Tag: pubmed

Eur J Epidemiol. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s10654-022-00900-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alcohol intake is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is limited knowledge on whether changing alcohol drinking habits during adulthood modifies CRC risk.

OBJECTIVE: Leveraging longitudinal exposure assessments on alcohol intake at different ages, we examined the relationship between change in alcohol intake and subsequent CRC risk.

METHODS: Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, changes in alcohol intake comparing follow-up with baseline assessments were investigated in relation to CRC risk. The analysis included 191,180, participants and 1530 incident CRC cases, with exclusion of the first three years of follow-up to minimize reverse causation. Trajectory profiles of alcohol intake, assessed at ages 20, 30, 40, 50 years, at baseline and during follow-up, were estimated using latent class mixed models and related to CRC risk, including 407,605 participants and 5,008 incident CRC cases.

RESULTS: Mean age at baseline was 50.2 years and the follow-up assessment occurred on average 7.1 years later. Compared to stable intake, a 12 g/day increase in alcohol intake during follow-up was positively associated with CRC risk (HR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.04, 1.25), while a 12 g/day reduction was inversely associated with CRC risk (HR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.78, 0.95). Trajectory analysis showed that compared to low alcohol intake, men who increased their alcohol intake from early- to mid- and late-adulthood by up to 30 g/day on average had significantly increased CRC risk (HR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.08, 1.42), while no associations were observed in women. Results were consistent by anatomical subsite.

CONCLUSIONS: Increasing alcohol intake during mid-to-late adulthood raised CRC risk, while reduction lowered risk.

PMID:36063305 | DOI:10.1007/s10654-022-00900-6

J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2022 Sep 5;12(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12348-022-00304-3.

ABSTRACT

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) capture impact of disease and treatment on quality of life, and have an emerging role in clinical trial outcome measurement. This study included a systematic review and quality appraisal of PROMs developed or validated for use in adults with uveitis or scleritis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and grey literature sources, to 5 November 2021. We used established quality criteria to grade each PROM instrument in multiple domains from A (high quality) to C (low quality), and assessed content development, validity, reliability and responsiveness. For instruments developed using classic test theory-based psychometric approaches, we assessed acceptability, item targeting and internal consistency. For instruments developed using Item Response Theory (IRT) (e.g. Rasch analysis), we assessed response categories, dimensionality, measurement precision, item fit statistics, differential item functioning and targeting. We identified and appraised four instruments applicable to certain uveitis types, but none for scleritis. Specifically, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ), a 3-part PROM for Birdshot retinochoroiditis (Birdshot Disease & Medication Symptoms Questionnaire [BD&MSQ], the quality of life (QoL) impact of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy [QoL BCR], and the QoL impact of BCR medication [QoL Meds], the Kings Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ), and a PROM for cytomegalovirus retinitis. These instruments had limited coverage for these heterogeneous conditions, with a focus on very rare subtypes. Psychometric appraisal revealed considerable variability between instruments, limited content development, and only one developed using Item Response Theory. In conclusion, there are few validated PROMs for patients with uveitis and none for scleritis, and existing instruments have suboptimal psychometric performance. We articulate why we do not recommend their inclusion as clinical trial outcome measures for drug licensing purposes, and highlight an unmet need for PROMs applicable to uveitis and scleritis.

PMID:36063293 | DOI:10.1186/s12348-022-00304-3

Psychiatr Q. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s11126-022-10000-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Psychiatry has experienced a rapid expansion in providing behavioral health services using virtual means; however, little is known regarding clinicians’ experience in managing patient emergencies during virtual encounters. We present survey data from a large academic psychiatry department designed to better understand safety planning while delivering ambulatory tele-behavioral health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical faculty in the department were sent an anonymous electronic survey developed and distributed using the Qualtrics™ software. Departmental leadership provided a list of clinicians who performed ambulatory care. SAS 9.4 was used to conduct statistical analysis for associations between variables. Approximately one quarter (23.3%) of respondents engaged in proactive safety planning for most of their outpatient virtual visits, while a little over half (53.2%) of clinicians implemented emergent safety planning between just one to five visits. Clinicians who more frequently implemented emergency protocols were more likely to engage in proactive safety planning prior to emergencies (p = 0.0115). 10.8% of participants petitioned for civil commitment, though those that did identified numerous challenges. Our results reinforce the importance in appropriate training regarding best practices while providing tele-behavioral health care, with increased awareness for conducting safety planning and implementing emergent protocols. Furthermore, while petitioning for civil commitment is a relatively low base rate event in a large outpatient practice, these data and narrative feedback help to outline challenges and potential measures to improve this process for all parties. Increased attention to protocols and procedures are key as the utilization of virtual care within psychiatry continues.

PMID:36063291 | DOI:10.1007/s11126-022-10000-z

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22661-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a positive-strand RNA belonging to Coronaviridae family, along with MERS and SARS. Since its first report in 2019 in Wuhan, China, it has affected over 530 million people and led to 6.3 million deaths worldwide until June 2022. Despite eleven vaccines being used worldwide already, new variants are of concern. Therefore, the governing bodies are re-evaluating the strategies for achieving universal vaccination. Initially, the WHO expected that vaccines showing around 50-80% efficacy would develop in 1-2 years. However, US-FDA announced emergency approval of the two m-RNA vaccines within 11 months of vaccine development, which enabled early vaccination for healthcare workers in many countries. Later, in January 2021, 63 vaccine candidates were under human clinical trials and 172 under preclinical development. Currently, the number of such clinical studies is still increasing. In this review, we have summarized the updates on the clinical status of the COVID-19 and the available treatments. Additionally, COVID-19 had created negative impacts on world’s economy; affected agriculture, industries, and tourism service sectors; and majorly affected low-income countries. The review discusses the clinical outcomes, latest statistics, socio-economic impacts of pandemic and treatment approaches against SARS-CoV-2, and strategies against the new variant of concern. The review will help understand the current status of vaccines and other therapies while also providing insights about upcoming vaccines and therapies for COVID-19 management.

PMID:36063274 | DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-22661-1

Tech Coloproctol. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s10151-022-02675-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Complex perianal fistulas are a major challenge for modern surgery since 10-35% of patients have functional problems after treatment. Sphincter-saving techniques have a wide range of efficacy (10-80%). We hypothesised that autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in combination with platelet rich plasma is a new therapeutic strategy with enhanced cure and function preservation rates.

METHODS: Adult patients with complex cryptoglandular perianal fistulas were treated with injection of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in combination with platelet rich plasma around and inside the fistulous tract between May 2018 and April 2019 at the General and Emergency Surgery Operative Unit of the University Hospital “P. Giaccone” of Palermo. Fistulas were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Patients completed the Short Form-36 score on quality of life and the Wexner and Vaizey scores on faecal incontinence, and they were functionally studied using a three-dimensional anorectal manometry. The clinical and functional follow-up was performed at 1 year and 2 years after surgery.

RESULTS: Nine patients (4 males, 5 females; median age 42 years [19-63 years]) with high trans-sphincteric or horseshoe fistulas were treated. The average number of previous surgeries per patient was 4.8. At 1 year follow-up, 77.7% of patients were cured, while at 2 years there was 1case of relapse. The variation in Short Form-36 score in cured patients was not significant (p = 0.0936). No statistically significant differences were found in continence scores.

CONCLUSIONS: The proposed treatment is a treatment option that preserves sphincter integrity and function, potentially avoiding postoperative incontinence and the need of repeated treatments.

PMID:36063257 | DOI:10.1007/s10151-022-02675-0

Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s10792-022-02484-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Strabismus, whether congenital or acquired, is a common visual and cosmetic problem, especially for the young. Adjustable suture strabismus surgery is not in vogue in our country. This technique gives the surgeon a second attempt to provide a better outcome for the patients. Our objective was to assess the long-term success of adjustable strabismus surgery in terms of postoperative alignment.

METHODS: We carried out a prospective study utilizing the fornix approach for adjustable strabismus surgery, in mainly horizontal, but also vertical strabismus in adults and cooperative children, to enhance the postoperative outcomes. The patient characteristics, preoperative deviation, type and pattern of strabismus, were evaluated and analyzed. The postoperative alignment was evaluated at 1 year and beyond, to assess the success of this adjustable surgery.

RESULTS: This study recruited 50 adults and children with a female predominance of 39 (78%); and with the mean age being 18.34 ± 9.88 years. Exotropia was the primary diagnosis in the majority with 21 (42%) cases; with purely horizontal strabismus in 23 (46%) cases. The mean preoperative horizontal deviation was 48.76 ± 20.35 prism diopters (PD) and the mean postoperative horizontal deviation was 2.73 ± 3.63 PD. The mean preoperative vertical deviation was 4.8 ± 8.54 PD whereas the mean postoperative vertical deviation was 0.86 ± 1.73 PD. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test analyzed the difference between the two which was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Surgical success, defined as postoperative horizontal alignment within ≤ 10 PD of orthotropia at the end of one year or more of follow-up after surgery, was achieved in 49 (98%) cases. The average follow-up was 21.47 ± 8.7 months.

CONCLUSION: Adjustable strabismus surgery has very good long-term outcomes in terms of postoperative alignment and patient satisfaction.

PMID:36063247 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-022-02484-2

J Mol Model. 2022 Sep 5;28(10):293. doi: 10.1007/s00894-022-05267-9.

ABSTRACT

Quantum tunneling of the ammonia inversion motion and energy level splittings in He and Ar clusters were investigated. It was found that the double well potential (DWP) in He clusters is symmetrical and that the first layer of He atoms is able to model the system. The calculated tunneling splitting was in good agreement with the experimental, 36.4 and 24.6 cm[Formula: see text] respectively. For NH[Formula: see text] in Ar clusters, the DWP becomes slightly asymmetric, which is enough to decrease the resonance and make the symmetric DWP unable to model the system. An asymmetric potential was used and the result was in excellent agreement with the experimental splitting, of 9.0 and 10.6 cm[Formula: see text] respectively. Non-covalent interactions revealed that the asymmetry is caused by dissimilar interactions in each minimum of the double well potential. The effects of different methodologies were analyzed via a design of experiments approach. For the gas-phase NH[Formula: see text] molecule, only diffuse functions were statistically significant while for the NH[Formula: see text] embedded in He cluster both the MP2 method and polarization functions were significant. This tendency suggests higher order polarization functions may be essential to generate accurate barrier heights.

PMID:36063224 | DOI:10.1007/s00894-022-05267-9

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s00432-022-04336-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Recent developments in genomic sequencing have led to the identification of somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in various malignancies. IDH1 R132H is the most common mutation of IDH1, which affects codon 132 and results in the conversion of amino acid residue arginine (R) to histidine (H). This study is designed to evaluate the association between the expression of IDH1 R132H and clinicopathological characteristics in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

METHODS: The expression pattern and clinical significance of IDH1 R132H were investigated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 50 LSCC tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Then the exons of the 12 tumor samples with negative/weak positive staining were sequenced by applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H was downregulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues. A statistically significant association was found between a low level of cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H protein and an increase in histological grade (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.019), and lymph node involvement (p < 0.001). The exon4 sequencing results showed that only one sample was positive for IDH1 R132H mutation. IDH1 R132H expression was observed in 39 (78.0%) LSCC samples.

CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that low cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H may have clinical significance in LSCC patients and is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and progression of the disease, which can help improve potential treatment in patients with LSCC. Further investigations are needed to understand the biological function of IDH1 R132H and larger sample size to confirm our findings.

PMID:36063222 | DOI:10.1007/s00432-022-04336-z

Neurosurg Rev. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s10143-022-01855-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a disease that is extremely rarely reported. Sporadic MA is occasionally combined with meningioma or other lesions (identified as non-pure MA). This retrospective study investigated the difference between pure MA and non-pure MA by exploring clinical manifestations, histopathology characteristics, and outcomes of MA after surgery. We reviewed the medical records of 36 histopathologically confirmed MA patients (18 pure MA and 18 non-pure MA) who received surgery at our institution between 2012 and 2021. We compared differences in demographic, clinical, imaging, pathological features, and surgical outcomes between pure MA and non-pure MA through descriptive statistics. Compared to non-pure MA, pure MA presented with a more prominent male predilection (5:1 vs. 1.57:1, P = 0.264), a higher seizure incidence (83.3% vs 50.0%, P = 0.038), a more seizure type of GTCS (14/15 vs 5/9, P = 0.047), a less prominent enhancement on MRI (27.8% vs 88.9%, P < 0.001) and a preference of temporal and frontal lobe (100% vs 44.4%, P < 0.001). The differences in clinical characteristics between pure MA and non-pure MA demonstrate their disparate biological natures. Pure MA seems to be a non-neoplastic lesion, while non-pure MA is commonly combined with meningioma, which is a neoplastic lesion. A correct differential diagnosis can be achieved via a triad of the type of seizure, the location of lesion and the radiological presentation. MA is curable and the prognosis is excellent as most patients are free of seizure and recurrence after surgical treatment.

PMID:36063221 | DOI:10.1007/s10143-022-01855-8

Biol Cybern. 2022 Sep 5. doi: 10.1007/s00422-022-00941-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Fifty years ago, Wilson and Cowan developed a mathematical model to describe the activity of neural populations. In this seminal work, they divided the cells in three groups: active, sensitive and refractory, and obtained a dynamical system to describe the evolution of the average firing rates of the populations. In the present work, we investigate the impact of the often neglected refractory state and show that taking it into account can introduce new dynamics. Starting from a continuous-time Markov chain, we perform a rigorous derivation of a mean-field model that includes the refractory fractions of populations as dynamical variables. Then, we perform bifurcation analysis to explain the occurrence of periodic solutions in cases where the classical Wilson-Cowan does not predict oscillations. We also show that our mean-field model is able to predict chaotic behavior in the dynamics of networks with as little as two populations.

PMID:36063212 | DOI:10.1007/s00422-022-00941-w