Tag: pubmed

Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Oct 21;195(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10567-x.

ABSTRACT

Pen shell species such as Pinna bicolor and Pinna deltodes are found in the muddy region associated with intertidal seagrass in the coastal area of Pudupattinam. The pen shell is one of the sources of animal protein-rich, thereby encouraging the community of pen shells and their study worldwide. The water samples were collected for a year between January to December 2016 and analysed. Salinity (30.1-31.5‰), pH (8.1-8.2), EC value (39.79 103-46.09103 mho), turbidity 25-54 NTU, TSS value (5.51-108 mg/l), DO (4.45-5.74 ml/l), BOD (0.175 -1.05 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (9.6-39.1 mg/l), chloride 14,276.8-16,124.9 mg/l), sulphate (1975.3-25 mg/l), ammonia (0.022-0.112 μm/l), inorganic phosphate (0.754 μm/l and maximum 1.568 μm/l), total nitrogen (10.829-29.509 μm/l), total phosphate (1.76-3.174 μm/l) and silicate (42.264-64.121 μm/l). Minimum and maximum water temperature ranges (26.9-30.6 °C) were recorded. A total of 623 Pinna bicolor and 1341 Pinna deltodes were collected during the same time and consisted of 305 males and 318 females and 558 males and 783 females, respectively. The improvements in the parameters of physico-chemical and statistical analysis have been shown to have a minor effect on the distribution of these two species in the present research, as environmental factors were not sufficient to influence their distribution.

PMID:36269436 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-022-10567-x

Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Oct 21;195(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10648-x.

ABSTRACT

The cationic and anionic composition in groundwater can be better understood by identifying the type of hydrogeochemical processes influencing groundwater chemistry. This research deals with the characterization of groundwater samples by considering the likely role of hydrogeochemical processes and the factors responsible for the weathering process. The study applies statistical methods and supervised machine learning algorithm (i.e., logistic regression model) on the large data set of 1300 water samples from the Lahore district of Punjab, Pakistan. All the water samples were collected by the local authorities from a deep unconfined aquifer (> 350 ft in depth) for the years of 2005 to 2016. The characterization of groundwater quality parameters includes pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl^–), bicarbonate (HCO₃^–), nitrate (NO₃^–), and sulfate (SO₄^2-). The results show the sequence of the major ion in the following order: Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃^2- > SO₄^2- > Cl^– > NO₃^–. The ionic ratios and Gibb’s plot revealed that the prominent hydrogeochemical facies of aquifer water is Ca-HCO₃, Ca-Na-HCO₃, and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type rock-weathering process, especially carbonate and silicate weathering, as significant process controlling water chemistry. The statistical evaluation of the prepared regression model determined its prediction accuracy as 92.2%, which means the model is highly efficient and satisfies the analysis. The outcomes of this study favor the utilization of such methods for other areas with large data sets.

PMID:36269432 | DOI:10.1007/s10661-022-10648-x

Health Justice. 2022 Oct 21;10(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s40352-022-00194-6.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Mass incarceration has mental health consequences on those directly affected; some studies have also shown spillover effects on the physical health of the surrounding population. There is a dearth of research on the spillover mental health consequences of mass incarceration. This study aimed to quantify a consequence of mass incarceration which may adversely affect the population’s health and widen health disparities.

METHODS: Using data from the Vera Institute’s Incarceration Trends 2.2 and the Robert Wood Johnson County Health Rankings, the association between county-level (n = 2823) counts of jail incarceration and reported number of poor mental health days within the past 30 days in the United States in 2018 was examined. To conduct the analysis, a negative binomial regression model was fit, adjusting for State and key demographic covariates.

RESULTS: A change in jail incarceration rate from the first to the second and third tertiles was associated with 10.14% and 14.52% increases, respectively. For every 1% increase in the rate of mass incarceration, there was a statistically significant 15% increase in the average number of reported poor mental health days over the past 30 days.

DISCUSSION: Mass incarceration is a threat to mental health as well as the well-being of the surrounding population. This can be attributed to the spillover effects that extend beyond those who are directly affected by mass incarceration. Interventions to reduce jail incarceration as well as address the mental health needs of those living in high-incarceration rate areas should be prioritized in order to reduce health inequities and augment health outcomes for all residents of the United States.

PMID:36269431 | DOI:10.1186/s40352-022-00194-6

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00590-022-03404-x. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of saline required to identify a positive traumatic shoulder arthrotomy in a cadaveric model. In addition, intra-articular pressure monitoring was conducted to confirm needle placement and evaluate peak pressure curves prior to capsular failure.

METHODS: We conducted a cadaveric study using thirty fresh-frozen upper extremities with maintained glenohumeral joint. A shoulder arthrotomy was made in the deltopectoral interval using a 4.4-mm trocar. The joint was loaded using an 18-gauge spinal needle inserted posteriorly and attached to a pressure monitoring system. Fluid was introduced at a uniform rate of 1 cc/sec until active extravasation was visualized from the anterior arthrotomy site. Statistical analysis included assessment of distribution, ANOVA and linear regression.

RESULTS: A positive joint challenge was obtained in all specimens (n = 30) within a maximum of 59 ml of fluid (mean 28 ml, STD 15.4). Average intra-articular pressure at visualization (PAV) was 166.8 mmHg (min., 107; max., 268). In twelve specimens, peak pressures (PP) exceeded PAV, showing a corresponding fall in pressure prior to visualization (ΔPP-PAV = 16.5). To reach a sensitivity of 90% and 95% of arthrotomies, 50 and 58 ml of fluid had to be injected.

CONCLUSION: Results demonstrated 58 ml of fluid was required to identify a majority of shoulder arthrotomies. Intra-articular pressure monitoring identified successful needle placement. Pressure curve analysis could identify capsular failure before fluid extravasation visualization which could enhance clinical identification and treatment of traumatic shoulder arthrotomies.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV Diagnostic.

PMID:36269430 | DOI:10.1007/s00590-022-03404-x

Pediatr Nephrol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00467-022-05780-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for neurocognitive deficits while simultaneously being at risk for chronic school absenteeism (≥ 18 school days per school year). Chronic school absenteeism compounds the negative impacts of CKD on academic achievement. In this study, we examined patient- and caregiver-reported factors associated with school absenteeism in children with non-dialysis- or transplant-dependent CKD in order to help identify which factors could be modifiable and ultimately improve school attendance.

METHODS: We utilized a combination of chart review and questionnaires distributed in person to patients and caregivers at a pediatric nephrology clinic between November 2018 and August 2019 to gather data. We used descriptive statistics to illustrate clinical characteristics of the children included in the study, caregiver characteristics, and examined reported reasons for missing school.

RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of participants (10/48) missed 18 full days of school or more, categorizing them as chronically absent. The top three reasons for missing school were doctor appointments, feeling sick, and being bullied. More specific sequelae of CKD were not highly reported as reasons for missing school.

CONCLUSIONS: Chronic absenteeism is a highly reported phenomenon among children with pediatric CKD. Given that missing school for doctor appointments was a top reason for absenteeism, this data suggests alternative appointment hours and virtual appointments may reduce chronic school absenteeism in children, and by extension improve their health, behavioral, and academic outcomes. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

PMID:36269405 | DOI:10.1007/s00467-022-05780-2

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05849-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine associations between the topographic distribution of geographic atrophy (GA) and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL).

METHODS: This study included 237 eyes from 161 participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). GA lesions were manually delineated with color fundus photographs obtained by the AREDS Research Group and atrophic area was measured in an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. VRQoL was measured using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ). Area of atrophy in the ETDRS grid subfields was correlated with VRQoL by linear regression modeling.

RESULTS: The average area of atrophy in the better and worse eye was 3.43mm² and 7.15mm² respectively. In multivariable analysis, VRQoL was not associated with total area of atrophy in the better eye (β, – 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], – 1.11 to 0.05; P = 0.07) or worse eye (β, 0.12; 95% CI, – 0.32 to 0.55; P = 0.59). However, area of atrophy in the central 1-mm-diameter zone of the better eye was significantly associated with VRQoL when the ETDRS subfields were examined individually (β, – 14.57; 95% CI, – 27.12 to – 2.02; P = 0.023), grouped into quadrants (β, – 18.35; 95% CI, – 30.03 to – 6.67; P = 0.002), inner and outer zones (β, – 17.26; 95% CI, – 29.38 to – 5.14; P = 0.006), or vertical and horizontal zones (β, – 18.97; 95% CI, – 30.18 to – 7.77; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In patients with GA, greater area of atrophy in the central 1-mm-diameter zone of the better eye was independently associated with lower VRQoL, while total area of atrophy in the better or worse eye was not.

PMID:36269402 | DOI:10.1007/s00417-022-05849-6

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00402-022-04648-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Conventional instruments for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have limited accuracy. The occurrence of outliers can negatively influence the clinical outcome and long-term survival of the implant. Orthopaedic robotic systems were developed to increase the accuracy of implant positioning and bone resections. Several systems requiring preoperative imaging have shown a higher degree of precision compared to conventional instrumentation. An imageless system needs less preoperative time and preparation and is more cost effective. Aim of this study was to find out whether this system is as precise, reproduces accurately the surgeon’s planning and reduces the occurrence of outliers.

METHODS: This retrospective study included the first 71 robotic-assisted TKA and 308 conventional TKA in 374 patients. Intraoperatively planned and actual bone resections were compared. Postoperative alignment, measured on full leg weight bearing radiographs, was related to the respective planning and statistically compared between the groups.

RESULTS: Baseline characteristics (age, BMI, ASA, preoperative Knee Society Score and deformity) between both groups were comparable. According to the planned alignment, the postoperative mean difference was – 1.01° in the robotic versus 2.05° in the conventional group. The maximum deviation was – 2/+ 2.5° in the robotic and – 6.6/ + 6.8° in the conventional group. According to the plan, there were no outliers above ± 3° in the robotic versus 24% in the conventional group. The mean difference between planned and measured bone resection was 0.21 mm with a maximum of 2 mm. The 95% confidence interval was at each position 1 mm or below.

CONCLUSIONS: The described imageless robotic system is accurate in terms of coronal alignment and bone resections. In precision, it is superior to conventional instrumentation and could therefore be used to evaluate new alignment concepts.

PMID:36269397 | DOI:10.1007/s00402-022-04648-2

Pediatr Surg Int. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1007/s00383-022-05254-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in detecting pathogenic bacteria of cholangitis for patients with biliary atresia after Kasai operation.

METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed patients of biliary atresia with cholangitis after Kasai operation who were admitted to Xi’an Children’s Hospital from July 2019 to December 2021. Both blood culture and mNGS were carried out in all of these patients. We compared the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic bacteria spectrum, test time, inflammatory indicators and liver function. All the patients were followed up for 0.5-3 years to evaluate the onset of cholangitis and the survival status of autologous liver.

RESULTS: This study included total of 30 cholangitis occurred in 25 patients. There were significant differences in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria [23.3 vs.73.3%, P < 0.05] and the test time [120 (114.5-120) vs.16 (16-21) h, P < 0.001] between the blood culture and mNGS. These two methods showed significant statistical differences in comparing inflammatory indicators (CRP, PCT) and liver function (TB, DB, GGT) before and after anti-infection. Four kinds of bacteria were detected by blood cultures and ten kinds of bacteria were detected by mNGS. Cholangitis occurred 3 times in one case (4%) and twice in three cases (12%). Autologous liver survived in 17 cases (68%).

CONCLUSION: Comparing with traditional blood culture, mNGS is more efficient, convenient and accurate in the detection of pathogens. It provides a new method for accurately detecting pathogenic bacteria of cholangitis after Kasai operation.

PMID:36269375 | DOI:10.1007/s00383-022-05254-4

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1039/d2cp03678a. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Biomembrane permeation represents a major barrier to pharmacokinetics. During preclinical drug discovery, the coefficients of the permeation of molecules through lipid bilayers account for a valuable property of such molecules. Therefore, the control of the permeation of molecules through lipid bilayers is an essential factor in drug design, and the estimation of the permeation phenomena is a crucial study in pharmacy. Thus, there are many published studies on the theoretical estimations of permeation coefficients. Here, we propose a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method for estimating the permeation of small molecules through lipid bilayers based on the free-energy reaction network (FERN) analysis. In this method, the collective variables (CVs) of the free energy calculations explicitly include the conformational changes in the rotational bonds of the solute molecules. The advantages of the present method over the other method are that it is possible to estimate reaction pathways and their reaction rates, i.e., permeation coefficients or passage times, in multidimensional space spanned by CVs though conventional methods such as the umbrella sampling method and target MDs often dealt with a few degrees of freedom. To demonstrate the efficacy of our method, we calculate the coefficients of the permeation of three small aromatic peptides, namely N-acetylphenylalanineamide (Ac-Phe-NH2 or NAFA), N-acetyltyrosineamide (Ac-Tyr-NH2 or NAYA), and N-acetyltryptophanamide (Ac-Trp-NH2 or NATA), through a 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid bilayer. In these cases we adopted one CV for the permeation direction and four CVs for the internal rotational coordinates. The results reveal that the permeation coefficients of NAFA, NAYA, and NATA are 1.7 × 10^-2, 0.51 × 10^-4, and 5.7 × 10^-4 cm s^-1, respectively. Compared with the experimental data, our simulation results followed the same trend, i.e., NAFA > NATA > NAYA. By analyzing the structures of metastable points of the solute molecules, our simulation result reveals that the aforementioned trend is caused by the differences in stability among their rotamers. Furthermore, we evaluate the statistical fluctuation of the rotamers, and the time scale of flipping the side chain reveals that the structures rigidify as the ligand moves deeper into the membrane.

PMID:36268802 | DOI:10.1039/d2cp03678a

Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1111/pan.14580. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Maintenance of normothermia is an important quality metric in pediatric anesthesia. While inadvertent hypothermia is effectively prevented by forced-air warming, this therapeutic approach can lead to iatrogenic hyperthermia in young children.

AIMS: To estimate the influence of external warming by forced-air on the development of intraoperative hyperthermia in anesthetized children aged 6 years or younger.

METHODS: We pooled data from two previous clinical studies. Primary outcome was the course of core temperature over time analyzed by a quadratic regression model. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of hyperthermia (body core temperature >38°C), the probability of hyperthermia over the duration of warming in relation to age and surface-area-to-weight ratio, respectively, analyzed by multiple logistic regression models. The influence of baseline temperature on hyperthermia was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS: 200 children (55 female) with a median age of 2.1 [1^st -3^rd quartile 1-4.2] years were analyzed. Mean temperature increased by 0.43°C after one hour, 0.64°C after two hours and reached a peak of 0.66°C at 147 minutes. Overall, 33 children were hyperthermic at at least one measurement point. The odds ratios of hyperthermia were 1.14 (95%-CI: 1.07-1.22) or 1.13 (95%-CI: 1.06-1.21) for every ten minutes of warming therapy in a model with age or surface-area-to weight ratio (ceteris paribus), respectively. Odds ratio was 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.07-1.71) for a decrease of one year in age and 1.63 (95%-CI: 0.93-2.83) for an increase of 0.01 in the surface-to-weight-area ratio (ceteris paribus). An increase of 0.1°C in baseline temperature increased the hazard of becoming hyperthermic by a factor of 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.23-1.43).

CONCLUSIONS: In children, external warming by forced-air needs to be closely monitored and adjusted in a timely manner to avoid iatrogenic hyperthermia especially during long procedures, in young age, higher surface-area-to-weight ratio and higher baseline temperature.

PMID:36268791 | DOI:10.1111/pan.14580