Tag: pubmed

Transl Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 9;12(1):270. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-01992-0.

ABSTRACT

Alterations in tryptophan and serotonin have been implicated in various mental disorders; but studies are limited on child neurodevelopmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This prospective cohort study examined the associations between levels of tryptophan and select metabolites (5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTX), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin, N-acetyltrytophan) in cord plasma (collected at birth) and physician-diagnosed ASD, ADHD and other developmental disabilities (DD) in childhood. The study sample (n = 996) derived from the Boston Birth Cohort, which included 326 neurotypical children, 87 ASD, 269 ADHD, and 314 other DD children (mutually exclusive). These participants were enrolled at birth and followed-up prospectively (from October 1, 1998 to June 30, 2018) at the Boston Medical Center. Higher levels of cord 5-MTX was associated with a lower risk of ASD (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.77) and ADHD (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.96) per Z-score increase, after adjusting for potential confounders. Similarly, children with cord 5-MTX ≥ 25th percentile (vs. <25th percentile) had a reduction in ASD (aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.49) and ADHD risks (aOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.70). In contrast, higher levels of cord tryptophan, 5-HTP and N-acetyltryptophan were associated with higher risk of ADHD, with aOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.51; aOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.61; and aOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.53, respectively, but not with ASD and other DD. Cord serotonin was not associated with ASD, ADHD, and other DD. Most findings remained statistically significant in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

PMID:35810183 | DOI:10.1038/s41398-022-01992-0

Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 9;12(1):11698. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14760-3.

ABSTRACT

In this study,the water samples were collected from 31 sites of Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, India (North-Eastern Himalaya), during the winter season to check the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes.The study scientifically demonstrates the estimation of Water quality index (WQI) andhydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water samples by utilizing multivariate statistical methods. The main water quality parameters considered for this study were TDS, conductivity, salinity, pH, hardness, cations and anions. WQI was calculated in order to find out the deviation in the water quality parameters particularly with respect to BIS permissible limits.The major influencing factors responsible for the variation in these parameters were derived by using Principal component analysis (PCA) and Correlation matrix.To check the suitability of water for drinking purpose, hydrogeochemical facies and rock water interaction was derived by using well established methods such as Piper Plot (determine water type), WQI (Quality monitoring), and saturation index (for mineral dissolution). The results revealed that the silicate weathering was the main ionic source in comparison to carbonate weathering which is due to the higher dissolution capacity of silicate minerals.The results of the scattered plot between (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)-(HCO₃– + SO₄²-) versus (Na⁺ + K⁺)-Cl- (meq/L) highlighted thation exchange occurs between Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ofsurface water with Na⁺ and K⁺of rock /soil. This means that calcium ion was getting adsorbed, and sodium ion was getting released. The Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-HCO₃-, Na⁺-HCO₃-and Na⁺-Cl- type of surface water suggested permanent and temporary hardness respectively in the studied region. The dominant cations of this study were Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ while the dominant anions were HCO₃– and SO₄²-. In order to check the suitability of water sources for irrigation, parameters like, Magnesium hazard (MH), Total hardness (TH), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly Index (KI), Sodium adsorption rate (SAR), Sodium percentage (Na%), and Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were determined. The results showed that 93% of the samples had PI score < 75, which indicates the suitability of the water for irrigation. Also the WQI calculation showed an average WQI value of 82.49, amongst which 61% samples were in the range of 0-50 being considered as good for drinking, while 39% were catageorised as unsuitable for drinking showing a value of > 50. Hence the above findings reveal that geogenic activities play a major role in influencing the water quality of Tawang region. Hence suitable water treatment technologies or methods might be used to eliminate thenon desirable elements and minerals present in surface water.

PMID:35810170 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-14760-3

Nat Commun. 2022 Jul 9;13(1):3993. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31625-5.

ABSTRACT

Gene-environment interactions represent the modification of genetic effects by environmental exposures and are critical for understanding disease and informing personalized medicine. These often induce differential phenotypic variance across genotypes; these variance-quantitative trait loci can be prioritized in a two-stage interaction detection strategy to greatly reduce the computational and statistical burden and enable testing of a broader range of exposures. We perform genome-wide variance-quantitative trait locus analysis for 20 serum cardiometabolic biomarkers by multi-ancestry meta-analysis of 350,016 unrelated participants in the UK Biobank, identifying 182 independent locus-biomarker pairs (p < 4.5×10^-9). Most are concentrated in a small subset (4%) of loci with genome-wide significant main effects, and 44% replicate (p < 0.05) in the Women’s Genome Health Study (N = 23,294). Next, we test each locus-biomarker pair for interaction across 2380 exposures, identifying 847 significant interactions (p < 2.4×10^-7), of which 132 are independent (p < 0.05) after accounting for correlation between exposures. Specific examples demonstrate interaction of triglyceride-associated variants with distinct body mass- versus body fat-related exposures as well as genotype-specific associations between alcohol consumption and liver stress at the ADH1B gene. Our catalog of variance-quantitative trait loci and gene-environment interactions is publicly available in an online portal.

PMID:35810165 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-31625-5

Foot Ankle Surg. 2022 Jun 25:S1268-7731(22)00116-3. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.06.012. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Trimalleolar fractures are generally considered to have inferior outcomes among ankle injuries. Historically, emphasis was placed on the size of the posterior malleolar fracture (PMF) to guide surgical decision-making and predict outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that the morphology of the PMF fragment is more important than its size. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if the outcomes of trimalleolar fractures depend on the morphology of the PMF as per the Haraguchi classification system after surgical fixation.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Ovid. Title and abstracts were screened, and data from eligible studies were extracted. Meta-regression and pooled analysis was performed using appropriate computer software.

RESULTS: 11 studies with 597 patients were included in the final analysis. Pooled mean AOFAS score was 87.43 (95% CI 84.24-90.62) after a mean follow-up of 31.6 months. Univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis demonstrated that as the percentage of Haraguchi type 1 patients increased, there was a statistically significant improvement in outcome scores. A similar trend was noted for Haraguchi type 3 fractures, and a reverse trend was observed for Haraguchi type 2 injuries, although neither were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Our review suggests that the outcomes of trimalleolar fractures after surgical fixation may depend on the morphology of the PMF, with Haraguchi type 1 fractures having overall superior functional outcomes than Haraguchi type 2 and 3 injuries. Future studies need to done to conclusively prove or refute these findings.

PMID:35810125 | DOI:10.1016/j.fas.2022.06.012

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 May 22;68(1):67-74. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.10.

ABSTRACT

This experiment was designed to explore the relationship and effect of miR-1-3p expression and BDNF level in patients with primary hypertension complicated with depression. The subjects of the study were 145 patients with hypertension with a small fluctuation range of blood pressure in recent three months. Within 48 hours after admission, patients were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). After fasting for 12 hours, enrolled subjects were subject to blood collection (5 ml) in the morning for detecting blood lipid levels, miR-1-3p expression and BDNF by using an automatic biochemical analyzer, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results showed that compared with the normal control group, while miR-1-3p expression increased obviously in patients with hypertension, while the level of BDNF decreased significantly; and compared with patients with simple hypertension, the expression of miR-1-3p in hypertension patients with depression was significantly increased, while BDNF level was decreased evidently (All P < 0.05). miR-1-3p expression in patients with hypertension complicated with depression was negatively correlated with serum BDNF level (r=-0.302, P < 0.05). In relative to the normal control population, the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC produced by serum miR-1-3p and BDNF in patients with primary hypertension complicated with depression was 0.971 (95% CI = 0.945-0.998, P < 0.0001) and 0.875 (95% CI = 0.808-0.942, P < 0.0001); and in relative to primary hypertension patients without depression, the AUC of ROC produced by serum miR-1-3p and BDNF in patients with primary hypertension with depression was 0.957 (95% CI = 0.925-0.989, P < 0.0001) and 0.883 (95% CI = 0.821-0.944, P < 0.0001), respectively. HADS-D score, HAMD score, course of the disease, miR-1-3p expression and BDNF level showed statistical differences in primary hypertension patients with and without depression (All P < 0.05). It was concluded that there are high miR-1-3p expression and low serum BDNF levels in patients with primary hypertension complicated with depression. miR-1-3p has a negative correlation with BDNF, and it may play a role by negatively regulating the expression of BDNF. Detecting miR-1-3p and BDNF in patients with primary hypertension can indicate the occurrence of depression to some extent.

PMID:35809326 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.10

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 May 22;68(1):124-129. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.16.

ABSTRACT

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been accepted as the elective treatment in many patients with coronary atherosclerotic obstruction. A slight increase in cardiac markers after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been commonly reported. Some researchers have suggested that it predicts mortality and long-term complications. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of increased postoperative cardiac enzymes and determine the relationship between such an increase and clinical angiographic and technical variables. For this purpose, the descriptive study was performed in Hospital’s cardiac ward from 2020-to 2021. One hundred twenty-two patients with stable coronary artery disease were studied for elective PTCA implanted with successful and uncomplicated stenting. Blood samples were taken from all patients to measure cardiac markers 20 hours after surgery. The normal range was CTnI ≤ 2ng/ml and CKMB ≤ 24 IU/L. Plasma levels of myocardial infarction and their relationship with clinical variables (including age, sex, risk factors for coronary artery disease, the severity of symptoms based on ccs class and previous history of acute coronary syndromes), angiographic including (lesion type, severity of stenosis) or related to the operation (operation on one or two vessels and direct stenting versus PTCA + stenting) were recorded in a questionnaire and observation sheets. The collected data were processed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables, Chi-square, and student t-tests. Abnormal values of myocardial infarction were observed in 46.72% (57 patients). An increase in CTnI was observed in 39 patients (31.96%) and an increase in CKMB was seen in 31 patients (25.40%). Although the rise in CTnI exceeded the CKMB, the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The increased CTnI was significantly higher in older people, and the increase in CKMB was significantly higher in hypertensive individuals (p = 0.01). Based on the findings of this study, there is an increase in enzymes after successful and uncomplicated PCI selection. Increased CTnI occurs more frequently than CKMB. There is no relationship between enzyme enhancement and other clinical, angiographic, and technical variables.

PMID:35809320 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.16

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 May 22;68(1):201-208. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.24.

ABSTRACT

To provides a reference basis for the apoptosis of breast cancer (BC) cells and the carcinogenesis of BC, the effects of 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) on apoptosis regulators FasL and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were investigated. In this study, 62 female C57BL/6 mice aged from 4 to 6 weeks were randomly divided into control group (CG) and test group (TG), with 31 mice in each group. The TG was given DMBA solution by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and the CG was given normal saline of equal volume. On the second day after the experiment, all the mice were killed by cervical dislocation. The morphology of the mammary gland was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the differences of FasL and Bcl-2 protein expression (PE) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of FasL and Bcl-2 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Breast cell apoptosis status of mice in the two groups was detected by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method. The results showed that after HE staining, the tumor cells in the TG were stacked up to form a substantial structure. The expression level of FasL protein in the CG was greatly lower than that in the TG, and the positive rate (PR) was 20.25%, which was greatly lower than that of 89.65% in the TG (P<0.01). The expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the mammary gland tissues (MGTs) of mice in the TG was greatly higher than that of the CG, and its PR was 87.96%, which was greatly higher than that of 31.48% in the CG (P<0.01). The expression levels of FasL mRNA in the MGTs of mice in the TG and CG were 5.82±4.37 and 1.27±0.12, respectively, and there was a statistically obvious difference (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 in the TG and the CG were 18.97±2.65 and 2.02±0.54, respectively, and there was an extremely obvious difference (P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of mammary gland cells in the TG was (19.79±3.53) %, and that in the CG was (2.93±0.28) %, and there was an extremely obvious difference (P<0.01). It indicated that DMBA inhibited the apoptosis of BC cells by regulating the up-regulation of FasL and Bcl-2 expression.

PMID:35809312 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.24

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 May 22;68(1):217-225. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.26.

ABSTRACT

In this study, rainbow trout were fed for a total of 90 days with different feed mixes containing 0.00%, 1.00%, 1.50% and 2.00% garlic (Allium sativum). The effect of garlic on the growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout was researched. The starting weight of fish in the experimental group was approximately 64.12±0.29 gr, which increased to 234.12±3.54gr, 246.31±4.41gr, 258.74±4.42gr, and 268.79±4.79gr, while the difference in growth between the groups was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05). At the end of the feeding period, the specific growth rate (SGR), the economic conversion ratio (ECR), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the economic profit index (EPI) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were checked. In this study, the nutritional composition and fatty acid profiles of fish after 90 days of feeding were examined. As a result of this study, the supplementation of garlic to the diet given to rainbow trout caused an increase in their protein ratio and a decrease in their moisture content and fat ratio. Additionally, it led to a decrease in fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PMID:35809310 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2022.68.1.26

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Jan 2;67(4):56-67. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.4.7.

ABSTRACT

During the previous few decades, it has been seen that there is a rapid emergence of pathogens resistant to multiple antibiotics. This has now become a global crisis. Some unexplored or less explored plants also provide some antibacterial, bactericidal and antioxidant properties. The antibacterial, bactericidal effects of extracted essential oils (EEOs) of Thunbergia coccinea, Acacia polyacantha, Polygonum micrpcephallum, Abies spectabilis and Clerodendrum colebrookianum was tested in comparison with standard antibiotics. The methods chosen were disc diffusion and deduction of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microbroth dilution assays of the EEOs against the bacterial strains.The antioxidant activity was found out utilizing DPPH free radical scavenging assay, MDA, Hydrogen peroxide radical inhibition assay and Superoxide radical inhibition assay (O 2 -). Some commonly used standard antibiotics (metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, rifampicin, clindamycin and oxacillin,) were utilized to compare the EEO antibacterial action. Clerodendrum colebrookianum (85.17 ± 3.06 µg MDA/g extract) had a reasonable MDA. Acacia polyacantha in MIC had values of 3.86 ± 0.25 to 6.20 ± 0.16. Polygonum micrpcephallum had excessive H2O2 (48.27 ± 2.4 5%). The antibacterial actions determined by the paper disc‑diffusion technique of the EEO extracted from these plants showed that most had some antibacterial actions. Also, it was seen that the bactericidal action of the EEO extracted from E. alba was most potent against S. pyogenes (4.06 ± 0.15). The extract of the plant at varying concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and100 mg/mL) demonstrated noteworthy (P< 0.001) anthelmintic action in an effective change when the dose was adjusted. In conclusion, most of the tested plants contain a medicinal value, which can be utilized in the future to supplement artificial medicines and cure emerging diseases that create havoc for mankind.

PMID:35809302 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2021.67.4.7

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022 Jan 2;67(4):135-142. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2021.67.4.16.

ABSTRACT

Spinal tuberculosis or tuberculous spondylitis is one of the most common types of skeletal tuberculosis. Complications of the spine and spinal cord tuberculosis include destruction of the vertebrae, deformity, and paraplegia. Since in some patients, the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis are unusual and timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease can prevent its serious consequences, so in the present study, some cases of rare manifestations of tuberculosis were investigated. The expression of the NF-κB gene in these patients was also evaluated. In this regard, 36 patients with spinal tuberculosis and 30 healthy individuals (as a control group) were assessed. Clinical symptoms, imaging, laboratory tests, pathology, and response to treatment related to patients with spinal tuberculosis and spinal cord tuberculosis were evaluated. NF-κB expression was also evaluated using the PCR technique in peripheral white blood cell samples. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS ver. 16, χ2 and T-test statistical methods. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were used to analyze non-parametric data. The results showed that out of 36 cases of spinal tuberculosis, 29 cases had spinal tuberculosis, five cases had tuberculous radiculomyelitis, one case had spinal intramedullary tuberculoma, and one case had syringomyelia. 52.78% of patients were male, and 70% of cases were observed between the ages of 35 and 55 years. Fever and back pain were seen in more than 80% of cases. The study of NF-κB expression in the control and case groups showed that the NF-κB expression in the case group increased compared to the control group. This increase was statistically significant (P = 0.0071). In general, in the present study, the methods of clinical diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis were evaluated. Also, the amount of NF-κB transcription factor was evaluated as an effective genetic factor in the diagnosis of this disease.

PMID:35809293 | DOI:10.14715/cmb/2021.67.4.16