Tag: pubmed

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 8;12(1):16913. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20724-4.

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 mortality risk stratification tools could improve care, inform accurate and rapid triage decisions, and guide family discussions regarding goals of care. A minority of COVID-19 prognostic tools have been tested in external cohorts. Our objective was to compare machine learning algorithms and develop a tool for predicting subsequent clinical outcomes in COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021. Seven Hundred Twelve consecutive patients from University of Washington and 345 patients from Tongji Hospital in China were included. We applied three different machine learning algorithms to clinical and laboratory data collected within the initial 24 h of hospital admission to determine the risk of in-hospital mortality, transfer to the intensive care unit, shock requiring vasopressors, and receipt of renal replacement therapy. Mortality risk models were derived, internally validated in UW and externally validated in Tongji Hospital. The risk models for ICU transfer, shock and RRT were derived and internally validated in the UW dataset but were unable to be externally validated due to a lack of data on these outcomes. Among the UW dataset, 122 patients died (17%) during hospitalization and the mean days to hospital mortality was 15.7 +/- 21.5 (mean +/- SD). Elastic net logistic regression resulted in a C-statistic for in-hospital mortality of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.81) in the internal validation and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.89) in the external validation set. Age, platelet count, and white blood cell count were the most important predictors of mortality. In the sub-group of patients > 50 years of age, the mortality prediction model continued to perform with a C-statistic of 0.82 (95% CI:0.76,0.87). Prediction models also performed well for shock and RRT in the UW dataset but functioned with lower accuracy for ICU transfer. We trained, internally and externally validated a prediction model using data collected within 24 h of hospital admission to predict in-hospital mortality on average two weeks prior to death. We also developed models to predict RRT and shock with high accuracy. These models could be used to improve triage decisions, resource allocation, and support clinical trial enrichment.

PMID:36209335 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-20724-4

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 8;12(1):16917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21444-5.

ABSTRACT

Characterizing complex fluvial-deltaic deposits is a challenging task for finding hydrocarbon discoveries. We described a methodology for predicting the hydrocarbon zones from complex well-log and prestack seismic data. In this current study, data analysis involves an integrated framework based on Simultaneous prestack seismic inversion (SPSI), target correlation coefficient analysis (TCCA), Poisson impedance inversion, and non-parametric statistical analysis, and Bayesian classification. First, seismic elastic attributes from prestack seismic data were estimated. They can provide the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties of seismic data. Then target correlation coefficient analysis (TCCA) was estimated roration factor “c” from well-log data. Using the seismic elastic attributes and rotation factor “c”, Poisson impedance inversion was performed to predict the Poisson impedance volume. Finally, Bayesian classification integrated the Poisson impedance volume with non-parametric probabilistic density functions (PDFs) to estimate the spatial distribution of lithofacies. Despite complex characteristics in the elastic properties, the current study successfully delineated the complex fluvial-details deposits. These results were verified with conventional findings through numerical analysis.

PMID:36209316 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-21444-5

Matern Child Health J. 2022 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s10995-022-03556-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: A conflicting body of evidence suggests localized periodontal inflammation spreads systemically during pregnancy inducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to specifically evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and preeclampsia.

METHODS: Electronic searches were carried out in Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trial Register, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar with no restrictions on the year of publication. We identified and selected observational case-control and cohort studies that analyzed the association between periodontal disease and preeclampsia. This meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA checklist and MOOSE checklist. Pooled odds ratios, mean difference, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random effect model. Heterogeneity was tested with Cochran’s Q statistic.

RESULTS: Thirty studies including six cohort- and twenty-four case-control studies were selected. Periodontitis was significantly associated with increased risk for preeclampsia (OR 3.18, 95% CI 2.26 – 4.48, p < 0.00001), especially in a subgroup analysis including cohort studies (OR 4.19, 95% CI 2.23 – 7.87, p < 0.00001). The association was even stronger in a subgroup analysis with lower-middle-income countries (OR 6.70, 95% CI 2.61 – 17.19, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis appears as a significant risk factor for preeclampsia, which might be even more pronounced in lower-middle-income countries. Future studies to investigate if maternal amelioration of periodontitis prevents preeclampsia might be warranted.

PMID:36209308 | DOI:10.1007/s10995-022-03556-6

Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct 9. doi: 10.1007/s10792-022-02536-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, an increase in mucormycosis cases has been observed in many countries, including Iran. However, the role of covid-19 and associated risk factors have not been thoroughly investigated.

OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to identify epidemiologic characteristics, risk factors, and outcome predictors of Covid-19-Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis (C-ROCM).

METHODS: Data of pathology proven Covid Associated ROCM cases were retrospectively obtained from 7 tertiary care centers throughout Iran from February 20, 2021, to July 22, 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using binary logistic regression to assess the effects of various factors on the outcome.

RESULTS: A total of 132 patients with C-ROCM were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 61.6 ± 13.9 (60.6% male). In 12 patients (9.1%), both eyes were involved. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (94.7%). The mortality rate was 9.1%, higher in males (12.5%) than females (3.8%). Severe vision impairment was seen in 58 patients (43.9%). Main factors that had a negative impact on the outcome in the univariate analysis include older age (P < 0.001), higher steroid dosage (P < 0.001), higher HbA1c level (P < 0.001), Covid-19 severity (P < 0.001), and brain involvement (P < 0.001). However, in the multivariate analysis, the effects of age (P = 0.062), steroid dosage (P = 0.226), and Covid-19 intensity (P = 0.084) decreased, and the difference was no longer statistically significant. CRAO was a predictor of mortality in the univariate analysis (P = 0.008, OR = 4.50), but in the multivariate analysis, this effect decreased and was no longer significant (P = 0.125).

CONCLUSION: The risk of C-ROCM and its complications may increase in patients with more severe Covid-19, steroid over-prescription, ICU admission due to Covid-19, and poor glycemic control during and after Covid-19 treatment.

PMID:36209307 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-022-02536-7

Odontology. 2022 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s10266-022-00752-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect, cytotoxicity, and microtensile bond strength of an adhesive system containing silver nanoparticles (NAg). NAg was synthesized and incorporated (500 and 1000 ppm) into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) primer and bond. A microtensile bond test (μTBS) was performed after 24 h and 1 year. The adhesive interface was characterized using a confocal Raman microscope. The antibacterial activity was assessed using agar diffusion and biofilm inhibition assays (S. mutans). MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of NAg-conditioned culture media on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α = .01). Incorporating 500 and 1000 ppm of NAg in the SBMP did not affect the μTBS after 24 h (p > 0.05). However, in the 1 year evaluation, 500 ppm presented the highest μTBS values (p < 0.05). The addition of NAg at 500 and 1000 ppm in the primer and bond led to larger inhibition halos and colony-forming units than the control (p < 0.05). For the unpolymerized and polymerized groups, the combination of primer and bond presented the highest cytotoxic effects on hDPSCs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, incorporating 500 or 1000 ppm of NAg into an etch-and-rinse adhesive system led to an antibacterial effect without altering the cytotoxicity. SBMP at 500 ppm presented a higher μTBS at 1 year.

PMID:36209305 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-022-00752-2

Clin Exp Nephrol. 2022 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s10157-022-02284-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Overweight/obesity is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in the general population. This study evaluated the impact of sex- and prefecture-specific prevalence of overweight/obesity on standardized incidence rates (SIRs) of treated ESKD in Japan.

METHODS: We conducted an ecological study of all prefectures in Japan (n = 47) using data from the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy, national census, the NDB Open Data, and the Statistics of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists. We calculated the prevalence of overweight/obesity and proteinuria, standardized mortality ratio, and ratio of nephrology specialists for each prefecture, and explored associations of these variables with sex- and prefecture-specific SIRs of treated ESKD using bivariate association analysis, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM).

RESULTS: Prefecture-specific SIRs ranged from 0.72 to 1.24 for men and 0.69-1.41 for women. Prefecture-specific SIRs were significantly correlated with both the prevalence of overweight/obesity and prevalence of proteinuria. The prevalence of overweight/obesity showed direct, positive, and significant associations with prefecture-specific SIRs in men (standardized estimate (β) = 0.43, p < 0.001) and women (β = 0.40, p < 0.001). The prevalence of proteinuria showed a significant association with prefecture-specific SIRs only in women (β = 0.33, p = 0.01). The SEM models explained 26% of the variance in SIR for men and 28% for women.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that the prefecture-specific prevalence of overweight/obesity in Japan can explain regional variation in prefecture-specific SIRs of treated ESKD in both sexes.

PMID:36209260 | DOI:10.1007/s10157-022-02284-z

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2022 Oct 8;14(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s13098-022-00913-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Excess adipose tissue is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk, but the volume of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue poses different metabolic risks. MRI with fat suppression can be used to accurately quantify adipose depots. We have developed a new semi-automatic method, RAdipoSeg, for MRI adipose tissue segmentation and quantification in the free and open source statistical software R.

METHODS: MRI images were obtained from wild-type mice on high- or low-fat diet, and from 20 human subjects without clinical signs of metabolic dysfunction. For each mouse and human subject, respectively, 10 images were segmented with RAdipoSeg and with the commercially available software SliceOmatic. Jaccard difference, relative volume difference and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated for each group. Agreement between the two methods were analysed with Bland-Altman plots.

RESULTS: RAdipoSeg performed similarly to the commercial software. The mean Jaccard differences were 10-29% and the relative volume differences were below ( ±) 20%. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient gave p-values below 0.05 for both mouse and human images. The Bland-Altman plots indicated some systematic and proporitional bias, which can be countered by the flexible nature of the method.

CONCLUSION: RAdipoSeg is a reliable and low cost method for fat segmentation in studies of mice and humans.

PMID:36209247 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-022-00913-x

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2022 Oct 8. doi: 10.1038/s41391-022-00592-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The phase III SPARTAN study demonstrated that apalutamide significantly improves metastasis-free survival and overall survival vs. placebo in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). However, patients receiving apalutamide experienced falls more frequently vs. those receiving placebo (15.6% vs. 9.0%).

METHODS: 806 patients with nmCRPC randomized to apalutamide in SPARTAN and treated with apalutamide in addition to ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were included in this post-hoc analysis investigating clinical variables associated with a subsequent fall. Time to a fall was assessed with Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for baseline characteristics and time-varying factors. Statistical inference was based on final multivariable models.

RESULTS: Falls were reported for 125/803 (15.6%) patients treated with apalutamide and ADT. Most falls were grade 1 or 2 and did not require hospitalization. Median time from randomization to first fall was 9.2 months (range 0.1-25.3 months). In the final multivariable model of both baseline and after-baseline covariates, baseline patient characteristics (older age, poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, history of neuropathy, and α-blocker use before study treatment) remained significantly associated with fall; after-baseline clinical characteristics significantly associated with time to fall were development of neuropathy, arthralgia, and weight loss before fall.

CONCLUSIONS: This analysis identified risk factors for fall among nmCRPC patients treated with apalutamide. Clinical management can minimize these identified risks while enhancing patient outcomes. Preventive interventions should be considered when the identified baseline conditions and post-treatment neuropathy, arthralgia, or weight decrease are present, to reduce risk of fall.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01946204.

PMID:36209239 | DOI:10.1038/s41391-022-00592-9

J Orthop Surg Res. 2022 Oct 8;17(1):446. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03293-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is conflicting clinical evidence whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapies could translate to an increased meniscus healing rate and improved functional outcomes. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the failure rate and patient-reported functional outcomes in meniscus repair augmented with and without PRP.

METHODS: We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies that compared the clinical efficacy of meniscus repair performed with PRP versus without PRP. The primary outcome was the meniscus repair failure rate, while the secondary outcomes were knee-specific patient-reported outcomes, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm knee scale, visual analog scale, Tegner activity level score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed by stratifying the studies according to the PRP preparation technique to investigate the potential sources of heterogeneity among studies.

RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included nine studies (two RCTs and seven non-RCTs) with 1164 participants. The failure rate in the PRP group was significantly lower than that in the non-PRP group [odds ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.42, 0.96), P = 0.03]. Furthermore, the PRP group was associated with a statistically significant improvement in the visual analog scale for pain [Mean difference (MD): – 0.76, 95% CI (- 1.32, – 0.21), P = 0.007] and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-symptom [MD: 8.02, 95% CI (2.99, 13.05), P = 0.002] compared with the non-PRP group. However, neither the IKDC score nor the Lysholm knee scale showed any differences between the two groups. In addition, the results of subgroup analyses favored PRP over platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) regarding the IKDC score.

CONCLUSIONS: Although meniscus repairs augmented with PRP led to significantly lower failure rates and better postoperative pain control compared with those of the non-PRP group, there is insufficient RCT evidence to support PRP augmentation of meniscus repair improving functional outcomes. Moreover, PRP could be recommended in meniscus repair augmentation compared with PRFM. PRFM was shown to have no benefit in improving functional outcomes.

PMID:36209223 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-022-03293-0

Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 8;12(1):16914. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21265-6.

ABSTRACT

Social media platforms have proved to be vital sources of information to support disaster response and recovery. A key issue, though, is that social media conversation about disasters tends to tail off after the immediate disaster response phase, potentially limiting the extent to which social media can be relied on to support recovery. This situation motivates the present study of social media usage patterns, including who contributes to social media around disaster recovery, which recovery activities they contribute to, and how well that participation is sustained over time. Utilising Twitter data from the 2019-20 Australian bushfires, we statistically examined the participation of different groups (citizens, emergency agencies, politicians and others) across categories of disaster recovery activity such as donations & financial support or mental health & emotional support, and observed variations over time. The results showed that user groups differed in how much they contributed on Twitter around different recovery activities, and their levels of participation varied with time. Recovery-related topics also varied significantly with time. These findings are valuable because they increase our understanding of which aspects of disaster recovery currently benefit most from social media and which are relatively neglected, indicating where to focus resources and recovery effort.

PMID:36209222 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-21265-6