Tag: pubmed

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Feb;68(2):245-249. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211040.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The infection caused by coronavirus disease 2019 can lead to respiratory sequelae in individuals who have experienced severe or mild symptoms.

METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was developed, following the STROBE guidelines. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures were assessed in 50 healthy young students (26 women, 24 men; age 22.20±2.41 years). The inclusion criteria were as follows: aged between 18 and 35 years; control group: not diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019; and coronavirus disease 2019 group: diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019, at least 6 months ago. The exclusion criteria were as follows: obese/overweight; infected with coronavirus disease 2019 or coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms in the last 6 months; smokers; and asthmatics.

RESULTS: When comparing with groups, the coronavirus disease 2019 group presented statistically significant lower maximal inspiratory pressure values compared with the control group (88.32±16.62 vs. 101.01±17.42 cm H2O; p=0.01). Regarding the maximal expiratory pressure, no significant differences were found. Similar results were found when performing a subgroup analysis by sex and group.

CONCLUSIONS: Young students who suffered from coronavirus disease 2019 asymptomatically or mildly at least 6 months ago presented a significant decrease in the inspiratory muscle strength as a sequel, so we believe that patients affected by this disease should have a brief postinfection assessment of this musculature to detect the indication for cardiorespiratory rehabilitation.

PMID:35239890 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20211040

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Feb;68(2):217-221. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210833.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at the oral health problems of elderly patients with diabetes. A training course of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine was constructed, helping patients improve their oral health quality of life.

METHODS: A randomized controlled prospective experimental study was conducted. A total of 190 elderly patients were divided randomly into an observation group and a control group with 95 cases in each. The control group received regular health education, while the observation group was based on the control group to implement the integrated experiential learning of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in small groups. The oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior, and blood glucose control status along with the oral health quality of life of the two groups were compared before the intervention and at 3-month postintervention.

RESULTS: Three months after the intervention, the fasting blood glucose control and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose/glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the observation group were significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The oral health quality of life in the observation group was significantly better than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The small-group experiential learning model of integrated Chinese and Western medicine can promote the transformation of knowledge-beliefs-behaviors in elderly patients with diabetes, which is conducive to controlling blood sugar levels and improving the quality of oral health.

PMID:35239885 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20210833

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Feb;68(2):183-190. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210890.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to ascertain the long-term respiratory effects of COVID-19 pneumonia through pulmonary function tests in follow-ups at 1 and 6 months.

METHODS: Our study was conducted between August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2021. At 1 month after discharge, follow-up evaluations, PFTs, and lung imaging were performed on patients aged above 18 years who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. In the 6th month, the PFTs were repeated for those with pulmonary dysfunction.

RESULTS: A total of 219 patients (mean age, 49±11.9 years) were included. Pathological PFT results were noted in the 1st month for 80 patients and in the 6th month for 46 (7 had obstructive disorder, 15 had restrictive disorder, and 28 had small airway obstruction) patients. A significant difference was found between abnormal PFT results and patient-described dyspnea in the 1st month of follow-up. The 6-month PFT values (especially those for forced vital capacity) were statistically significantly lower in the patients for whom imaging did not indicate complete radiological improvement at the 1-month follow-up. No statistically significant difference was found between the severity of the first computed tomography findings or clinical condition on emergency admission and pulmonary dysfunction (Pearson’s chi-square test, P=0.904; Fisher’s exact test, P=0.727).

CONCLUSION: It is important that patients with COVID-19 pneumonia be followed up for at least 1 month after discharge to be monitored for potential long-term lung damage. PFTs should be administered to those in whom ongoing dyspnea, which started with COVID-19, and/or full recovery were not identified in pulmonary imaging.

PMID:35239879 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20210890

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Feb;68(2):196-201. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211007.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 outbreak has become widespread globally and caused a new global chaos. This outbreak that completely affected the lifestyle of individuals resulted in periods of isolation. Here, we evaluated the effects of lifestyle changes with isolation on constipation.

METHODS: A survey on constipation was performed during the 12-week isolation period starting in March 2020 in Turkey. Data of 390 individuals who participated in the survey through the social media and who were actively employed prior to isolation were analyzed. Rome IV criteria were used to evaluate constipation.

RESULTS: Among the participants in the study, 253 (64.9%) were women with the mean age of 39.5±9.5 years. A statistically significant association was found between the decreased water consumption during the isolation period and constipation after the isolation (p=0.020; p<0.05). A significant association was found between the changes in physical activity and constipation after the isolation (p=0.013; p<0.05). New development of constipation during the isolation or declaration of increased constipation was found to be statistically associated with post-isolation constipation according to Rome criteria (p=0.000; p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The data of this present study demonstrated that isolation period was effective on the newly developed constipation. Decreased physical activity and water consumption are also effective on constipation.

PMID:35239881 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20211007

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Feb;68(2):147-151. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210753.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Beta-thalassemia minor is a blood disease caused by a hereditary decrease in beta-globin synthesis, frequently leading to hypochromic microcytic anemia. Formerly called endothelial cell-specific molecule 1, endocan is a proteoglycan released by vascular endothelial cells in many organs. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the beta-thalassemia minor patients and the healthy control group in terms of serum endocan level.

METHODS: The study was performed in a total of 80 subjects. They were divided into two groups, the beta-thalassemia minor group (n=40) and the healthy control group (n=40). Serum endocan levels, age, sex, body mass index value, and tobacco use data of these groups were compared.

RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of age, sex, and body mass index values (p>0.05). Endocan levels were measured to be 206.85±88.1 pg/mL in the beta-thalassemia minor group and 236.1±162.8 pg/mL in the control group with no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum endocan levels (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: In our study, there was no change in endocan level in beta-thalassemia minor. This might be because serum endocan levels are affected by multi-factorial reasons. Serum endocan levels may be altered secondarily to decreased beta-globin chain, increased sympathetic activity due to anemia, or platelet dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in beta-thalassemia minor. Further multicenter studies involving more patients are necessary to demonstrate this.

PMID:35239873 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20210753

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2022 Feb 25;64:e18. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946202264018. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in the world and a challenge for control programs. In Brazil, 99% of cases occur in the Amazon region. In the extra-Amazonian region, a non-endemic area, epidemiological surveillance focuses on imported malaria and on autochthonous outbreaks, including cases with mild symptoms and low parasitemia acquired in the Atlantic Forest biome. In this scenario, cases are likely to be underreported, since submicroscopic parasitemias are not detected by thick blood smear, considered the reference test. Molecular tests are more sensitive, detecting asymptomatic individuals and mixed infections. The aim of this study was to propose a more efficient alternative to detect asymptomatic individuals living in areas of low malaria endemicity, as they are reservoirs of Plasmodium that maintain transmission locally. In total, 955 blood samples from residents of 16 municipalities with autochthonous malaria outbreaks in the Sao Paulo State were analyzed; 371 samples were collected in EDTA tubes and 584 in filter paper. All samples were initially screened by a genus-specific qPCR targeting ssrRNA genes (limit of detection of 1 parasite/µL). Then, positive samples were subjected to a nested PCR targeting ssrRNA and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase genes (limit of detection of 10 parasites/µL) to determine Plasmodium species. The results showed a statistically significant difference (K = 0.049; p < 0.0001) between microscopy positivity (6.9%) and qPCR (22.9%) for EDTA-blood samples. Conversely, for samples collected in filter paper, no statistical difference was observed, with 2.6% positivity by thick blood smear and 3.1% for qPCR (K = 0.036; p = 0.7). Samples positive by qPCR were assayed by a species-specific nested PCR that was in turn positive in 26% of samples (16 P. vivax and 4 P. malariae ). The results showed that molecular protocols applied to blood samples from residents in areas with autochthonous transmission of malaria were useful to detect asymptomatic patients who act as a source of transmission. The results showed that the genus-specific qPCR was useful for screening positives, with the subsequent identification of species by nested PCR. Additional improvements, such as standardization of blood plotting on filter paper and a more sensitive protocol for species determination, are essential. The qPCR-based algorithm for screening positives followed by nested PCR will contribute to more efficient control of malaria transmission, offering faster and more sensitive tools to detect asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoirs.

PMID:35239862 | DOI:10.1590/S1678-9946202264018

Rev Bras Enferm. 2022 Feb 25;75Suppl 3(Suppl 3):e20210263. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0263. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to determine the factors associated with stress, anxiety and depression, concomitantly, in nursing professionals who work in the hospital context.

METHODS: a quantitative and cross-sectional study with 353 nursing professionals from a hospital. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 were used. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, difference and correlation tests.

RESULTS: the main factors associated with stress, anxiety and depression, concomitantly, were being female, compromised family and social support, lack of autonomy at work, hostile relationship with colleagues, lack of professional recognition and satisfaction, feeling of being overwhelmed and insecurity.

CONCLUSIONS: demographic, physiological, social and work factors impact the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in nursing professionals. The adoption of coping strategies for modifiable factors should be considered, in order to provide better quality of life for these professionals.

PMID:35239860 | DOI:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0263

J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2022 Mar 3. doi: 10.23736/S0021-9509.22.12275-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) to provide aortic surgeons with a bloodless operative field while simultaneously protecting the brain and peripheries from ischaemic damage revolutionised cardiac and aortic surgery, and is currently used in specialist centres across the globe. However, it is associated with manifold adverse outcomes, including neurocognitive dysfunction and mortality. This review seeks to analyse the relationship between DHCA duration and clinical outcome, and evaluate the controversies and limitations surrounding its use.

METHODS: We performed a review of available literature with statistical analysis to evaluate the relationship between DHCA duration (< 40 min and > 40 min) and key clinical outcomes, including mortality, permanent and temporary neurological deficit, renal damage, admission length, and reintervention rate. The controversies surrounding DHCA use and future directions for care are also explored.

RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed no significant association (P > 0.05) between DHCA duration and clinical outcomes (early and late mortality rates, neurological deficit, admission length, and reintervention rate), both with and without adjunctive perfusion techniques.

CONCLUSIONS: Available literature suggests that the relationships between DHCA duration (with and without adjunctive perfusion) and clinical outcomes are unclear, and at present not statistically significant. Alternative surgical and endovascular techniques have been identified as promising novel approaches not requiring DHCA, as have the use of biomarkers to enable early diagnosis and intervention for aortic pathologies.

PMID:35238523 | DOI:10.23736/S0021-9509.22.12275-5

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2022;122(1. Vyp. 2):59-64. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202212201259.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of diet on the gut microbiota and to assess the relationship of these factors with depression.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Microorganisms that predominate in depressed patients were identified and associations of the identified organisms with the patients’ diet were performed. Fourteen depressed patients and 14 healthy volunteers with the same socio-demographic parameters were included in the study. The Hamilton Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Questionnaire were used.

RESULTS: Erysipelatoclostridium and Clostridium innocuum species were 11.3 and 14.4 times higher in depressed patients compared with healthy controls. Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia faecis species, as well as members of the genus Roseburia were statistically significantly more abundant in the healthy volunteers group (6.5, 2.14, 8.75 and 5.2 times more frequently compared to patients). The presence of these microorganisms was correlated with dietary components.

CONCLUSION: Our study revealed groups of microorganisms that differ in healthy volunteers and depressed patients. The association of these microorganisms with the diet was shown, which partially confirmed the influence of a «healthy diet» on the development of depressive disorders.

PMID:35238513 | DOI:10.17116/jnevro202212201259

Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2022 Mar 3. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51533. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We compared the proteomic signatures of the hippocampal lesion induced in three different animal models of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE+HS): the systemic pilocarpine model (PILO), the intracerebroventricular kainic acid model (KA), and the perforant pathway stimulation model (PPS).

METHODS: We used shotgun proteomics to analyze the proteomes and find enriched biological pathways of the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG) isolated from the hippocampi of the three animal models. We also compared the proteomes obtained in the animal models to that from the DG of patients with pharmacoresistant MTLE+HS.

RESULTS: We found that each animal model presents specific profiles of proteomic changes. The PILO model showed responses predominantly related to neuronal excitatory imbalance. The KA model revealed alterations mainly in synaptic activity. The PPS model displayed abnormalities in metabolism and oxidative stress. We also identified common biological pathways enriched in all three models, such as inflammation and immune response, which were also observed in tissue from patients. However, none of the models could recapitulate the profile of molecular changes observed in tissue from patients.

SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicate that each model has its own set of biological responses leading to epilepsy. Thus, it seems that only using a combination of the three models may one replicate more closely the mechanisms underlying MTLE+HS as seen in patients.

PMID:35238489 | DOI:10.1002/acn3.51533