Tag: pubmed

Environ Res. 2021 Sep 11:112023. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112023. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the latest global spatio-temporal pattern of lung cancer burden attributable to ambient fine particulate matter pollution (PM_2.5) is crucial to prioritize global lung cancer prevention, as well as environment improvement.

METHODS: Data on lung cancer attributable to ambient PM_2.5 were downloaded from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. The numbers and age-standardized rates on lung cancer mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were estimated by age, sex, region, and country. We used estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify the temporal trends of ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019.

RESULTS: In 2019, the number of global lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to ambient PM_2.5 was approximately 0.31 million and 7.02 million respectively, among which more deaths and DALYs occurred in males. At GBD region level, the heaviest burden occurred in East Asia, accounting for over 50% worldwide, with China ranked first worldwide. The number of ambient PM_2.5 attributable lung cancer deaths and DALYs has over doubled from 1990 to 2019, but high sociodemographic index (SDI) region had a rapid decrease, with EAPC -2.21 in ASMR (95% CI: -2.32, -2.09). The age-specific mortality rate or DALY rate has increased in all age groups in low to middle SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. The ASMR or ASDR showed an inverted V-shaped association with SDI. The EAPC in ASMR or ASDR was highly negatively correlated with ASMR or ASDR in 1990 and SDI in 2019, with coefficients around 0.70.

CONCLUSIONS: The number of ambient PM_2.5-related lung cancer deaths and DALYs has largely increased because of the increase of exposure to PM_2.5, population growth, and aging. Local governments should do economic activities under the consideration of public health, especially in high-burden areas.

PMID:34520750 | DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112023

J Chem Neuroanat. 2021 Sep 11:102025. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102025. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of death in the general population, and it occurs three times more frequently in diabetic patients, necessitating extensive research into new therapeutics. The reproducibility, similarity, and technical limitations of current animal models are limited.

METHODS: We developed a stroke induction model using pink zebra-Danio-rerio. Diabetes was induced in zebrafish by giving them D-glucose (111mM) for 14 days, and those with blood glucose levels higher than 100mg/dl were included in the study. In Zebrafish, an experimental stroke was induced by a single oral administration of Endothelin-1 (ET-1, 3l/gm). Swimming, behavioural patterns, and cognitive performance were all recorded and analysed using UMA Tracker. The brains were removed for histopathological analysis.

RESULTS: In both the normal and diabetic groups, ET-1 administration resulted in a statistically significant change in swimming pattern and movements. Furthermore, changes in swimming pattern and recovery time were statistically significant in the diabetic ET-1 treatment group. In the neurocognitive assessment paradigm, the behavioural study of ET-1 treated groups revealed a disturbed cognitive profile and locomotor coordination, with an increase in the number of errors and a decrease in total distance travelled. Histopathological analysis of ET-1 treated groups revealed cortical lesions, shrunken neuronal cells, and thrombocytes in spheroid form with disturbed normal architecture of brain tissue when compared to normal control groups in tectum opticum and telencephalon. In terms of stability, reproducibility, and genetic similarity to human stroke, the current experimental model outperforms other available rodent stroke models.

CONCLUSION: The ET-1 induced experimental zebrafish stroke model opens up new avenues for diabetes-related stroke research due to its novelty, reproducibility, and ability to overcome technical errors found in other recent models.

PMID:34520802 | DOI:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102025

Cryobiology. 2021 Sep 11:S0011-2240(21)00149-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.09.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Although mammalian embryos could be preserved in liquid nitrogen for thousands of years in theoretical models, the viability of cryopreserved blastocyst with varying grades remains to be speculated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the longer storage time of blastocysts with equal grades could negatively affect the perinatal outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single vitrified-warmed blastocyst was divided into four grades (AA, AB/BA, BB, BC/CB) according to the blastocyst score when freezing, and each grade of blastocyst was categorized into four storage duration categories: 28 days-1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and ≥5 years. Then the perinatal outcomes with different storage time were analyzed.

RESULTS: Our results revealed that for blastocysts with the same grade, the length of storage time had no statistical effect on blastocyst survival rate, clinical pregnancy/implantation rate, live birth rate, and abortion rate. In addition, more advanced developmental blastocyst could obtain better pregnancy outcomes regardless of the cryopreservation length. Similar neonatal outcomes were obtained over time.

CONCLUSIONS: Cryopreservation time could not negatively affect the perinatal outcomes of blastocysts with equal grades. Efficient blastocyst cryopreservation technology by vitrification can help older women obtain high-quality embryos at a young age.

PMID:34520741 | DOI:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.09.003

Brain Behav. 2021 Sep 14:e2356. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2356. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Ischemia is one of the most familiar complications in the different procedures for moyamoya disease (MMD), but the optimal surgical approaches for MMD remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of various surgical treatments.

METHODS: A literature search word was performed through four databases such as Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE for the literature published until May 2021. The I² statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. A random/fixed-effects model was used to pool.

RESULTS: There are a total of 18 studies including three surgical treatments such as including indirect, direct, and combined bypass in this study. The result revealed that indirect bypass was related to a higher incidence of recurrence stroke compared to the direct and combined bypass treatment (p = .001). Furthermore, the cases undergoing direct bypass were associated with a better angiographic change than the indirect bypass (OR = 3.254, p = .013).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated a positive effect of using the direct and combined bypass to treat MMD compared to indirect bypass due to their lower rates of recurrence stroke.

PMID:34520635 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.2356

Ir Med J. 2021 Aug 19;114(7):407.

ABSTRACT

Background Hypernatraemia is associated with a short-term mortality of 20-60%. Age-related physiological changes predispose patients to hypernatraemia. This study reviewed acutely admitted patients comparing those with community-acquired (CAH) and hospital-acquired hypernatraemia (HAH). Methods A retrospective study of 102 consecutive acute medical in-patients with serum [Na]>145 mmol/L was conducted. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory values, monitoring, management and outcomes were compared between CAH and HAH groups. Results Patients were exclusively older (>69 years). Forty patients (39.2%) had CAH and sixty-two (61.8%) had HAH. Those with CAH were more likely to be NH residents, have dementia and reduced mobility. Most HAH patients had mild hypernatraemia initially (75.8%, n=47), and higher rates of acute kidney injury (27% (n=11) vs 8% (n=3)/p=0.02) were observed. Monitoring was inadequate and no patient had a free water deficit documented. Medication review and intravenous fluid prescribing was similar between groups. The median length of stay of discharged HAH patients was longer (22.5 vs 8 days/p=0.005). Mortality rates were similar (47% (n=29) vs 37% (n=15)/p=0.416). Time from admission to death was higher in HAH patients (16 vs 8 days/p=0.008). Conclusions Both CAH and HAH present similarly, however, older patients with cognitive/physical impairments are at an increased risk. Early identification of high-risk patients and adherence to best practice guidelines is required.

PMID:34520642

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14439. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Skincare products and cosmetic procedures are used as an adjunct or complementary to conventional drug therapy for acne vulgaris (AV).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of skincare products and the frequency of cosmetic procedures in AV treatment.

METHODS: A total of 1,755 patients with AV completed the survey prepared by the researchers and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) questionnaire. The clinical findings and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) severity scores were recorded by the dermatologists.

RESULTS: For AV, 66.7% of the patients stated that they used skincare products and 26.7% had undergone cosmetic procedures. The use of skincare products was statistically significantly higher in women (female: 74.5%, male: 57.7%, p < 0.0001); older people (users: 22 ± 7.6years, non-users: 21.2 ± 5.7 years, p < 0.0001); patients with a higher CADI score (users: 7 ± 3.7, non-users: 6.9 ± 4.3, p = 0.010); FDA severity score 2 and 3 (FDA-1: 58.1%; FDA-2: 72.4%, FDA-3: 73%, FDA-4: 67%, p < 0.0001); long-term disease (users: 57 ± 43 months; non-users: 47.7 ± 42.3 months, p < 0.0001); facial involvement (present: 70.2%, absent: 51.4%, p = 0.017); high income levels (users: 73.5%; non-users: 26.5%, p = 0.001); and graduate or post-graduate degrees (undergraduate≤%62.8, graduate≥%76.8, p < 0.0001). The rate of cosmetic procedures was higher in those with higher CADI scores (users: 7.8 ± 3.8; non-users: 7.1 ± 3.96, p < 0.0001); older patients (users: 22.7 ± 10.7 years; non-users: 21.3 ± 5 years, p < 0.0001); high school (25.6%); and graduate (28.9%) education (p = 0.043), those with lower disease severity (FDA-1: 31.1%; FDA-2: 28.5%, FDA-3: 27.1%, FDA-4: 20.4%, p = 0.022); smokers (smokers: 32.5%; non-smokers: 25.5%, p = 0.020), and those with AV in the family (present: 29.8%; absent: 24.2%, p = 0.009). The patients most frequently used cleansers (85.2%) as cosmetic products, and most commonly underwent skincare treatment (71%) as an interventional procedure. They mostly learned about such products and methods from the Internet, and 33.3% of the participants had undergone procedures performed by non-physicians.

CONCLUSION: The patients generally choose skincare products as a result of their Internet search and sometimes have these procedures performed by non-physicians. Dermatologists should be aware of this situation and inform their patients about appropriate products and procedures.

PMID:34520610 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14439

Brain Behav. 2021 Sep 14:e2350. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2350. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To analyze the application of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in ventilator weaning of infants.

METHODS: A total of 25 infants (15 boys and 10 girls) who were mechanically ventilated by PICU in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as the study subjects. After the improvement of the basic disease, regular spontaneous breathing, and the withdrawal of the ventilator, all the children obtained the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) signal. Then, each child was given CPAP and NAVA mode mechanical ventilation 1 h before the withdrawal of the ventilator. Each detection index was recorded 30 min after each mode of ventilation.

RESULTS: Two of the 25 children were tracheotomized because of respiratory muscle weakness and could not be converted to NAVA mode without the EAdi signal. Hemodynamic indexes were not statistically different between the two groups of CPAP and NAVA. PaCO₂ is not significantly different in the two modes, and both were at normal levels. The PIP in NAVA mode is lower than that in CPAP mode (p < .05), and its EAdi signal was correspondingly low. There were significant differences in the peak pressure (Ppeak), mean pressure (Pmean), and compliance and mean arterial pressure (p < .01) between the CPAP and NAVA model ventilation in 23 patients.

CONCLUSION: NAVA can significantly improve the coordination of patients. The therapeutic effect of NAVA was better, which was beneficial to the prognosis of patients and had positive application value in the withdrawal of ventilators in patients.

PMID:34520632 | DOI:10.1002/brb3.2350

Int J Cancer. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33803. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Several studies have investigated the association between net survival and social inequalities in people with cancer, highlighting a varying influence of deprivation depending on the type of cancer studied. However, few of these studies have accounted for the effect of social inequalities over the follow-up period, and/or according to the age of the patients. Thus, using recent and more relevant statistical models, we investigated the effect of social environment on net survival in women with breast or gynecological cancer in France. The data were derived from population-based cancer registries, and women diagnosed with breast or gynecological cancer between 2006 and 2009 were included. We used the European Deprivation Index (EDI), an aggregated index, to define the social environment of the women included. Multidimensional penalized splines were used to model excess mortality hazard. We observed a significant effect of the EDI on net survival in women with breast cancer throughout the follow-up period, and especially at 1.5 years of follow-up in women with cervical cancer. Regarding corpus uteri and ovarian cancer patients, the effect of deprivation on net survival was less pronounced. These results highlight the impact of social environment on net survival in women with breast or gynecological cancer in France thanks to a relevant statistical approach, and identify the follow-up periods during which the social environment may have a particular influence. These findings could help investigate targeted actions for each cancer type, particularly in the most deprived areas, at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34520579 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33803

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14450. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Ginseng is widely used in cosmetics and skin care. The progress of research on the effect of ginseng on the skin was explored through a summary and analysis of skin-related studies on ginseng conducted over in the past 20 years, and this exploration aimed to elucidate new research opportunities with regard to the development and application of ginseng treatments for the skin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Keywords were used to retrieve human studies related to the use of ginseng to treat skin conditions from the Web of Science. Scientometric analyses were performed in R to analyze the studies on the human skin-related effects of ginseng conducted from 2000 to 2019.

RESULTS: The main active ingredient in ginseng is ginsenoside, and its effects on the skin are mostly anti-aging and whitening. Ginseng extract regulates the levels of matrix metalloproteinases in human fibroblast type I collagen to improve the elasticity and water content of skin. In addition, ginseng inhibits the transcription factors or signaling pathways involved in the formation of melanin, it exerts a whitening effect. The authors of the retrieved studies are mostly located in Asia, mainly South Korea and China. Wang Y, Kim JH, and Kim YJ are relatively influential scholars, these ginseng-related articles published in the Journal of Ginseng Research, Molecules and other journals are very important in this field.

CONCLUSION: This study shows the development of trends in research on ginseng as a raw cosmetic material used on the skin and thus enables researchers to rapidly understand the key information in the field of ginseng research, comprehend the research directions, and improve their research efficiency.

PMID:34520601 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14450

Int J Cancer. 2021 Sep 14. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33808. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

A large proportion of heritability for prostate cancer risk remains unknown. Transcriptome-wide association study combined with validation comparing overall levels will help to identify candidate genes potentially playing a role in prostate cancer development. Using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project, we built genetic models to predict normal prostate tissue gene expression using the statistical framework PrediXcan, a modified version of the unified test for molecular signatures, and Joint-Tissue Imputation. We applied these prediction models to the genetic data of 79,194 prostate cancer cases and 61,112 controls to investigate the associations of genetically determined gene expression with prostate cancer risk. Focusing on associated genes, we compared their expression in prostate tumor versus normal prostate tissue, compared methylation of CpG sites located at these loci in prostate tumor versus normal tissue, and assessed the correlations between the differentiated genes’ expression and the methylation of corresponding CpG sites, by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We identified 573 genes showing an association with prostate cancer risk at a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05, including 451 novel genes and 122 previously reported genes. Of the 573 genes, 152 showed differential expression in prostate tumor versus normal tissue samples. At loci of 57 genes, 151 CpG sites showed differential methylation in prostate tumor versus normal tissue samples. Of these, 20 CpG sites were correlated with expression of 11 corresponding genes. In this TWAS, we identified novel candidate susceptibility genes for prostate cancer risk, providing new insights into prostate cancer genetics and biology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:34520569 | DOI:10.1002/ijc.33808