students). Supporting and encouraging them to participate in a certain level of sports activities can improve their subjective well-being, which is helpful for countering the pandemic’s adverse effects. (3) People should be encouraged to participate in sports at moderate or high levels.

CONCLUSION: PA can effectively alleviate the negative psychological impact of the pandemic. In general, during major public health emergencies, people should be supported and encouraged to regularly participate in physical activities at moderate or higher levels, to improve their subjective well-being, and maintain positive anti-pandemic attitudes and behavior.

PMID:36197597 | DOI:10.1007/s44197-022-00062-4

Eur Radiol. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-09119-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare image quality between a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm and conventional iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms in dual-energy CT (DECT) and to assess the impact of these algorithms on radiomics robustness.

METHODS: A phantom with clinical-relevant densities was imaged on seven DECT scanners with the same voxel size using typical abdominal-pelvis examination protocols. On one DECT scanner, raw data were reconstructed using both conventional IR (adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V, ASIR-V) and DLIR. Nine sets of corresponding images were generated on other six DECT scanners using scanner-equipped conventional IR. Regions of interest were delineated through rigid registrations. Image quality was compared. Pyradiomics platform was used for radiomics feature extraction. Test-retest repeatability was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis for repeated scans. Inter-reconstruction algorithm reproducibility between conventional IR and DLIR was tested by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Inter-scanner reproducibility was evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV) and quartile coefficient of dispersion (QCD). Robust features were identified.

RESULTS: DLIR significantly improved image quality. Ninety-four radiomics features were extracted and nine features were considered as robust. 93.87% features were repeatable between repeated scans. ASIR-V images showed higher reproducibility to other conventional IR than DLIR (ICC mean, 0.603 vs 0.558, p = 0.001; CCC mean, 0.554 vs 0.510, p = 0.004). 7.45% and 26.83% features were reproducible among scanners evaluated by CV and QCD, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: DLIR improves quality of DECT images but may alter radiomics features compared to conventional IR. Nine robust DECT radiomics features were identified.

KEY POINTS: • DLIR improves DECT image quality in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio compared with ASIR-V and showed the highest noise reduction rate and lowest peak frequency shift. • Most of radiomics features are repeatable between repeated DECT scans, while inter-reconstruction algorithm reproducibility between conventional IR and DLIR, and inter-scanner reproducibility, are low. • Although DLIR may alter radiomics features compared to IR algorithms, nine radiomics features survived repeatability and reproducibility analysis among DECT scanners and reconstruction algorithms, which allows further validation and clinical-relevant analysis.

PMID:36197579 | DOI:10.1007/s00330-022-09119-1

Obes Surg. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-06299-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an excessive growth and/or changed composition of bacteria in the small bowel. Obese patients are at increased risk of SIBO and related complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of SIBO after bariatric bypass procedures, connection between SIBO, symptoms, comorbidities, and liver pathology.

METHODS: Patients underwent a hydrogen breath test with glucose substrate (25 g/200 ml of water). The demographic, anthropometric data, comorbidities, and symptoms were analysed with a questionnaire. In 45 patients, the NAFLD Activity Score was evaluated in liver biopsies.

RESULTS: Glucose breath test was positive in 24/56 (43%) of patients and was associated with higher frequency of defecation (p = 0.022), lactose intolerance (p = 0.047), scleroderma (p = 0.042), irritable bowel syndrome (p = 0.018), and diabetes (p = 0.002). Mean NAFLD Activity Score in SIBO patients (n = 18) was 3.33 and 3.00 in non-SIBO patients (n = 27). In SIBO-positive cohort of patients, a statistically important trend in difference between NAS and difference to range value anti-Xa 4 h after subtherapeutic dose application was calculated.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SIBO after bariatric surgery bypass procedures is alarmingly high (43%). The results of our study conclude that diagnosis cannot be set based on specific symptom and SIBO is related to reduced response to the application of LMWH. Mandatory SIBO screening and appropriate treatment would affect the clinical outcome of the underlying disease, improve it significantly, and prevent the development of its complications.

PMID:36197573 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-022-06299-z

Int Urol Nephrol. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03366-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate endogenous testosterone density (ETD) predicting disease progression from clinically localized impalpable prostate cancer (PCa) presenting with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels elevated up to 10 ng/mL and treated with radical prostatectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a period ranging from November 2014 to December 2019, 805 consecutive PCa patients who were not under androgen blockade had endogenous testosterone (ET, ng/dL) measured before surgery. ETD was evaluated as the ratio of ET on prostate volume (PV). Unfavorable disease was defined as including ISUP ≥ 3 and/or seminal vesicle invasion in the surgical specimen. The risk of disease progression was evaluated by statistical methods.

RESULTS: Overall, the study selected 433 patients, of whom 353 (81.5%) had available follow-up. Unfavorable disease occurred in 46.7% of cases and was predicted by tumor quantitation features that were positively associated with ETD. Disease progression, which occurred for 46 (13%) cases, was independently predicted only by ETD (hazard ratio, HR = 1.037; 95% CI 1.004-1.072; p = 0.030) after adjusting for unfavorable disease. According to a multivariate model, ETD above the third quartile was confirmed to be an independent predictor for PCa progression (HR = 2.479; 95% CI 1.355-4.534; p = 0.003) after adjusting for unfavorable disease. The same ETD measurements, ET mean levels were significantly lower in progressing cancers.

CONCLUSIONS: In this particular subset of patients, increased ETD with low ET levels, indicating androgen independence, resulted in a more aggressive disease with poorer prognosis.

PMID:36197572 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-022-03366-3

J Neurol. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11400-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of the physiological endolymphatic space (ELS) is necessary to estimate endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) in patients with vestibulocochlear syndromes. Therefore, the current study investigated age-dependent changes in the ELS of participants with normal vestibulocochlear testing. Sixty-four ears of 32 participants with normal vestibulocochlear testing aged between 21 and 75 years (45.8 ± 17.2 years, 20 females, 30 right-handed, two left-handed) were examined by intravenous delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear (iMRI). Clinical diagnostics included neuro-otological assessment, video-oculography during caloric stimulation, and head-impulse test. iMRI data analysis provided semi-quantitative visual grading and automatic algorithmic quantitative segmentation of ELS volume (3D, mm³) using a deep learning-based segmentation of the inner ear’s total fluid space (TFS) and volumetric local thresholding, as described earlier. As a result, following a 4-point ordinal scale, a mild ELH (grade 1) was found in 21/64 (32.8%) ears uni- or bilaterally in either cochlear, vestibulum, or both. Age and ELS were found to be positively correlated for the inner ear (r(64) = 0.33, p < 0.01), and vestibulum (r(64) = 0.25, p < 0.05). For the cochlea, the values correlated positively without reaching significance (r(64) = 0.21). In conclusion, age-dependent increases of the ELS should be considered when evaluating potential ELH in single subjects and statistical group comparisons.

PMID:36197569 | DOI:10.1007/s00415-022-11400-8