Tag: pubmed

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Oct 20. doi: 10.1007/s00068-022-02141-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: In the last decades, total elbow arthroplasty, elbow osteosynthesis and revision surgery have been more popularized. The study aimed to assess the course of the anconeus branch of the radial nerve in relation to two variations of the lateral para-olecranon approach, considering iatrogenic nerve injuries.

METHODS: The study consisted of 120 upper extremities from 60 Thiel-embalmed human specimens. Two randomized versions of the lateral para-olecranon approach (centrally orientated: P1 and laterally orientated: P2) were performed. The olecranon and the intersection points to the anconeus branch of the radial nerve were determined as anatomical landmarks. The measurements were assessed by two independent observers. Differences were analyzed using the Student’s t test; associations were computed with the Pearson correlation (r). An alpha of 0.05 (p) and a confidence interval of 95% were set.

RESULTS: The intersection points averaged 12.3 cm (SD 1.8, range 8.2-16.8) for P1 versus 5.5 cm (SD 1.4, range 3.0-9.2) for P2 (p ≤ 0.001). Statistically significantly higher values for male and longer humeral specimens were revealed (all values: p < 0.05). Comparison of left and right sides yielded no difference. Excellent inter-rater agreements were found (ICC = 0.902, range 0.860-0.921). A correlation was evaluated between the humeral length and the distances in both approaches (P1: r = 0.550, p < 0.001, P2: r = 0.669, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The data presented here allow preservation of the anconeus branch. The P1 forms a potential advantage by owing a broader safe zone. Using the centrally orientated approach seems to provide adequate nerve protection during surgery for one of the motor branches for extension of the elbow joint and might result in improved postoperative benefits.

PMID:36266477 | DOI:10.1007/s00068-022-02141-4

Nat Ecol Evol. 2022 Oct 20. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01902-z. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:36266457 | DOI:10.1038/s41559-022-01902-z

Nat Hum Behav. 2022 Oct 20. doi: 10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.

PMID:36266452 | DOI:10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 20;12(1):17603. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20828-x.

ABSTRACT

Depression is associated with impaired quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. Depression incidence after KT is unclear. We compared depression incidence among KT recipients, ESKD patients, and healthy controls (HCs). We analyzed a nationwide health insurance database in South Korea and identified patients who underwent KT during 2007-2015. Participants were matched for age, sex, and inclusion year. KT and ESKD patients were further matched for hypertension and diabetes mellitus history. The incidence rate (IR, per 1000 patients-years) of depression was compared among KT, ESKD, and HC groups. We analyzed 5,234 patients per group. Depression incidence was markedly lower in KT than ESKD patients (IR, 18.87 vs. 58.03; hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30‒0.36), but only slightly higher in KT recipients than in HCs (IR, 18.87 vs. 17.49; HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.96‒1.22). After adjusting for comorbidities, the depression risk was lower in KT recipients than in HCs (adjusted HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.44‒0.62; p < 0.001), whereas it remained higher in ESKD patients than in HCs (adjusted HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.36‒1.87; p < 0.001). Among KT recipients, older age, female sex, lower economic status, and more comorbidities were associated with increased depression risk. Incident depression after KT increased mortality, graft failure, and death-censored graft failure risks in KT recipients. Our data suggest a broader role of KT than previously appreciated in terms of improving quality of life by reducing depression risk.

PMID:36266441 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-20828-x

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 20;12(1):17509. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22374-y.

ABSTRACT

China’s construction industry has assumed an important role in China’s urbanization process, improving China’s urban landscape and the level of national production and living facilities, but the productivity of the construction industry in some regions of China is still at a relatively low level. Taking the construction industry in Guangxi province in southwest China as an example, this paper analyzes the relevant indexes affecting the total factor productivity level of the regional construction industry and composes the statistical relationships among the indexes using dynamic measurement methods, and obtains that: (1) The number of employees, enterprises, labor productivity and construction profit have positive influence on the total factor productivity of Guangxi construction industry, but the improvement of regional construction gross product does not drive the improvement of technical equipment rate; (2) There is a dynamic equilibrium relationship between input and output indicators of total factor productivity of Guangxi construction industry, and the positive driving effect of output indicators on input indicators is not obvious; the influence of input indicators on output indicators is greater, and the positive influence is more. Accordingly, this paper also puts forward corresponding suggestions to promote the technical production level of Guangxi’s construction industry.

PMID:36266419 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-22374-y

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 20;12(1):17541. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21710-6.

ABSTRACT

Mental health problems such as distress affect society in a non-differential fashion. In recent decades, mental distress is becoming a common health problem among students. In this regard, there is limited information about the problem available in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of mental distress among college students in Kemisie district, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 408 students from February 11 to 14 2020. A stratified sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Self-reporting questionnaire (referred to as the SRQ-20) is a standardized questionnaire having 20-item questions and was used as a tool for mental distress. Appropriate descriptive statistics was done. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with mental distress. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. A p value < 0.05 was used to declare the statistical significance of the variables. Prevalence of mental distress among students was 17.6% (95% CI 13.8-21.4%). Not having close friends (AOR = 3.61; 95% CI 1.61-8.14), attend religious programs (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.14-0.53), conflict with friend (AOR = 3.07; 95% CI 1.44-6.33), not having pocket money (AOR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.27-25.80), ever use of Chat (AOR = 5.06; 95% CI 2.12-11.80), current use of Chat (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI 1.04-9.82), decreased grade than anticipated (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI 1.436-7.16), and low and moderate social support (AOR = 3.34; 95% CI 1.41-7.92) and (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.08-5.68), respectively were statistically significantly associated factors of mental distress. The overall prevalence of mental distress among students in Kemisie district, Ethiopia was high. In Ethiopia, along with the current economic crisis and the absence of social support, the problem could be increased. Therefore, the mental health needs of the college students require attention with special emphasis on not having close friends, never attending religious programs, conflict with friends, absence of pocket money, students who use Khat, and those who have low social support.

PMID:36266404 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-21710-6

Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00228-022-03403-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare survival outcomes, response rates, and adverse events (AEs) in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) user and non-user patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with regorafenib.

METHODS: We included 272 patients with mCRC treated with regorafenib in this study. Patients were divided into two categories according to their status of PPI use. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were time to treatment failure (TTF), response rates, and safety. To exclude immortal time bias in survival analyses, we compared PPI non-user patients and all patients.

RESULTS: There were 141 and 131 patients in the PPI non-user and user groups. Baseline characteristics were similar in each group. Pantoprazole was the most used PPI. At the median 35.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 32.6-37.9) months follow-up, the median OS was similar in PPI non-user and all patients (6.9 months (95% CI: 5.3-8.5) and 7.7 months (95% CI:6.6-8.8), p = 0.913). TTF was also similar in PPI non-user and all patients (3.3 months (95% CI: 2.7-3.9) and 3.5 months (95% CI: 3.0-4.0), p = 0.661). In multivariable analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed between PPI user and non-user groups in OS and TTF (hazard ratio (HR), 0.99; 95% CI, 0.77-1.28; p = 0.963 for OS; HR, 0.93; 0.77-1.20, p = 0.598 for TTF). The objective response rates (ORR) were similar in the PPI non-user and user groups (19.8% and 16.8%, p = 0.455). The rates of any grade AEs were also similar in each group.

CONCLUSION: This study found no worse outcome in the combined use of PPI and regorafenib among patients with mCRC.

PMID:36266366 | DOI:10.1007/s00228-022-03403-1

Nat Microbiol. 2022 Oct 20. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01233-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Genomic technologies have led to tremendous gains in understanding how pathogens function, evolve and interact. Pathogen diversity is now measurable at high precision and resolution, in part because over the past decade, sequencing technologies have increased in speed and capacity, at decreased cost. Alongside this, the use of models that can forecast emergence and size of infectious disease outbreaks has risen, highlighted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic but also due to modelling advances that allow for rapid estimates in emerging outbreaks to inform monitoring, coordination and resource deployment. However, genomics studies have remained largely retrospective. While they contain high-resolution views of pathogen diversification and evolution in the context of selection, they are often not aligned with designing interventions. This is a missed opportunity because pathogen diversification is at the core of the most pressing infectious public health challenges, and interventions need to take the mechanisms of virulence and understanding of pathogen diversification into account. In this Perspective, we assess these converging fields, discuss current challenges facing both surveillance specialists and modellers who want to harness genomic data, and propose next steps for integrating longitudinally sampled genomic data with statistical learning and interpretable modelling to make reliable predictions into the future.

PMID:36266338 | DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01233-6

Scand J Work Environ Health. 2022 Oct 21:4064. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4064. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the influence of onset of disease on exit from paid employment and whether this differs across diseases and sociodemographic groups.

METHODS: Register data from Statistics Netherlands on medication prescription was linked to information on employment status and demographics. Persons who were employed in 2009 and 2010 and who did not use medication for the selected disease in 2009 (N=5 889 036) were followed-up over nine years. Six diseases were identified based on medication prescription in 2010 and 2011: cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, common mental disorders, and psychotic disorders. Four pathways out of paid employment were defined: disability benefits, unemployment, no income, and early retirement. Early exit from paid employment was defined as exiting paid employment before retirement age. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed, with interaction terms for age, sex, and migration background.

RESULTS: Onset of disease increased the likelihood of exit from paid employment, with the strongest associations for psychotic disorders [hazard ratio (HR) 2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.78-2.98] and common mental disorders (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.97-2.03). Onset of disease was most strongly associated with disability benefits, followed by unemployment. The influence of common mental and psychotic disorders on disability increased until around middle-age, after which it decreased. The influence of mental health problems on exit from paid employment was stronger for persons with a non-native Dutch background and males.

CONCLUSION: Onset of diseases, especially mental health disorders, is a risk for exiting paid employment before the retirement age. Effective interventions are needed to enhance an inclusive workforce and prevent involuntary loss of paid employment.

PMID:36265177 | DOI:10.5271/sjweh.4064

JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022 Oct 18. doi: 10.2196/38898. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several risk factors have been identified for severe COVID-19 disease by the scientific community. In this work we focus on understanding the risks for severe COVID-19 infections post-vaccination, i.e. in breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections. Studying these risks by vaccine type, age, sex, comorbidities, any prior SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for making policy decisions regarding booster vaccinations for each vaccine.

OBJECTIVE: We perform a comparative study of the risks of hospitalization (n=1140) and mortality (n=159) in a SARS-CoV-2 positive cohort of 19,815 patients who were all fully vaccinated with either the Pfizer, Moderna or Janssen vaccines.

METHODS: We perform Cox regression analysis to calculate the risk factors for developing a severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study cohort, by controlling for vaccine-type, age, sex, comorbidities and a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

RESULTS: We find lower hazard ratios for those receiving the Moderna vaccine (P<.001) and Pfizer vaccine (P<.001) with the lowest hazard rates being for Moderna, as compared to those who received the Janssen vaccine independent of age, sex, comorbidities, vaccine type and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, individuals who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination had some increased protection over and above the protection already provided by the vaccines, from the risk of hospitalization (P=.001) and mortality (P=.035), independent of age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccine type. We find that the top statistically significant risk factors for severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections were age>50, male gender, moderate and severe renal failure, severe liver disease, leukemia, chronic lung disease, coagulopathy and alcohol abuse.

CONCLUSIONS: We find that among individuals who were fully vaccinated, the risk of severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower for those who had received the Moderna or Pfizer vaccines, and higher for those who received the Janssen vaccine. This result from our analysis at a population level, suggests that individuals who received the Janssen vaccine could benefit from a booster shot. Our result on the influence of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection necessitates further research into the impact of multiple exposures on the risk of developing severe COVID-19.

PMID:36265135 | DOI:10.2196/38898