Tag: pubmed

PLoS One. 2022 Aug 23;17(8):e0273283. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273283. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The effect of the serum chloride (Cl) level on mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unknown. We sought an association between mortality and serum Cl.

METHODS: We identified AKI patients in the eICU Collaborative Research Database from 2014 to 2015 at 208 US hospitals. The outcomes included in-hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Time-varying covariates Cox regression models and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves were used to assess the association between serum Cl levels and mortality. Multivariable adjusted restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the potential nonlinear relationship between mortality and serum Cl.

RESULTS: In total, 4,234 AKI patients were included in the study. Compared with normochloremia (98≤chloride<108mEq/L), hypochloremia (Cl<98mEq/L) was associated with mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for in-hospital mortality 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.80, P = 0.0003; adjusted HR for ICU mortality 1.37, 95% CI 1.05-1.80, P = 0.0187). Hyperchloremia showed no significant difference in mortality compared to normochloremia (adjusted HR for in-hospital mortality 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.04, P = 0.1438; adjusted HR for ICU mortality 0.87, 95% CI 0.72-1.06, P = 0.1712). Smoothing curves revealed continuous non-linear associations between serum Cl levels and mortality. The K-M curve showed that patients with hypochloremia presented with a lower survival rate.

CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum Cl levels after ICU admission was associated with increased in-hospital and ICU mortality in critically ill patients with AKI. The results should be verified in well-designed prospective studies.

PMID:35998143 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0273283

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Aug 24. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009622. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Confirmatory methods such as nerve conduction studies (NCS) are often performed to support a clinical carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis and to rule out other upper extremity pathologies. Ultrasonography (US) provides another diagnostic option, especially when NCS are discordant with history and physical examination. This study seeks to explore the correlation of US findings with clinical CTS diagnosis in patients with normal NCS.

METHODS: A database of 220 CTS patients was retrospectively analyzed to reveal 24 patients (28 hands) with clinically diagnosed CTS and normal NCS. Patient demographics and NCS and US findings were compared to those of a control group of non-CTS patients (42 patients, 52 hands). Median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) was recorded, with values ≥ 10mm2 considered positive for CTS. Statistical and correlation analyses were performed between control and CTS groups comparing key parameters of interest.

RESULTS: Mean CSA was significantly increased in CTS patients with normal NCS than in controls. Similarly, the proportion of CTS positive, NCS negative patients with CSA measurements greater than 10mm2 was significantly greater than the proportion for control patients. Neither age nor BMI correlated with CSA measurements. NCS latencies and amplitudes did not correlate with ultrasound abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinically diagnosed CTS patients with normal NCS were found to have clinically significant median nerve CSA on ultrasound (10.1 ± 2.1 mm2, p<0.001). Furthermore, CSA measurements on ultrasound do not correlate with NCS parameters. These results suggest that ultrasound holds a unique diagnostic utility in the evaluation of CTS, especially when NCS are negative.

PMID:35998137 | DOI:10.1097/PRS.0000000000009622

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Aug 24. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009608. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis is rarely diagnosed in utero, but rather postnatally through clinical exam and radiographic findings. Prenatal diagnosis would allow for improved parental counseling and facilitate timely intervention. The authors’ purpose is to determine if prenatal ultrasound can be used to diagnose nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, by quantitatively comparing calvarial dimensions of fetuses with known craniosynostosis, to age-matched controls.

METHODS: The authors reviewed 22 prenatal ultrasounds of infants known to have nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and 22 age matched controls. Cross sectional images at the plane used to measure biparietal diameter (BPD) were selected, and cranial shape of each subject was parameterized with a radial spoke model. Cephalic indices were calculated from the cross-sectional ultrasound images for cases of sagittal synostosis and compared to age-matched controls without craniosynostosis. We used the radial parameterization to discriminate affected patients from controls. The results from quantitative shape analysis were compared to results from a blinded visual inspection of ultrasound images conducted by the two senior authors (SRS, HOT).

RESULTS: Among the 22 patients, the most common diagnosis was sagittal synostosis (11), followed by metopic synostosis (6). The average gestational age at time of ultrasound of both controls and synostotic patients was 26 weeks and 6.8 days, at the junction of the second and third trimesters. The controls and synostotic cases segregated into statistically different populations by their shape profiles (P<0.001). An automatic shape classifier using leave-one-out cross validation correctly classified the 44 images as normals vs. synostotic cases 85% of the time (sensitivity 82%, specificity 87%). Cephalic index was a poor indicator of sagittal synostosis (45% sensitivity). Visual inspection alone demonstrated only a fair level of accuracy (40-50% agreement) in identifying cases of synostosis (kappa 0.09-0.23).

CONCLUSIONS: Cases of craniosynostosis can be identified on prenatal ultrasound with good sensitivity using formal shape analysis. Cephalic index and visual inspection alone performed poorly in identifying cases of craniosynostosis.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic, II.

PMID:35998125 | DOI:10.1097/PRS.0000000000009608

Mil Med. 2022 Aug 23:usac251. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usac251. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim is to investigate the impact of large-group, motor learning-based running gait training on injury risk in United States Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT).

DESIGN: A prospective quasi-experimental program evaluation is used.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical providers taught running gait form to groups of trainees in the first week of training of BMT from August 2020 to March 2021. The main outcome measures included risk ratio of reported injuries, removal from training because of injury, and separation from service because of injury.

RESULTS: Of BMT trainees, 2,205 underwent group, motor learning-based running gait training; this was compared with two intake groups (nA = 3,941 and nB = 2,041) who were only given introductions to sports medicine staff in a classroom setting. Reported pain complaints increased (χ2 = 27.4A and 20.83B, P < .001). Risk ratios for more severe injuries necessitating time out of training or separation from USAF were reduced, although these were statistically not significant (13%, P = .48 and 22%, P = .29, respectively). Leadership implemented gait training across BMT, and data from the following 8 weeks of intake (n = 6,223) demonstrated similar trends in increases in patient reports of pain (χ2 = 67.25, P < .001) but significantly reduced risk ratios of removal from training (32%, χ2 = 16.35, P < .001) or separation (32%, χ2 = 12.54, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: While not previously shown to mitigate injury, large-group, running gait training was associated with a significant reduction in injury severity defined by training delays and separation from service in USAF BMT.

PMID:35998101 | DOI:10.1093/milmed/usac251

Transl Behav Med. 2022 Aug 23:ibac055. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibac055. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Movement integration (MI) products are one of many MI strategies that aim to reduce students’ sedentary behavior (SB) and increase physical activity (PA) during classroom time. This study examined elementary classroom teachers’ off-the-shelf (i.e., no researcher support) use of MI products (GoNoodle Plus [GN], ABC for Fitness [ABC], Take10) and their impact on students’ SB and PA. Teachers (N = 57) at five schools received one MI product and reported MI strategy uses/day while student (n = 1,098, 52% female, 66% Black) accelerometer-determined SB and PA was assessed. Mixed regression models estimated changes in MI uses/day and SB and PA during the school day prior to and after teachers received the MI product. GoNoodle was the only MI product where overall MI strategy uses/day increased (∆ = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.4). Across products, students’ SB increased (∆ = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) while light (∆ = -1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) and MVPA (∆ = -0.5, 95% CI = -0.8, -0.2) decreased. For GN SB (∆ = -3.3, 95% CI = -7.8, 1.3), light (∆ = 2.5, 95% CI = -0.7, 5.7), and MVPA (∆ = 0.8, 95% CI = -0.9, 2.5), did not show statistically significant change. For Take10 SB (∆ = 1.0, 95% CI = -0.2, 2.2) and MVPA (∆ = 0.1, 95% CI = -0.3, 0.6) did not change while light PA decreased (∆ = -1.1, 95% CI = -2.0, -0.3). For ABC SB increased (∆ = 11.1, 95% CI = 8.4, 13.9) while light (∆ = -7.0, 95% CI = -8.9, -5.0) and MVPA (∆ = -4.2, 95% CI = -5.2, -3.1) decreased. GN shows promise for classroom teacher use. However, given limited uptake of the other products and the lack of change in children’s SB and PA, this study suggests that off-the-shelf MI products cannot be integrated into classroom routines without additional support.

PMID:35998100 | DOI:10.1093/tbm/ibac055

J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Aug 23:jjac119. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac119. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Over the past decade, the DNA methylome has been increasingly studied in peripheral blood of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, a comprehensive summary and meta-analysis of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA methylation studies has thus far not been conducted. Here, we systematically reviewed all available literature up to February 2022 and summarized the observations by means of meta-analysis.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic search and critical appraisal of IBD-associated DNA methylation studies in PBL using the biomarker-based cross-sectional studies (BIOCROSS) tool. Subsequently, we performed meta-analyses on the summary statistics obtained from epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) that included patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and/or healthy controls (HC).

RESULTS: Altogether, we included 15 studies for systematic review. Critical appraisal revealed large methodological and outcome heterogeneity between studies. Summary statistics were obtained from 4 studies based on a cumulative 552 samples (177 CD, 132 UC and 243 HC). Consistent differential methylation was identified for 256 differentially methylated probes (DMPs; Bonferroni-adjusted p-value ≤0.05) when comparing CD with HC and 103 when comparing UC with HC. Comparing IBD (CD + UC) with HC resulted in 224 DMPs. Importantly, several of the previously identified DMPs, such as VMP1/TMEM49/MIR21 and RPS6KA2, were consistently differentially methylated across all studies.

CONCLUSION: Methodological homogenization of IBD epigenetic studies is needed to allow for easier aggregation and independent validation. Nonetheless, we were capable of confirming previous observations. Our results can serve as the basis for future IBD epigenetic biomarker research in PBL.

PMID:35998097 | DOI:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac119

J Prosthodont. 2022 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13597. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of intraoral scanning (IOS) of the edentulous arch with the hybrid protocol of cast digitization (CD), and to investigate the effect of arch type and area on trueness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants that were edentulous in both arches were recruited. Two impression protocols were used; the IOS as the test protocol with an IOS device (TRIOS 4; 3Shape, Denmark), and the CD as the control, including tracing compound (TRACING STICKS; Kemdent, UK) for border molding, polyvinyl siloxane (Hydrorise Monophase; Zhermack, Italy) for impression, and cast digitization with a laboratory scanner (ceramill® map400, AMANNGIRRBACH, Germany). Scanned files were exported to a 3D inspection software (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems, NC, USA) for trueness analysis. The CD file (reference file) for each participant was split into 2 areas; the dynamic area represented the mobile tissues at the peripheral border, and the static area represented the rest of the arch. Statistical analyses were performed with 1-sample t-test for the difference between CD and IOS protocols, paired sample t-test for the difference between the static and dynamic areas for each arch, and independent sample t-test for the difference between the maxillary and mandibular arches for each area, with α = .05. Effect size was calculated with Cohen’s d (d), with 0.2 as small, 0.5 as medium, 0.8 as large.

RESULTS: A total of 21 participants were included. The difference between the IOS and CD protocol was significant for all subset comparisons (p< .001, d:2.5-6.2, large effect size). Dynamic areas had lower trueness in comparison with static areas (p< .001, d = 4.57, large effect size for the maxillary arch, p< .001, d = 3.96, large effect size for the mandibular arch). Mandibular arch had lower trueness in comparison with the maxillary arch (p< .001, d = 1.45, large effect size for the static areas, p = .009, d = 0.85, large effect size for the dynamic areas, p< .001, d = 1.71, large effect size for all areas). Color difference map showed marked positive deviation in the buccal dynamic areas of both arches, and non-matching areas with evident over-stretching.

CONCLUSIONS: While the IOS of edentulous arches could be feasible for attached mucosa, providing a functional shape for the peripheral border remains a challenge, with a thinner and more outward border for the IOS in comparison with the CD protocol. The IOS of the mandibular arch is more difficult and has lower trueness in comparison with the maxillary arch. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35997079 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13597

J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Aug 23. doi: 10.1111/jgh.15984. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: As more superficial esophageal cancer (EC) patients are being treated with endoscopic resection (ER), it is important to understand the outcomes, including survival data, of patients who develop metachronous EC and head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to evaluate the long-term surveillance and survival outcomes of metachronous EC and HNC after esophageal ER.

METHODS: This study included 627 patients who underwent ER of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from 2008 to 2016 and were generally followed by annual or biannual esophagogastroduodenoscopy up to 2019 at Osaka International Cancer Institute. Data on metachronous cancer development and causes of death were collected from an integrated database of hospital-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics of Japan.

RESULTS: During a median (range) follow-up period of 67.4 (3.8-142.7) months, 230 patients (36.7%) developed 500 metachronous ECs and 126 patients (20.1%) developed 239 metachronous HNCs, post-ER of index EC. The 3-year, 5-year, and 7-year cumulative incidences were 25.8%, 36.0%, and 43.6% for metachronous EC and 10.9%, 16.0%, and 26.9% for metachronous HNC, respectively. No patients died of metachronous EC, and only seven patients (1.1%) died of metachronous HNC. The 3-year, 5-year, and 7-year disease-specific survival rates were 99.8%, 99.6%, and 98.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of metachronous EC and HNC increase with time over 5 years after esophageal ER; therefore, surveillance endoscopy should be continued over 5 years. Endoscopic surveillance is useful for survivors after esophageal ER given the high incidence and extremely low mortality of metachronous EC and HNC.

PMID:35997074 | DOI:10.1111/jgh.15984

Elife. 2022 Aug 23;11:e74314. doi: 10.7554/eLife.74314.

ABSTRACT

Quantitative descriptions of animal behavior are essential to study the neural substrates of cognitive and emotional processes. Analyses of naturalistic behaviors are often performed by hand or with expensive, inflexible commercial software. Recently, machine learning methods for markerless pose estimation enabled automated tracking of freely moving animals, including in labs with limited coding expertise. However, classifying specific behaviors based on pose data requires additional computational analyses and remains a significant challenge for many groups. We developed BehaviorDEPOT (DEcoding behavior based on POsitional Tracking), a simple, flexible software program that can detect behavior from video timeseries and can analyze the results of experimental assays. BehaviorDEPOT calculates kinematic and postural statistics from keypoint tracking data and creates heuristics that reliably detect behaviors. It requires no programming experience and is applicable to a wide range of behaviors and experimental designs. We provide several hard-coded heuristics. Our freezing detection heuristic achieves above 90% accuracy in videos of mice and rats, including those wearing tethered head-mounts. BehaviorDEPOT also helps researchers develop their own heuristics and incorporate them into the software’s graphical interface. Behavioral data is stored framewise for easy alignment with neural data. We demonstrate the immediate utility and flexibility of BehaviorDEPOT using popular assays including fear conditioning, decision-making in a T-maze, open field, elevated plus maze, and novel object exploration.

PMID:35997072 | DOI:10.7554/eLife.74314

Clin Neuropsychol. 2022 Aug 23:1-14. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2112296. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Objective: In early stages of disease, the differential diagnosis between Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism, such as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), could be challenging. Growing attention has recently been dedicated to investigating neuropsychological markers of degenerative parkinsonism. The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) copy score was hypothesized able to differentiate PSP from PD. However, ROCFT is a drawing test requiring multiple cognitive abilities and it is still unknown which of them assumes an important role in PSP performance. Using a qualitative scoring system, we investigated which cognitive abilities underpin the PSP performance at the ROCFT copy trial. Moreover, we evaluated usefulness of the BQSS scores in discriminating PSP from PD. Methods: Thirty PSP-Richardson’s Syndrome (PSP-RS) patients, 30 PD patients, and 30 healthy control (HC) comparable for age, education, and gender were enrolled. All subjects underwent a neuropsychological evaluation; ROCFT copy were evaluated with the 36-Point Score and with the Boston Qualitative Scoring System (BQSS). Results: PSP-RS patients performed worse in ROCFT 36-Point Score and in several BQSS scores compared to other groups. Most suitable scores discriminating PSP-RS from PD were “Perseveration” and “Vertical Expansion” of BQSS. A logistic regression model considering “Perseveration” and “Vertical Expansion” showed a diagnostic accuracy of 83,3% for PSP-RS condition. Conclusion: our findings showed that “Perseveration” and “Vertical Expansion” BQSS scores were useful in discriminating PSP-RS from PD. “Perseveration” and “Vertical Expansion” BQSS scores might be included in the cognitive evaluation along with quantitative scores when PSP diagnosis is considered.

PMID:35997036 | DOI:10.1080/13854046.2022.2112296