Tag: pubmed

Urol Int. 2021 Dec 15:1-5. doi: 10.1159/000520373. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of 16 G biopsy needle in transperineal template-guided prostate biopsy (TTPB), compared with 18 G biopsy needle.

METHODS: The patients who underwent TTPB from August 2020 to February 2021 were randomized into 2 groups using a random number table. The control group (n = 65) and the observation group (n = 58) performed biopsy with 18 G (Bard MC l820) and 16 G (Bard MC l616) biopsy needles, respectively. Positive rate of biopsy, Gleason score, complications, and pain score were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The age, prostate volume, PSA, and the number of cores were comparable between the 2 groups. The positive rate of biopsy in the observation group was 68.9% (40/58), meanwhile the control group was 46.2% (30/65). There was statistical difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.011). Gleason score of the observation group (8 [7-9]) was higher than that of the control group (8 [6-9]) (p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in pain score and complications including hematuria, hematospermia, perineal hematoma, infection, and urinary retention between the 2 groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: 16 G biopsy needle significantly improved the positive rates and accurately evaluate the nature of lesions, meanwhile did not increase the incidence of complications compared with 18 G biopsy needle.

PMID:34915528 | DOI:10.1159/000520373

Urol Int. 2021 Dec 16:1-7. doi: 10.1159/000520597. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bladder wall thickness (BWT) (using transabdominal ultrasound) on the outcomes of antimuscarinic treatment in women with overactive bladder.

METHODS: A total of 102 female patients with symptoms of OAB were recruited. All patients completed the Overactive Bladder version 8 (OAB-V8) (Arabic validation) and the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF). Patients completed the urodynamic study (UDS) including uroflowmetry and PVR and measures of BWT by transabdominal ultrasound. The patients were classified into 2 major groups: G1 (patients with BWT <5 mm) and G2 (patients with BWT ≥5 mm). The patients were re-evaluated after 3-month medication with solifenacin 10-mg oral tablet.

RESULTS: At baseline, the results of OAB-V8 and ICIQ-SF were significantly higher in G2 than G1 (p < 0.001). Regarding UDS, volume at 1st desire to void, volume at strong desire to void, and MBC were significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (p = 0.001). Intravesical pressure at strong desire and patients’ number of DO were significantly increased in G2 (p < 0.05 and p = 0.001, respectively). After treatment, there was an improvement in both groups regarding OAB-V8, ICIQ-SF, bladder volume at 1st desire to void, bladder volume at strong desire to void, bladder volume at DO, MBC, intravesical pressure at strong desire, and the patients’ number with DO (decreased), and these improvements were statistically significant in group 1 compared to group 2 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: BWT showed a significant association with both OAB symptom scores and UDS parameters. The decrease in BWT is associated with a significantly higher response to solifenacin therapy regarding the UDS results.

PMID:34915529 | DOI:10.1159/000520597

Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2021 Dec 16. doi: 10.1159/000521364. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In the last years, spinal anesthesia (SA) has emerging as alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for the laparoscopic treatment of gynecological diseases, for better control of postoperative pain. The aim of the review is to compare the advantages of SA compared to GA.

METHODS: MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched from inception until March 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) about women who underwent SA and GA for gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Relevant data were extracted and tabulated.

RESULTS: The primary outcomes included the evaluation of postoperative pain (described as shoulder pain), postoperative nausea and vomiting, and operative times. One hundred and eight patients were included in RCTs, 58 in NRSs. The qualitative analysis had conflicting results and for the most of parameters (hemodynamic variables, nausea and postoperative analgesic administration) no statistically significant differences were observed: in the NRSs studies, contradictory results regarding the postoperative pain in SA and GA groups were reported. Regarding the quantitative analysis, in the RCT studies, women who received SA had not significantly lower operative times (RR -4.40, 95% CI -9.32 to 0.53) and a lower incidence of vomiting (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.55); on the other hand, in the NRS studies, women who received SA had longer operative times (RR 5.05, 95% CI -0.03 to 10.14) and more episodes of vomiting (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.10 to 2.97) compared to those with GA: anyway, the outcomes proved to be insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests no significant advantages to using SA over GA for laparoscopic treatment of gynecological diseases.

PMID:34915508 | DOI:10.1159/000521364

Biom J. 2021 Dec 16. doi: 10.1002/bimj.202000334. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Zeros in compositional data are very common and can be classified into rounded and essential zeros. The rounded zero refers to a small proportion or below detection limit value, while the essential zero refers to the complete absence of the component in the composition. In this article, we propose a new framework for analyzing compositional data with zero entries by introducing a stochastic representation. In particular, a new distribution, namely the Dirichlet composition distribution, is developed to accommodate the possible essential-zero feature in compositional data. We derive its distributional properties (e.g., its moments). The calculation of maximum likelihood estimates via the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm will be proposed. The regression model based on the new Dirichlet composition distribution will be considered. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodologies. Finally, our method is employed to analyze a dataset of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosome detection.

PMID:34914842 | DOI:10.1002/bimj.202000334

Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021 Dec 16. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14424. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a global threat to swine production and sustainable pork supply. Without a commercially available vaccine, prevention of ASFV entry and spread is reliant on biosecurity and early detection of infection. Although ASFV ingestion in swill or feed by naïve pigs is a likely route of initial introduction, controlled experimental studies rarely utilize natural consumption as the infection route. In the current study, we utilized biological samples collected from pigs 5 days after natural consumption of ASFV in feed and liquid to assess diagnostic sensitivity for early detection of virus infection. Biological samples (serum, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and feces) were assessed for the presence of ASFV using quantitative PCR and virus isolation. Statistical methods modeled the detection sensitivity of each sample type with each diagnostic assay in individual samples. Our results provide important information that can be incorporated into ASFV surveillance programs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34914859 | DOI:10.1111/tbed.14424

J Exp Med. 2022 Feb 7;219(2):e20211381. doi: 10.1084/jem.20211381. Epub 2021 Dec 16.

ABSTRACT

In rare instances, pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a novel immunodysregulation syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We compared MIS-C immunopathology with severe COVID-19 in adults. MIS-C does not result in pneumocyte damage but is associated with vascular endotheliitis and gastrointestinal epithelial injury. In MIS-C, the cytokine release syndrome is characterized by IFNγ and not type I interferon. Persistence of patrolling monocytes differentiates MIS-C from severe COVID-19, which is dominated by HLA-DRlo classical monocytes. IFNγ levels correlate with granzyme B production in CD16+ NK cells and TIM3 expression on CD38+/HLA-DR+ T cells. Single-cell TCR profiling reveals a skewed TCRβ repertoire enriched for TRBV11-2 and a superantigenic signature in TIM3+/CD38+/HLA-DR+ T cells. Using NicheNet, we confirm IFNγ as a central cytokine in the communication between TIM3+/CD38+/HLA-DR+ T cells, CD16+ NK cells, and patrolling monocytes. Normalization of IFNγ, loss of TIM3, quiescence of CD16+ NK cells, and contraction of patrolling monocytes upon clinical resolution highlight their potential role in MIS-C immunopathogenesis.

PMID:34914824 | DOI:10.1084/jem.20211381

J Clin Psychol. 2021 Dec 16. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23292. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Feature heterogeneity and diagnostic overlap occur regularly among patients in clinical settings. In interpersonal reconstructive therapy (IRT), a case formulation focused on patterns learned in close attachment relationships guides intervention choices. This study illustrates how IRT formulation and treatment proceed, and how it may also fail when there is not close adherence to underlying principles. Don is a music professor in his 40’s with a significant trauma history and complex diagnostic profile that includes many hospitalizations and suicide attempts. He qualified for several diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders personality disorders via formal diagnostic interviews (obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, passive-aggressive, narcissistic), as well as major depression, generalized anxiety, and substance abuse. Don’s formulation demonstrates how self-destruction can function as a “gift of love” to internalized representations of important caregivers. Data from work with patients like Don confirm the usefulness of Benjamin’s IRT lens for navigating comorbidity, as well as the importance of underlying principles of change.

PMID:34914841 | DOI:10.1002/jclp.23292

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 16;16(12):e0261300. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261300. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) imposes a substantial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Hospital-to-home transitional care, involving time-limited interventions delivered predominantly by nurses, was introduced to lighten this burden. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and dose-response of nurse-led transitional care interventions (TCIs) on healthcare utilization among patients with HF.

METHODS: Health-related databases were systematically searched for articles published from January 2000 to June 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared nurse-led TCIs with usual care for adults hospitalized with HF and reported the following healthcare utilization outcomes: all-cause readmissions, HF-specific readmissions, emergency department visits, or length of hospital stay. Random-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression analysis, and dose-response analysis were performed to estimate the treatment effects and explain the heterogeneity.

RESULTS: Twenty-five RCTs including 8422 patients with HF were included. Nurse-led TCIs for patients with HF resulted in a mean 9% (RR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.99; p = 0.04; I2 = 46%) and 29% (RR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.84; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) reduction in all-cause and HF-specific readmission risks respectively compared to usual care. The interventions were also effective in shortening the length of hospital stay (MD = -2.37; 95% CI = -3.16 to -1.58; p < 0.0001; I2 = 14%). However, no significant reduction was found for emergency department visits (RR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.84 to 1.10; p = 0.58; I2 = 0%). The effect of meta-regression coefficients on all-cause and HF-specific readmissions was not statistically significant for any prespecified trial-level characteristic. Dose-response analysis revealed that the HF-specific readmission risk decreased in a dose-dependent manner with the complexity and intensity of nurse-led TCIs.

CONCLUSIONS: Nurse-led TCIs were effective in decreasing all-cause and HF-specific readmission risks, as well as in reducing the length of hospital stay; however, the interventions were not effective in reducing the frequency of emergency department visits.

PMID:34914810 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0261300

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 16;16(12):e0261437. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261437. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: At present, the focus of the fighting against COVID-19 in China is shifting to strictly prevent the entrance of cases from abroad and disease transmission. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to better understand the clinical features of imported cases from overseas countries, which is conductive to formulate the corresponding countermeasures. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 cases imported from Russia through the Suifenhe port, in order to identify baseline and clinical data associated with disease progression and present corresponding countermeasures.

METHODS: All COVID-19 cases imported from Russia through the Suifenhe port were included in this retrospective study. According to the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (seventh edition)”, imported COVID-19 cases were divided into asymptomatic infection, mild, moderate, severe, and critical groups. Baseline and clinical data, including age, gender, comorbidities, disease severity, symptoms at onset, body temperature, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte (LYMPH) count, lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), C-reactive protein (CRP), oxygenation index (OI), and the use therapeutic modalities were obtained on admission, and then compared between groups.

RESULTS: A total of 375 COVID-19 cases imported from Russia through Suifenhe port were included, of whom the asymptomatic infection, mild, moderate, severe, and critical groups accounted for 4.0%, 13.9%, 75.5%, 5.3%, and 1.3%, respectively. The majority of the imported COVID-19 cases were men (61.9%) with a median age of 38.72 years who had no comorbidity (87.7%). Nearly one-third of them (33.1%) were asymptomatic at onset, and common initial symptoms included fever (36.5%), cough (36.0%), pharyngeal discomfort (12.3%), expectoration (8.0%), and chest tightness (5.3%). In total, 180 (48%) and 4 (1.1%) enrolled imported cases received nasal tube oxygen inhalation therapy and high-flow oxygen absorption, respectively; the remaining patients did not undergo oxygen therapy. The values of age, body temperature, WBC, LYMPH, LYM%, CRP, and OI were 38.72 ± 10.50, 35.10 ± 7.92, 5.59 ± 1.97, 1.67 ± 0.68, 31.05 ± 10.22, 8.00 ± 14.75, and 389.03 ± 74.07, respectively. Gender, age, LYMPH, LYM%, symptoms at onset, cough, fever, other rare symptoms, and oxygen therapy showed significant differences between groups (P = 0.036, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.045, < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with domestic confirmed patients, COVID-19 patients who arrived at China from Russia through the Suifenhe port had significantly different clinical features, and the differences in gender, age, LYMPH, LYM%, symptoms at onset, cough, fever, other rare symptoms, and oxygen therapy between groups were statistically significant. Therefore, detailed and comprehensive countermeasures were developed to manage and prevent another outbreak based on these clinical features.

PMID:34914808 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0261437

PLoS One. 2021 Dec 16;16(12):e0261301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261301. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Infant and young child feeding is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. Nepal government has developed and implemented different programs to improve infant and young child feeding practice. However, the practice remains poor and is a major cause of malnutrition in Nepal. This study aims to identify infant and young child feeding practices and its associated factors among mothers of children aged less than two years in western hilly region of Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 360 mothers of under two years’ children in Syangja district. A semi structural questionnaire was used. Data was entered in EpiData and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics were used to report the feeding practices and other independent variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to establish the factors associated with infant and young child feeding practices. The prevalence of breastfeeding, timely initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, timely initiation of complementary feeding, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were 95.6%, 69.2%, 47.6%, 53.3%, 61.5%, 67.3% and 49.9% respectively. Normal delivery (AOR 6.1, 95% CI 1.2-31.3) and higher maternal autonomy (AOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.8-14.6) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Similarly, crop production and food security (AOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.9-7.7), maternal knowledge on MAD (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-6.2) and maternal autonomy (AOR 4.2, 95% CI 2.1-8.4) were significantly associated with minimum acceptable diet. Factors such as maternal education, maternal health services utilization, maternal knowledge, and maternal autonomy were associated with infant and young child feeding practices, which warrants further attention to these factors to reduce malnutrition.

PMID:34914802 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0261301