Tag: pubmed

Acad Radiol. 2021 Aug 21:S1076-6332(21)00327-5. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.07.019. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) on high resolution CT (HRCT) is difficult for non-expert radiologists due to varied presentation for any single disease and overlap in presentation between diseases.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a pattern-based training algorithm can improve the ability of non-experts to diagnosis of DPLD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five experts (cardiothoracic-trained radiologists), and 25 non-experts (non-cardiothoracic-trained radiologists, radiology residents, and pulmonologists) were each assigned a semi-random subset of cases from a compiled database of DPLD HRCTs. Each reader was asked to create a top three differential for each case. The non-experts were then given a pattern-based training algorithm for identifying DPLDs. Following training, the non-experts were again asked to create a top three differential for each case that they had previously evaluated. Accuracy between groups was compared using Chi-Square analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 400 and 1450 studies were read by experts and non-experts, respectively. Experts correctly placed the diagnosis as the first item on the differential versus having the correct diagnosis as one of their top three diagnoses at an overall rate of 48 and 64.3%, respectively. Pre-training, non-experts achieved a correct diagnosis/top three of 32.5 and 49.7%, respectively. Post-training, non-experts demonstrated a correct diagnosis/top three of 41.2 and 65%, a statistically significant increase (p < 0.0001). In addition, post training, there was no difference between non-experts and experts in placing the correct diagnosis within their top three differential.

CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of DPLDs by HRCT imaging alone is relatively poor. However, use of a pattern-based teaching algorithm can improve non-expert interpretation and enable non-experts to include the correct diagnosis within their differential diagnoses at a rate comparable to expert cardiothoracic trained radiologists.

PMID:34429261 | DOI:10.1016/j.acra.2021.07.019

Reprod Biomed Online. 2021 Jul 22:S1472-6483(21)00350-3. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.07.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

RESEARCH QUESTION: Is ovarian stimulation and pregnancy in women with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-associated desmoid tumours safe?

DESIGN: The study included women with FAP-associated desmoid tumours who underwent fertility treatments at the authors’ tertiary medical centre between the years 2011 and 2021. Data were collected from the fertility unit’s charts and from the oncological registries. The main outcome measures were the number of vitrified oocytes and embryos, and the number of live births in preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (PGT-M) cycles.

RESULTS: Overall, 17 women were identified suitable for this study. A total of 117 mature oocytes were vitrified for fertility preservation and 106 embryos were submitted to PGT-M. One patient returned to claim her cryopreserved oocytes, and five patients who underwent PGT-M embryo transfer reported three live births. A statistically significant decrease in selected fertility cycle parameters was observed in one woman who co-administered sorafenib (a multikinase inhibitor) during her first cycles of treatment, as the mean number of oocytes before and after was 2.7 (±1.3) versus 13.2 (±3.3) (P = 0.02), the mean number of metaphase II oocytes was 2.2 (±2.1) versus 7.7 (±2.6) (P = 0.007), and the mean number of two-pronuclei oocytes was 0.5 (±1.1) versus 3.5 (±1.7) (P = 0.09). Three patients had a median desmoid tumour growth on magnetic resonance imaging of 6.2 (2.9-7.2) cm when compared with prior ovarian stimulation imaging.

CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian stimulation for women with desmoid tumours was characterized in some patients with an acceleration in tumour growth, regardless of the use of aromatase inhibitors. The use of sorafenib should be carefully considered during the course of fertility treatment.

PMID:34429254 | DOI:10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.07.010

Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2021 Jul 31:S1533-0028(21)00073-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2021.07.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Regorafenib is a key agent in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but no validated factors predicting longer survival are available.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: REALITY was a retrospective multicenter trial in regorafenib-treated mCRC patients with overall survival (OS) ≥ 6 months. We aimed to assess the association between clinical parameters and outcome to define a panel identifying long term survivors among regorafenib candidates. Primary and secondary endpoints were OS and progression free survival (PFS), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed with MedCalc (survival distribution: Kaplan-Meier; survival comparison: log-rank test; independent role of significant variables at univariate analysis: logistic regression).

RESULTS: Hundred regorafenib-treated mCRC patients with OS ≥ 6 months were enrolled. Median OS was 11.5 m (95%CI:9.60-12.96); median PFS was 4.2 months (95% CI:3.43-43.03). The absence of liver progression and of dose and/or schedule changes during the first 4 cycles (mainly for good tolerability) were independently correlated at multivariate analysis with OS (Exp(b)1.8869, P= .0277and Exp(b)2.2000, P = .0313) and PFS (Exp(b)2.1583, P = .0065 and Exp(b)2.3036, P= .0169). Patients with neither of these variables had a significantly improved OS (n = 14, 20.8 months; 95% CI:12.967-55.267) versus others (n = 86, 10 months; 95% CI:8.367-12.167; HR = 0.4902, P = .0045) and PFS (11.3 months, 95%CI:4.267-35.8 vs. 3.9 months, 95% CI:3.167-43.033; HR = 0.4648, P = .0086).

CONCLUSION: These 2 factors might allow clinicians to better identify patients more likely to benefit from regorafenib. Toxicity management remains crucial.

PMID:34429245 | DOI:10.1016/j.clcc.2021.07.008

Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2021 Apr 15:S1090-3798(21)00087-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.04.001. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34429249 | DOI:10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.04.001

Soc Sci Res. 2021 Sep;99:102595. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102595. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

ABSTRACT

Although debates over guns and gun control have roiled the contemporary political scene, the role of religion has received only limited attention from scholars. We contribute to this literature by developing a series of theoretical arguments linking one specific facet of religion -belief in supernatural evil (i.e., the Devil/Satan, Hell, and demons)-and a range of gun policy attitudes. Relevant hypotheses are then tested using data from the 2014 Baylor Religion Survey (n = 1572). Results show that belief in supernatural evil is a robust predictor of support for policies that expand gun rights. Overall, the estimated net effects of belief in supernatural evil withstand statistical controls for a host of sociodemographic covariates, and, importantly, political ideology. Very few other aspects of religion are associated with any of these gun policy attitudes. Implications and study limitations are discussed, and promising directions for future research on religion and guns are identified.

PMID:34429212 | DOI:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102595

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Aug 21:S0901-5027(21)00270-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.017. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Acemannan, a linear polysaccharide produced by Aloe vera, has been shown to have important biological effects promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the impact of acemannan in guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement. Twenty patients were randomly allocated to a test group (deproteinized bovine bone with particulate acemannan (mean size 32.45 μm)) and a control group (deproteinized bovine bone only). Twenty implants were placed with simultaneous GBR. Radiographic measurements were conducted on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans immediately post-surgery and at 3 and 6 months. Vertical and horizontal dimensions of the buccal bone were measured at the implant platform (0) and at points 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm apically. The dimensional reduction of vertical and horizontal buccal bone was significantly smaller in the test group at 3 months postoperative (P < 0.05) at every position measured (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant at 6 months. Acemannan was found to be a safe and predictable biomaterial for GBR, which resulted in enhanced dimensional stability of the regenerated tissue at 3 months. However, these results were not replicated at 6 months. Further studies are required to document the long-term efficacy and potential of acemannan use as a supplement in bone regeneration.

PMID:34429224 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.017

Eur J Dent. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731838. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the direct relining technique with the indirect relining technique in relation to quality of life, satisfaction with the relining, occlusal force, and halitosis of users of acrylic complete dentures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty bimaxillary edentulous individuals were selected. They had to use the same pair of complete dentures for a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 5 years. The subjects were randomly divided in groups of direct relining and indirect relining of the inferior denture (n = 10). Both groups received the same silicone-based relining. The clinical tests verified the quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile in edentulous individuals), the satisfaction with the relining, the occlusal force, and halitosis. The tests (halitosis and occlusal force) were performed initially (before the relining), immediately after the relining, and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the relining. The questionnaires (quality of life and satisfaction with the relining) were performed initially (before the relining), and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the relining.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: There was no statistical difference comparing the two techniques in all the evaluations (p < 0.05). There was a significant statistical difference for the factor of time in all clinical tests for each relining technique (p < 0.05). The quality of life and satisfaction with the relining increased significantly 30 days after the relining when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (p < 0.05). The occlusal force increased significantly after 90 and 180 days when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (p < 0.05). Halitosis decreased significantly immediately after the relining when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Independent of the relining technique used, there was an increase in the quality of life, satisfaction with the relining, and occlusal force, as well as a reduction in the level of halitosis. Both techniques generated similar results and therefore can be options in clinical practice.

PMID:34428849 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1731838

Eur J Dent. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731587. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to review clinical publications involving anterior-region resin-bonded fixed partial dentures to evaluate their survival rates vis-à-vis their materials and design. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE to identify articles that reported on the longevity of anterior resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses published between 2000 and 2020. Only primary clinical studies that involved a follow-up after at least 3 years were included in this review. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses’ survival rates in relation to their materials and design. This review ultimately included 23 clinical publications, comprising prospective studies, retrospective studies, and randomized controlled trials. Its statistical analysis estimated the studied prostheses’ 5-year survival rate at 86.2% for metal-framed prostheses, 87.9% for zirconia prostheses, 93.3% for alumina prostheses, 100% for glass or ceramic prostheses, and 81.7% for fiber-reinforced composite restorations. Failure rates did not significantly differ between the different material groups or between the single- and double-retainer groups. Resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses present excellent 5-year clinical longevity in the anterior sector and a favorable benefit/risk/cost ratio. Currently, no consensus has been established on an ideal material for these restorations. Cantilever design tends to limit constraints on the prostheses’ retainers and, thus, increases their survival time. All-ceramic cantilever fixed partial dentures can be considered as a definitive therapy, given their high success and survival rates. They are an optimal solution for adolescents or young adults facing potentially continuous growth.

PMID:34428850 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1731587

Eur J Dent. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1727552. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained.

RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns.

CONCLUSION: Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.

PMID:34428845 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1727552

Eur J Dent. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1728237. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-office and at-home bleaching agent applications on the surface topography and microhardness of artificially demineralized enamel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 224 enamel specimens were prepared using bovine sound central incisors. 4 mm × 4 mm enamel windows were exposed on the buccal surfaces covering the remaining surface with nail varnish. Samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 16 hours to produce artificial caries lesions, then divided into four groups according to the bleaching agent’s type and concentration. Group I; in-office bleaching 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Whiteness HP Maxx; FGM, Brazil), Group II and Group III at-home bleaching 16 and 22% carbamide peroxide CP, respectively (Whiteness Perfect). Group IV; control (not bleached). The microhardness Vickers hardness number (VHN) was measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after bleaching consequently. The micro-surface changes of the enamel surface after demineralization and bleaching were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were evaluated by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test followed by Post Hoc Tukey’s and Fisher’s least significant difference. Tow- sided p-values were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS: A significant reduction was noticed in the enamel microhardness after demineralization p < 0.05. However, there is no statistically significant difference between the mean VHN of the demineralized and bleached enamel (p > 0.001). SEM images showed significant changes on the surface of the demineralized enamel after bleaching (pattern type III).

CONCLUSIONS: The low and high concentrations of HP and CP bleaching agents increased the demineralization severity of artificial caries lesions without significantly altering their microhardness values.

PMID:34428848 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1728237