Tag: pubmed

Acta Paediatr. 2022 May 17. doi: 10.1111/apa.16410. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To develop and perform an initial validation of a score to measure severity of illness in hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

METHODS: A prospective study enrolled SAM children aged 6-59 months hospitalized in Borno State, Nigeria. Candidate items associated with inpatient mortality were combined and evaluated as candidate scores. Clinical and statistical methods were used to identify a preferred score.

RESULTS: The 513 children enrolled had a mean age of 15.6 months of whom 48 (9%) died. Seven of the ten evaluated items were significantly associated with mortality. Five different candidate scores were tested. The final score, Responses to Illness Severity Quantification (RISQ), included 7 items: heart rate, respiratory rate, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, oxygen delivery, temperature and level of consciousness. The mean RISQ score on admission was 2.6 in hospital survivors and 7.3 for children dying <48hr. RISQ scores <24hr before death had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.93. The RISQ score performed similarly across differing clinical conditions with AUROCs 0.77-0.98 for all conditions except oedema.

CONCLUSION: The RISQ score can identify high risk malnourished children at and during hospital admission. Clinical application may help prioritize care and potentially improve survival.

PMID:35582782 | DOI:10.1111/apa.16410

Int J Nurs Knowl. 2022 May 17. doi: 10.1111/2047-3095.12372. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Nurses are on the forefront of delivering care to patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nurses’ impact on patient care can be discerned through assessment and documentation strategies, including structured and unstructured narratives, clinical pathways, flowsheets, and problem-based approaches. To date, there are no published reports regarding nursing assessment and documentation during the COVID-19 pandemic using an assessment framework to capture clinical decision making, nursing diagnoses, and key social determinant of health (SDoH) data. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to conduct an exploratory nursing documentation audit of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first surge to identify types and frequency of nurse-sensitive indicators, including SDoH.

METHOD: This pilot study utilized a retrospective chart review design at a single academic medical center, utilizing Gordon’s Eleven Functional Health Patterns (FHP) framework to extract clinical, social, and nursing assessment data for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were computed for continuous variables and counts/percentages for categorical variables.

FINDINGS: Data from 94 patient records were analyzed. Most patients were male (59.6%), with a mean age of 58 years. Nearly 15% of patients were Black and 12.8% were Hispanic, most residing in four geographic areas. Nine of the 11 FHPs were reflected in nurse-sensitive indicators documented in the electronic health record. SDoH data were inconsistently documented, including race, education, history of neglect/abuse, and occupation.

CONCLUSION: The FHP framework captured many nurse-sensitive indicators during the first COVID-19 surge, although screening for and documenting SDoH data were limited.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Findings can influence the development of nursing assessment and documentation during crisis care delivery that are inclusive of distinct sociodemographic factors, in addition to clinical factors, to provide comprehensive, culturally sensitive care. Such documentation will enhance the use of nursing knowledge guided by a nursing framework to make visible the essential contributions of nurses to healthcare delivery.

PMID:35582773 | DOI:10.1111/2047-3095.12372

Cell Prolif. 2022 May 17:e13239. doi: 10.1111/cpr.13239. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The rapid development of cerebral organoid technology and the gradual maturity of cerebral organoids highlight the necessity of foresighted research on relevant ethical concerns. We employed knowledge graphs and conducted statistical analysis with CiteSpace for a comprehensive analysis of the status quo of the research on the ethical concerns of cerebral organoids from a bibliometric perspective.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a statistical analysis of published papers on cerebral organoid ethics, keyword co-occurrence graph, literature co-citation and knowledge clustering graph to examine the status of the ethics research, internal relationship between technological development and ethical research, and ethical concerns of the academia. Finally, we used a keyword time zone graph and related statistics to analyze and predict the trends and popular topics of future cerebral organoids ethics research.

RESULTS: We demonstrated that although the ethical concerns of cerebral organoids have long been discussed, it was not until 2017 that the ethical issues began to receive more attention, when cerebral organoids were gradually mimicking the human brain more closely and increasingly being combined with chimera research. The recent key ethical concerns are primarily divided into three categories: concerns that are common in life sciences, specific to cerebral organoids, and present in cross-fields. These increasing ethical concerns are inherently related to the continual development of technology. The analysis pointed out that future research should focus on the ethical concerns of consciousness that are unique to cerebral organoids, ethical concerns of cross-fields, and construction and improvement of legislative and regulatory systems.

CONCLUSIONS: Although research on cerebral organoids can benefit the biomedicine field, the relevant ethical concerns are significant and have received increasing attention, which are inherently related to the continual development of technology. Future studies in ethics regarding cerebral organoid research should focus on the ethical concerns of consciousness, and cross-fields, as well as the improvement of regulatory systems.

PMID:35582763 | DOI:10.1111/cpr.13239

Eur J Dent Educ. 2022 May 17. doi: 10.1111/eje.12827. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess student perception as well as course outcomes (final written examination grades) when using a pilot condensed format in an undergraduate Fixed Prosthodontics course, which was implemented as a response to the global pandemic of covid-19.

METHODS: The course was delivered in a condensed format, with a total of 28 direct contact hours in the Simulation (SIM) Clinic within a 4-day period. Asynchronous remote learning was employed for the didactic portion of the course. Students completed surveys before and after the course, to assess their perception of the condensed format, and written examination grades were compared with previous years’ grades. Data were entered in an Excel database (Microsoft Excel 2016) and analyzed using a statistical analysis software program (IBM SPSS Statistics, v26; IBM Corp). The level of significance was set to α = 0.05.

RESULTS: Overall, student perception about the condensed format was positive. At the beginning of the course female students had less confidence in their skills compared to male students (p < .05). Written examination grades were significantly lower compared to previous years’ grades (p = .04).

CONCLUSIONS: Use of a condensed format can allow a course to be delivered in smaller student cohorts and provides the ability to reduce the total number of direct contact hours allotted to the course, creating space within the curriculum. Student perception of this format was generally positive. However, written examination scores were negatively impacted, indicating possible knowledge gaps resulting from the condensed course format. More studies are needed to assess the effect of the various curricular modifications that have been implemented due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

PMID:35582769 | DOI:10.1111/eje.12827

J Hip Preserv Surg. 2021 Aug 30;8(3):261-269. doi: 10.1093/jhps/hnab061. eCollection 2021 Aug.

ABSTRACT

To describe the ‘mini-Max’ approach to labrum repair using non-absorbable 2.4-mm knotless suture anchors and report objective clinical outcomes with a large single-surgeon cohort. Level 3 retrospective case series. A retrospective review was conducted to report the use and allocation of non-absorbable 2.4-mm knotless suture anchors during ‘mini-Max’ labral repair from 2015 to 2018. Descriptive analysis of the labral damage severity, size and number of anchors used to arthroscopically repair the acetabular labrum was performed. Paired-samples t-tests were performed to evaluate whether preoperative and 1-year follow-up patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were statistically significant. An analysis of variance was performed comparing PROs with categorized number of labral anchors. A total of 390 patients were queried in this study, with 330 (85%) diagnosed intraoperatively with acetabular labral tears. A total of 245 patients (137 females and 108 males) with a mean age of 30.1 ± 11.6 years (mean ± SD) at the time of surgery underwent ‘mini-Max’ labral refixation. Of the 245 labral tears, 88 (35.9%) were graded as mild, 113 (46.1%) as moderate and 44 (18.0%) as severe. Labral repairs required an average of 2.1 ± 0.67 anchors across all patients included. Forty-one repairs (16.7%) required one anchor, 139 (56.7%) required two anchors, 63 (25.7%) required three anchors and 2 (0.8%) required four anchors. Significant improvements were reported for all PROs (P ≤ .001) at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Arthroscopic ‘mini-Max’ labral repair using non-absorbable knotless suture anchors is a safe and effective technique for improving the lives of patients suffering from symptomatic acetabular labrum tears.

PMID:35582690 | PMC:PMC9106284 | DOI:10.1093/jhps/hnab061

J Exerc Rehabil. 2022 Apr 26;18(2):96-103. doi: 10.12965/jer.2244028.014. eCollection 2022 Apr.

ABSTRACT

This study determined the effectiveness of 16 multisensory storytelling sessions on physical function and activity participation in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-four children aged 7 to 8 who belonged to stage I to III of the Gross Motor Function Classification System were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 12 children in each group. The experimental group performed group activities through multisensory storytelling for 60 min, twice a week for 8 weeks, while the control group performed structured physical activities. The motor function, activity participation, and peer relationship skills were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 for windows program, and the significance level (α) for statistical verification was set to 0.05. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for intragroup changes in motor function and activity participation in the experimental and control groups. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the difference between the 2 groups. Both groups improved gross motor function (P<0.05) and activity participation (P<0.05). A significant difference between both groups was also measured. Multisensory storytelling resulted in significant improvements in large motor function and activity participation. Therefore, it can be an effective intervention for improving gross motor function and activity participation in children with cerebral palsy.

PMID:35582682 | PMC:PMC9081411 | DOI:10.12965/jer.2244028.014

World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Apr 14;28(14):1499-1502. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i14.1499.

ABSTRACT

A study addressing the influence of type 2 diabetes on the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients was reviewed. Some statistical deficiencies were found in the reviewed article, and the sample size was too small to support the study. In addition, age should have been considered as one of the prognostic factors.

PMID:35582671 | PMC:PMC9048471 | DOI:10.3748/wjg.v28.i14.1499

Pol J Radiol. 2022 Apr 5;87:e207-e214. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2022.115713. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence and significance of incidental non-cardiac findings (NCFs) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also aimed to assess the unreported rate and clinical significance of NCFs in official radiological reports.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive cardiac MRI examinations of 400 patients were retrospectively analysed and MR images reviewed by 2 observers blinded to official radiology reports. NCFs were classified as insignificant, significant, and major. In patients with significant and major findings, NCFs were classified as previously known or unknown, based on clinical archive. Moreover, we investigated the clinical follow-up results of patients with major NCF.

RESULTS: Of 400 patients, 137 patients (34.3%) had a total of 175 NCFs. Fifty-nine NCFs were considered significant, and 23 were major. Patients with NCFs were significantly older than those without (p < 0.0001). Of 82 significant and major NCFs, 25 were previously unknown. In total, 18 significant and 4 major NCFs were unreported in official MRI reports. The unreported major NCFs were portal vein thrombosis, pulmonary nodule, pulmonary embolism, and liver nodule. The most common unreported findings were pulmonary artery-aorta dilatation and hiatal hernia. No statistical difference was found between official MRI reports and second consensus reading for the detection of major NCFs (p = 0.082).

CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of significant and major NCFs increases with age. Although no statistical difference was found between official MRI reports and second consensus reading for the detection of major NCFs, extra-cardiac findings should be carefully investigated during assessment.

PMID:35582604 | PMC:PMC9093209 | DOI:10.5114/pjr.2022.115713

Transl Neurosci. 2022 Apr 29;13(1):93-103. doi: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0218. eCollection 2022 Jan 1.

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is another important risk factor affecting the AD process after ApoE. Emerging evidence has identified TREM2 as a putative receptor for ApoE, raising the possibility that interactions between ApoE and TREM2 modulate the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) analyses to characterize the ApoE-TREM2 interaction and further investigated the effect of the major TREM2 disease-associated mutation (R47H) on the affinity of TREM2 for ApoE. The results indicate that the binding energy between ApoE and TREM2 occurs in an isoform-dependent manner with the following potency rank order: ApoE4 > ApoE3 > ApoE2. In addition, the R47H mutant reduced the interaction between ApoE and TREM2 protein, which may be attributed to decreased hydrogen-bonding interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic forces between ApoE and TREM2. Our study analyzed the molecular pattern of the interactions between ApoE and TREM2 and how the variants affect these interactions based on in silico modeling, and the results might help to elucidate the interaction mechanism between ApoE and TREM2. Additional experimental studies will be needed to verify and explore the current findings.

PMID:35582645 | PMC:PMC9055258 | DOI:10.1515/tnsci-2022-0218

Pol J Radiol. 2022 Apr 15;87:e226-e231. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2022.115804. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objectives of our study were to evaluate the changes in the cross-section area of carotid and femoral arteries caused by fluid loss during haemodialysis (HD) and to determine the direction and amount of these changes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-four HD patients (28 women and 46 men) were studied. We performed ultrasound exams of the distal common carotid and proximal femoral arteries in each patient before and after a HD session. Recorded exams were analysed using EchoPac software. Arterial cross-section area values were acquired for further analysis.

RESULTS: We found a statistically significant decrease in arterial systolic cross-section area values after HD sessions (carotid arteries area before HD equalled 0.6731 cm² and 0.6333 cm², p = 0.00001 after HD, femoral arteries area before HD equalled 0.8263 cm² and 0.7635 cm², p = 0.00001 after HD). The decrease of systolic carotid cross-section area correlated with the amount of fluid lost during HD sessions (correlation coefficient of 0.3122, p = 0.010) and the percentage of the body mass lost during HD (correlation coefficient of 0.3577, p = 0.003). No statistically significant changes were found in the femoral cross-section area.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the arterial cross-section area may be used in the assessment of response to body fluid loss. We were able to measure changes due to fluid loss during the HD session. The carotid cross-section values decreased after the procedure and correlated with the amount of fluid lost during the HD session.

PMID:35582602 | PMC:PMC9093207 | DOI:10.5114/pjr.2022.115804