Tag: pubmed

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6813-6820. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29783.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus are growing health problems all over the world. The aim of this study is the comparison of 3 mg liraglutide and metformin combination, metformin monotherapy on the blood glucose regulation, weight loss and lipid panel in the patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus whose BMI is ≥ 30 kg/m2.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 276 patients included in the study were divided into two groups (1:1); liraglutide (3 mg) + metformin combination (L+M) and metformin monotherapy (M) (2×1,000 mg) (exercise and diet were regulated in both groups). Patients’ body composition measurements were performed and fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL levels were measured by TANITA device prior to the therapy and in the week 12 of the therapy.

RESULTS: The average age of 276 patients included in the study was 49.70±7.93 years. A statistically significant decrease was noted in weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c values of both groups at the end of the third month. 11.3 kg of weight was lost on average in L+M group (-12.3%); 4.5 kg of weight was lost in the monotherapy group (-4.9%). A decrease of 14.3% was seen in the body fat mass, 2.1% in the muscle mass in L+M group and a decrease of 4.4% in the body fat mass and 6.1% in the muscle mass in the monotherapy group. The decrease in the body fat was higher at a statistically significant level in L+M group and the decrease in the muscle mass was higher in the monotherapy group. HbA1c decreased by 17.9% in L+M group (-1.49±0.46, Cohen’s d=2.68), 5.3% in the monotherapy group (-0.37±0.26, Cohen’s d=0.90). The decrease in TG, total cholesterol, LDL was higher at a statistically significant level in L+M group. The increase in HDL level was higher in the monotherapy group (L+M=22.7%, M=35.4%). A weight loss that was over 10% occurred in 4.3% of the patients in the monotherapy group and 68.1% of the combined therapy group at the end of 12 weeks (95% C.I. OR=19.49-121.65).

CONCLUSIONS: The effect of the combination of liraglutide 3 mg and metformin on blood glucose regulation, weight loss (fat loss, muscle conservation) was found to be superior to the metformin monotherapy in the obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus according to the early period results.

PMID:36196729 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29783

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6796-6804. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29781.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular atherosclerotic comorbidities represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. In both atherosclerosis and Psoriatic arthritis, inflammation plays a pivotal role. Psoriatic arthritis is considered as an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis with accelerated evolution. Development of atherosclerosis is initiated by the endothelial cell dysfunction along with inflammation and insulin resistance. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the endothelial function in Psoriatic arthritis patients, and to identify if it is related to the insulin resistance and Psoriatic arthritis disease activity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, a group of 32 age and gender matched healthy controls was formed and compared to the group of 32 Psoriatic arthritis patients. We assessed the following parameters: Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, serum levels of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and the endothelial dysfunction by means of the flow-mediated dilation at brachial artery. The Student’s t-test, the Pearson correlation and the ANOVA test were used to perform the statistical analysis of the data obtained; p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

RESULTS: Compared to the patients in the control group, TNFα and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance were increased (p-value <0.001), and flow-mediated dilation at brachial artery was decreased (p-value <0.001) in the disease group. In Psoriatic arthritis patients, significant correlations were found between Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (r=0.8143, p-value <0.001), and between Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score and flow-mediated dilation at brachial artery % (r= -0.8376, p-value <0.001). Psoriatic arthritis patients treated with Methotrexate exhibited reduced values of Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and increased values of flow-mediated dilation at brachial artery, when compared with the untreated patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial dysfunction is present in Psoriatic arthritis patients and has a significant correlation with both, the course of the disease and the insulin resistance.

PMID:36196728 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29781

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6593-6599. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29759.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: DNA repair genes may be related with the onset of primary ovarian failure (POF). The study was planned to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes modulate the risk of POF.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 25 women diagnosed with POF and 25 healthy controls. The genotyping and allele of XRCC1 and XPD genes were determined by using Polymerase Chain Reaction and fluorescence melting curve analysis.

RESULTS: The genotype and allele distribution of the Arg194Trp and Arg399Lys polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene did not differ statistically between those of the POF and control groups. The frequency of the C (Gln) allele was significantly lower in patients diagnosed with POF when compared to that in healthy controls [48% vs. 76%, p=0.040, OR: 3.43 (CI: 1.03-11.48)]. The Lys/Lys genotype for XPD-Lys751Gln polymorphism in patients diagnosed with POF was more common than in healthy controls (p=0.028, 52% vs. 24%).

CONCLUSIONS: The genotype distribution and allele frequency of XPD-Lys751Gln, XRCC1-Arg194Trp and XRCC1-Arg399 Gln did not regulate the risk of developing POF. Gln/Gln+Lys/Gln and XPD-Lys751Gln polymorphism may have a possible protective role against the development of POF.

PMID:36196709 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29759

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6572-6577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29756.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Varicocele is the abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum and is one of the diseases that have negative consequences on reproduction in men today. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological role of inflammatory parameters in patients diagnosed with varicocele.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who applied to Viransehir state hospital urology outpatient clinic between January 2016 and January 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Among the patients whose varicocele diagnosis was evaluated by physical examination, 112 patients diagnosed with Grade III varicocele were included in the study. Obtained hemogram results [red blood cell, red cell distribution width (RDW), mean red cell volume, white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin amount, platelet, platelet distribution width (PDW), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, and mean platelet volume (MPV)] were compared with the control group values.

RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of mean age (p=0.270). Statistically significant parameters between both groups were erythrocyte (p=0.011), MCV (p=0.028), RDW (p=0.018), and PDW (p=0.004), respectively. However, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), PLT/Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and MPV/PLT ratio (MPVPR) values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the varicocele group (p=0.034, p=0.043 and p=0.045, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, it is possible to recommend using the inflammatory parameters as markers to screen for the pathophysiological basis of varicocele.

PMID:36196706 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29756

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6561-6568. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29754.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing whether the dental and medical practitioners in Saudi Arabia are aware of the smoking cessation smartphone applications and their opinions about this method used in smoking cessation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A self-reporting questionnaire was designed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among the dental and medical practitioners regarding the smartphone mobile applications for smoking cessation. The content of the questionnaire was validated and sent to individual physicians through email, WhatsApp, Twitter and other social media platforms, which also contained a consent form and explanation of the study. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics by frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to observe the differences in opinions of smoking cessation apps between smokers and non-smokers among all the participants.

RESULTS: A total of 420 responses were obtained from the dental and medical professionals (291 males and 129 females) in different ranks. Among all the participants, 46.7% were in the age range of 30-40 years. The profession of the participants was divided into four groups and general dental practitioners are the most respondents compared to other practitioners. Among all the participants, 31% were smokers and the rest were non-smokers. Overall, 12.6% of participants and 20.8% of participants who were smokers were aware of the mobile applications which are used for smoking cessation.

CONCLUSIONS: The dental and medical practitioners in Saudi Arabia are not relatively acquainted with mobile apps for smoking cessation.

PMID:36196704 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29754

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6550-6560. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29753.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate maxillary molars’ root and root canal morphology among the Saudi population using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography scanning (CBCT).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, the CBCT scans of 483 Saudi nationals were evaluated to identify the number of roots and root canals in maxillary first and second molars. The records were tabulated and classified according to Vertucci and a new system for root and canal classification given by Ahmed and Dummer. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze the data statistically. To check for symmetry, comparisons were made between all the maxillary first molars (MFM’s) and maxillary second molars (MSM’s) on opposing quadrants. Inter Observer variability was seen using Cohen’s Kappa test.

RESULTS: MFM’s presented with three roots with Type II Vertucci canal configuration (VC) commonly seen among them. MSM’s had more variations in the number of roots and canals, although three roots and Type I VC were predominantly seen. When comparing the two genders statistically significant difference was observed in both maxillary molars at a 5% level using Fisher’s exact test. Three roots with four canals (3R4C) were predominantly observed in the MFM’s (85.6%) and three roots with three canals (3R3C) identified in 51.95% were more common than 3R4C (43.55%) in MSM’s. Both the maxillary molars bilaterally, exhibited a high percentage of symmetry in root and canal configurations.

CONCLUSIONS: Identification of root canal morphology of molars would reduce the chances of root canal failures by making sure all canals are obturated. This study provides supplemental information about the root canals of maxillary molars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation.

PMID:36196703 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29753

Int Endod J. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/iej.13842. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate the role of RAD54B in the proliferation of inflamed human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

METHODOLOGY: Normal, carious, and pulpitic human dental pulp tissues were collected. Total RNA was subjected to RNA-sequencing (seq) and gene expression profiles were studied by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in homologous recombination repair (HRR) were validated with qRT-PCR. The expression of RAD54B and TNF-α in human dental pulp tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. HDPCs were cultured and RAD54B level in hDPCs was detected after LPS stimulation using western blot. CCK-8 was used to investigate the proliferation of hDPCs transfected with negative control (Nc) small interfering RNA (siRNA), RAD54B siRNA, P53 siRNA or both siRNAs with or without LPS stimulation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution, and western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression of RAD54B, P53 and P21 under the above treatments. One-way and two-way ANOVA followed by LSD posttest were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: RNA-seq results identified DEGs among the three groups. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of DEGs in the replication and repair pathway. HRR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) components were further verified and qRT-PCR results were basically consistent with the sequencing data. RAD54B, an HRR accessory factor highly expressed in carious and pulpitic tissues as compared to that in the normal pulps, was chosen as our gene of interest. High RAD54B expression was confirmed in inflamed human dental pulp tissues and LPS-stimulated hDPCs. Upon RAD54B knockdown, P53 and P21 expressions in hDPCs were upregulated whereas the proliferation was significantly downregulated, accompanied by increased G2/M phase arrest. After inhibiting P53 expression in RAD54B-knockdown hDPCs, P21 expression and cell proliferation were reversed.

CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiles of normal, carious and pulpitic human dental pulp tissues were revealed. HRR components was elucidated to function in dental pulp inflammation. Among the DEGs in HRR, RAD54B regulated the proliferation of inflamed hDPCs via P53/P21 signalling. This research deepens understanding of dental pulp inflammation and provides a new insight to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

PMID:36196684 | DOI:10.1111/iej.13842

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Sep;26(18):6505-6511. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202209_29749.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The complicated gallbladder disorders are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the predictive value of immature granulocyte count and delta neutrophil index in the prediction of complicated cholecystitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent surgery for acute cholecystitis between January 2018 and April 2022. Overall, 351 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. In all patients, demographic data, immature granulocyte count (IGC), delta neutrophil index (DNI), white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin levels were recorded. Based on operative findings and histopathological examination, the patients were classified into 2 groups uncomplicated (group I) and complicated (e.g., perforation, gangrenous and emphysematous cholecystitis; group II) groups. The IBM SPSS version 26.0 (SPSS Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to assess differences in blood parameters between groups. The predictive values of the parameters evaluated were estimated using ROC analysis. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Acute complicated cholecystitis was found in 138 of 351 patients. No significant difference was detected in age and gender distribution between groups (p=0.352 and p=0.214, respectively). When blood parameters were assessed, it was found that IGC, DNI, WBC, and CAR values were significantly higher in group II (p<0.001; p<0.001, p<0.001, and p=0.036, respectively), while there was no significant difference in CRP and albumin between groups (p=0.099 and p=0.53, respectively). In the ROC analysis, the highest AUC value was found for IG count and DNI (0.784 and 0.775, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity were found as 68.8% and 86.9% for IG count and 49.3% and 96.2% for DNI, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The IG count and DNI are two novel parameters with strong predictive value in the early diagnosis of acute complicated cholecystitis, which may support clinical findings, imaging studies, and other laboratory parameters.

PMID:36196699 | DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202209_29749

BJU Int. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1111/bju.15913. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of ureteral injuries, clinical value of prophylactic ureteral stenting, and impact of intraoperative or postoperative detection of ureteral injuries in patients treated with gynecological or colorectal surgery.

METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for articles published before September 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated the differences in the rate of ureteral injuries between laparoscopic and open surgery, prophylactic ureteral stenting or not, and those of final treatment success between intraoperative and postoperative detection in patients who underwent gynecological or colorectal surgery.

RESULTS: Overall, 46 studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with a higher incidence of ureteral injuries (pooled odds ratio [OR]; 2.12, 95% confidence intervals [CI]; 1.71-2.62), but there was no statistically significant difference in colectomy (pooled OR; 0.89, 95% CI; 0.77-1.03). Prophylactic ureteral stenting was associated with a lower incidence of ureteral injuries during gynecological surgery (pooled OR; 0.61, 95%CI; 0.39-0.96). The number needed to perform ureteral stenting to prevent one ureteral injury was 224 in gynecological surgery. On the other hand, prophylactic ureteral stenting did not reduce the risk of ureteral injuries during colorectal surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteral injury was associated with a lower rate of complication management failure compared to postoperative detection (pooled OR; 0.22, 95%CI; 0.12-0.41).

CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic hysterectomy seems to be associated with a higher rate of ureteral injuries compared to an open approach. Prophylactic ureteral stenting seems to reduce this risk during gynecological surgery. Intraoperative detection of a ureteral injury during abdominal/pelvic surgery improves outcomes, suggesting the need for awareness and proactive problem identification. Further well-designed studies assessing the candidates who are more likely to benefit from prophylactic ureteral stenting including cost analysis are needed.

PMID:36196670 | DOI:10.1111/bju.15913

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Oct 5. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28455. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and hemodynamic alterations in metabolic syndrome (MetS) can cause a reduced myocardial energetic efficiency (MEE). Indexed MEE (MEEi), as a simple estimate of MEE, is emerging as a novel and useful imaging parameter.

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of MetS on MEE and systolic myocardial strain and to assess any sex difference.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

POPULATION: A total of 161 patients with MetS (female: n = 82, 52.2 ± 11.7 years; male: n = 79, 51.8 ± 10.6 years) and 77 healthy subjects (female: n = 46, 52.7 ± 8.2 years; male: n = 31, 54.1 ± 11.2 years). Patients with left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50% were excluded.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 3.0 T; balanced steady-state free precession sequence.

ASSESSMENT: LV volumes and mass (LVM) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were obtained by MRI. Stroke volume (SV) divided by HR was used as a surrogate measure of MEE and normalized to LVM (MEEi).

STATISTICAL TESTS: Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test; Multivariable linear regression (coefficient of determination, R² ). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: For both males and females, MEEi and GLS were lower in MetS patients than in the normal controls. Among MetS patients, men had significantly higher LVM (59.7 ± 13.4 g/m² vs. 48.8 ± 11.3 g/m² ) and significantly lower MEEi (0.68 ± 0.23 mL/g/s vs. 0.84 ± 0.23 mL/g/s) and GLS (-11.7% ± 2.8% vs. -13.9% ± 2.7%) than women. After adjustment for clinical variables, male gender (β = -0.291) was found to be inversely correlated with MEEi. Multivariable analysis showed that MEEi (β = 0.454) were independently associated with GLS (adjusted R² = 0.454) after adjustment for clinical and other MRI parameters.

DATA CONCLUSION: MEEi was significantly impaired in MetS without overt systolic dysfunction. There was a sex difference regarding the cardiac alterations in MetS, with men having significantly lower MEEi and GLS and significantly higher LVM than women. Further, MEEi was independently associated with GLS.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

PMID:36196628 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28455