Tag: pubmed

Phys Rev Lett. 2022 Oct 7;129(15):156801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.156801.

ABSTRACT

Fractional quantum Hall states (FQHSs) exemplify exotic phases of low-disorder two-dimensional (2D) electron systems when electron-electron interaction dominates over the thermal and kinetic energies. Particularly intriguing among the FQHSs are those observed at even-denominator Landau level filling factors, as their quasiparticles are generally believed to obey non-Abelian statistics and be of potential use in topological quantum computing. Such states, however, are very rare and fragile, and are typically observed in the excited Landau level of 2D electron systems with the lowest amount of disorder. Here we report the observation of a new and unexpected even-denominator FQHS at filling factor ν=3/4 in a GaAs 2D hole system with an exceptionally high quality (mobility). Our magnetotransport measurements reveal a strong minimum in the longitudinal resistance at ν=3/4, accompanied by a developing Hall plateau centered at (h/e^{2})/(3/4). This even-denominator FQHS is very unusual as it is observed in the lowest Landau level and in a 2D hole system. While its origin is unclear, it is likely a non-Abelian state, emerging from the residual interaction between composite fermions.

PMID:36269975 | DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.156801

J Clin Oncol. 2022 Oct 21:JCO2200970. doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.00970. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The sequencing of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiotherapy (RT) may affect outcomes for prostate cancer in an RT-field size-dependent manner. Herein, we investigate the impact of ADT sequencing for men receiving ADT with prostate-only RT (PORT) or whole-pelvis RT (WPRT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Individual patient data from 12 randomized trials that included patients receiving neoadjuvant/concurrent or concurrent/adjuvant short-term ADT (4-6 months) with RT for localized disease were obtained from the Meta-Analysis of Randomized trials in Cancer of the Prostate consortium. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed with propensity scores derived from age, initial prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, T stage, RT dose, and mid-trial enrollment year. Metastasis-free survival (primary end point) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by IPTW-adjusted Cox regression models, analyzed independently for men receiving PORT versus WPRT. IPTW-adjusted Fine and Gray competing risk models were built to evaluate distant metastasis (DM) and prostate cancer-specific mortality.

RESULTS: Overall, 7,409 patients were included (6,325 neoadjuvant/concurrent and 1,084 concurrent/adjuvant) with a median follow-up of 10.2 years (interquartile range, 7.2-14.9 years). A significant interaction between ADT sequencing and RT field size was observed for all end points (P interaction < .02 for all) except OS. With PORT (n = 4,355), compared with neoadjuvant/concurrent ADT, concurrent/adjuvant ADT was associated with improved metastasis-free survival (10-year benefit 8.0%, hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.79; P < .0001), DM (subdistribution HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.82; P = .0046), prostate cancer-specific mortality (subdistribution HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.54; P < .0001), and OS (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.83; P = .0001). However, in patients receiving WPRT (n = 3,049), no significant difference in any end point was observed in regard to ADT sequencing except for worse DM (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.05; P = .0009) with concurrent/adjuvant ADT.

CONCLUSION: ADT sequencing exhibits a significant impact on clinical outcomes with a significant interaction with field size. Concurrent/adjuvant ADT should be the standard of care where short-term ADT is indicated in combination with PORT.

PMID:36269935 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.22.00970

IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2022 Oct 21;PP. doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3212390. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Discrimination problems are of significant interest in the machine learning literature. There has been growing interest in extending traditional vector-based machine learning techniques to their matrix forms. In this article, we investigate the statistical properties of the nuclear-norm-based regularized linear support vector machines (SVMs), in particular establishing the convergence rate of the estimator in the high-dimensional setting. Furthermore, within the distributed estimation paradigm, we propose a communication-efficient estimator that can achieve the same convergence rate. We illustrate the performances of the estimators via some simulation examples and an empirical data analysis.

PMID:36269928 | DOI:10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3212390

J Clin Oncol. 2022 Oct 21:JCO2200947. doi: 10.1200/JCO.22.00947. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Patients with bulky stage I/II classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are typically treated with chemotherapy followed by radiation. Late effects associated with radiotherapy include increased risk of second cancer and cardiovascular disease. We tested a positron emission tomography (PET)-adapted approach in patients with bulky, early-stage cHL, omitting radiotherapy in patients with interim PET-negative (PET-) disease and intensifying treatment in patients with PET-positive (PET+) disease.

METHODS: Eligible patients with bulky disease (mass > 10 cm or 1/3 the maximum intrathoracic diameter on chest x-ray) received two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by interim fluorodeoxyglucose PET (PET2). Patients with PET2-, defined as 1-3 on the 5-point scale, received four additional cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. Patients with PET2+ received four cycles of escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone followed by 30.6 Gy involved-field radiation.

RESULTS: Of 94 evaluable patients, 53% were female with median age 30 years (range, 18-58 years). Eight-five (90%) had stage II disease, including 48 (51%) with stage IIB/IIBE. Seventy-eight (78%) were PET2- and 21 (22%) were PET2+. The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, with 9% of patients developing febrile neutropenia and one developing sepsis. The primary end point of 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 93.1% in PET2- and 89.7% in PET2+ patients. Three-year overall survival was 98.6% and 94.4%, respectively. The estimated hazard ratio comparing PFS of patients with PET2+ and patients with PET2- was 1.03 (85% upper bound 2.38) and was significantly less than the null hypothesis of 4.1 (one-sided P = .04).

CONCLUSION: Our study of PET-adapted therapy in bulky stage I/II cHL met its primary goal and was associated with an excellent 3-year PFS rate of 92.3% in all patients, with the majority being spared radiotherapy and exposure to intensified chemotherapy.

PMID:36269899 | DOI:10.1200/JCO.22.00947

Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2022 Oct 21:1-6. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2133606. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is a severe disease in which seizures play the leading role. Striking clinical manifestations of the attacks take most of the attention of healthcare professionals. Apart from epilepsy itself, it is well known that epilepsy patients may also have psychiatric comorbidities. These disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are mostly thought to be related to epileptic seizures or antiepileptic medications. In clinical practice, cognitive impairment is another disrupted area of interest in epileptic patients. Our study aimed to detect this deterioration and its correlations with mood disorders and epileptic disease features such as seizure frequency and illness duration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining verbal and written consent, we enrolled 52 epilepsy patients in our study. A short demographic form indicating their gender, epileptic disease features, and medication usage information was completed for each patient. The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen (QMCI) test, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were applied by an experienced psychologist. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings (e.g., encephalomalacia, large arachnoid cysts, a considerable amount of white matter gliotic lesions, neoplastic or vascular space-occupying lesions, hippocampal malformations), vitamin and electrolyte imbalances, other chronic diseases as well as thyroid dysfunction were considered as exclusion criteria since they might interfere with cognition. We excluded abnormalities to this extent because we wanted to acquire a homogenous sampling population without structural disadvantages. Thus, we could be able to determine slight changes in cognition properly.

RESULTS: We found decreased cognitive scores directly proportional to lower education level, higher seizure frequency, longer disease duration, generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) type of seizure, and antiepileptic polytherapy. Also, complying with the literature, a high frequency of depression was found in our study group. Interestingly, decreased anxiety levels of the patients were statistically related to higher seizure frequency, which may indicate adaptive mechanisms to frequent seizures. Finally, a multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant negative impact of GTC type of seizure on cognition.

CONCLUSION: Epilepsy and epileptic seizures affect cognition negatively. Thus, newly diagnosed epilepsy patients should be assessed for cognitive status as soon as possible. This assessment will allow epileptologists to understand future deteriorations in their patients’ cognition. In our study, it is shown that QMCI is an effective and practical way to assess the cognitive statuses of epilepsy patients.

PMID:36269892 | DOI:10.1080/23279095.2022.2133606

Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02287. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Increasing evidence indicates that exposure to microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can cause kidney damage. However, the association between MC-LR exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in humans has not been studied. Therefore, we conducted a population-based case-control study involving 135 CKD cases and 135 matched controls in central China and analyzed the effects of MC-LR alone as well as combined with the known risk factor cadmium (Cd). Compared to the lowest quartile of MC-LR exposure, the highest quartile had a 2.82-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37, 5.83) significantly increased risk for CKD, displaying a dose-response relationship (p_trend < 0.05). Our animal study also showed that MC-LR exposure induced kidney injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Comparing the highest Cd quartile to the lowest, the adjusted odds ratio for CKD was 3.43 (95% CI: 1.42, 8.27), exhibiting a dose-response relationship (p_trend < 0.05). Furthermore, a positive additive interaction was observed between MC-LR and Cd (relative excess risk due to interaction = 2.34, 95% CI: 0.30, 4.39; attributable proportion of interaction = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99). Our study firstly revealed that MC-LR exposure is an independent risk factor for CKD and has a synergistic relationship with Cd. MC-LR and Cd exposures are associated with CKD risk in a dose-response manner.

PMID:36269891 | DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c02287

Acta Biochim Pol. 2022 Oct 21. doi: 10.18388/abp.2020_6388. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Much research has shown how important role leptin – a hormone secreted by adipose tissue – plays in the regulation of human body weight, mainly due to its appetite-decreasing effects. Under the conditions of energy balance, leptin is an indicator of the amount of triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. In contrast, in a state of hunger or overeating, it acts as an energy balance sensor, and when its level is too high, it fails to reduce food intake, disturbing maintenance of the proper body mass. Recent studies indicate that there is a relationship between a vegetarian diet and the decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer and obesity. It has been noted that people on plant-based diets have lower body weight and percentage of body fat than omnivores. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between serum leptin concentrations and the type of diet. The 143 female volunteers on a vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diet were enrolled in the study. All participants had normal body weight (BMI≥18.5<24.9kg/m2). There were statistically significant differences in the serum leptin concentrations of the studied women. Both in the group of vegetarians and vegans circulating leptin was significantly lower (p<0.001) than in the group of omnivores, with the lack of differences in neither BMI nor in body fat content. This suggests that leptin levels are affected not only by the amount of stored fat, but also by the consumed food. This observation indicates the health-promoting properties of plant diets, by influencing circulating leptin.

PMID:36269890 | DOI:10.18388/abp.2020_6388

Tex Heart Inst J. 2022 Sep 1;49(5):e217650. doi: 10.14503/THIJ-21-7650.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vascular complications (VCs) after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have an increased mortality risk, and vascular closure device (VCD) use is mandatory. The percutaneous MANTA VCD (Teleflex) is a novel collagen-based technology for closure of large-bore arteriotomies. We compared the MANTA VCD with the suture-based ProGlide VCD (Abbott Vascular).

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI in our center from January 1, 2015, to February 28, 2021, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were cardiac death, disabling stroke, and/or major VCs. Access site-related VCs were VCs related to the access site vessel from which the transcatheter valve was introduced and advanced.

RESULTS: The MANTA VCD was used in 99 patients and the ProGlide in 224. There was 4.0% MACE in the MANTA group and 4.9% in the ProGlide group (P = .999). Overall VCs were 10.1% vs 7.6%, major VCs were 3.0% vs 2.2%, and minor VCs 7.1% vs 5.4%(P = .753). Access site-related VCs were 5.1% vs 5.8% in the (P = .999), and periprocedural vascular surgical intervention was needed in 6.1% of the MANTA group vs 2.2% of the ProGlide group (P = .099).

CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in MACE, mortality, cardiovascular mortality, VCs, access site-related VCs, periprocedural vascular surgical interventions, bleeding, or transfusion rate between the 2 groups. The MANTA VCD group had more periprocedural vascular surgical interventions which did not reach statistical significance.

PMID:36269884 | DOI:10.14503/THIJ-21-7650

Blood Adv. 2022 Oct 21:bloodadvances.2022007791. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007791. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Asparaginase is a key component of pediatric-inspired regimens in young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Truncation of asparaginase therapy is linked to inferior outcomes in children with ALL. However, similar correlation in adults is lacking. Here, we studied the prevalence and risk factors associated with pegylated (PEG)-asparaginase discontinuation in young adults with ALL treated on the US intergroup CALGB 10403 study and examined the prognostic impact of early discontinuation (ED) (defined as <4 of 5 or 6 planned doses) on survival outcomes. The analysis included 176 patients who achieved complete remission and initiated the delayed intensification (DI) cycle. The median number of PEG-asparaginase doses administered before DI was 5 (range: 1-6), with 57 (32%) patients with early discontinuation. The ED patients were older (median=26 vs. 23 years; P=0.023). Survival was apparently lower for ED patients compared with those receiving =/> 4 doses, but this finding was not statistically significant (HR=1.82; 95%CI: 0.97-3.43, P=0.06), with corresponding 5-year OS rates of 66% and 80%, respectively. In patients with standard-risk ALL, the early discontinuation of PEG-asparaginase adversely influenced OS (HR=2.3; 95%CI: 1.02-5.22, P=0.04) with a trend toward inferior EFS (HR=1.84; 95%CI: 0.92-3.67, P=0.08). In contrast, there was no impact of early PEG-asparaginase discontinuation on OS (P=0.64) or EFS (P=0.32) in patients with high-risk disease based on the presence of high-risk cytogenetics, Ph-like genotype, and/or high WBC at presentation. In conclusion, early PEG-asparaginase discontinuation is common in young adults with ALL and may adversely impact survival of patients with standard-risk ALL.

PMID:36269846 | DOI:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007791

PLoS One. 2022 Oct 21;17(10):e0276489. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276489. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The amplitude and frequency of the mechanical bearing fault vibration signals vary with time, and which are non-stationary and non-Gaussian process. The fault signals belong to α stable distribution, and the characteristic index 1 < α < 2, even the noises are α stable distribution in extreme cases. The existing linear chirplet transform (LCT) degenerates, even fails under α stable distribution environment. A fractional low order linear chirplet transform (FLOLCT) which takes advantage of fractional p order moment is presented for α stable distribution noise environment, and the corresponding FLOLCT time-frequency representation (FLOLCTTFR) is developed in this paper. By employing a series of polynomial chirp rate parameters instead of a single chirp rate of the FLOLCT method, a fractional low order polynomial linear chirplet transform (FLOPLCT) is developed to improve time frequency concentration of the signals. The improved FLOLCT and FLOPLCT methods are used to compare with the existing LCT and PLCT methods based on second order statistics, the results reveal performance advantages of the proposed methods. Finally, the FLOLCT and FLOPLCT methods are applied to analyze the fault signature of the bearing ball fault data in the position of DE (Drive end accelerometer) and extract their fault signature, the result illustrates their performances.

PMID:36269776 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0276489