Tag: pubmed

Oper Dent. 2025 Jun 3. doi: 10.2341/24-007-LIT. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The use of resin composites (RC) for complex restorations, including those involving cusp coverage, has increased dramatically in recent years. However, reports in the literature regarding the performance of posterior multisurface RC and amalgam (AM) restorations. show conflicting results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the clinical performance of complex (involving two or more surfaces) direct posterior resin composite and amalgam restorations in permanent teeth.

METHODS: Inclusion criteria were for prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of multisurface direct RC and AM restorations of permanent posterior teeth with a follow-up period of three years or more. The trials needed to include a minimum of 20 restored teeth for each evaluated material. Retrospective studies, studies lacking survival rates or clearly reported reasons for failure, and those with unclear randomization methods were excluded.Five bibliographic databases (Medline-OVID, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and LILACS [Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database]) and manual searches were screened. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation and the DerSimonianLaird random-effects model to evaluate restorative failures and compare the survival of AM and RC restorations.

RESULTS: From the 6303 identified studies, 198 underwent meticulous examination, and 15 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Only two studies compared AM and RC restorations. Although the combined data from these studies showed a trend toward higher failure rates in multisurface RC restorations, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). The most common reasons for the failure of RC restorations were secondary caries, restoration fracture, and tooth fracture. For AM, the most common reasons for failure were secondary caries and tooth fracture.

CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the evidence was low. The scarcity of studies comparing RC and AM in complex restorations has resulted in insufficient evidence to substantiate superior performance by either material.

PMID:40458903 | DOI:10.2341/24-007-LIT

MAbs. 2025 Dec;17(1):2511220. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2025.2511220. Epub 2025 Jun 3.

ABSTRACT

Developing therapeutic antibodies is a challenging endeavor, often requiring large-scale screening to produce initial binders, that still often require optimization for developability. We present a computational pipeline for the discovery and design of therapeutic antibody candidates, which incorporates physics- and AI-based methods for the generation, assessment, and validation of candidate antibodies with improved developability against diverse epitopes, via efficient few-shot experimental screens. We demonstrate that these orthogonal methods can lead to promising designs. We evaluated our approach by experimentally testing a small number of candidates against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in three different tasks: (i) traversing sequence landscapes of binders, we identify highly sequence dissimilar antibodies that retain binding to the Wuhan strain, (ii) rescuing binding from escape mutations, we show up to 54% of designs gain binding affinity to a new subvariant and (iii) improving developability characteristics of antibodies while retaining binding properties. These results together demonstrate an end-to-end antibody design pipeline with applicability across a wide range of antibody design tasks. We experimentally characterized binding against different antigen targets, developability profiles, and cryo-EM structures of designed antibodies. Our work demonstrates how combined AI and physics computational methods improve productivity and viability of antibody designs.

PMID:40458889 | DOI:10.1080/19420862.2025.2511220

J Surg Oncol. 2025 May;131(6):994-995. doi: 10.1002/jso.28069. Epub 2024 Dec 29.

ABSTRACT

Mujtaba Khalil and colleagues published their study “Impact of Spousal Mental Illness on Healthcare Utilization Among Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer” in the Journal of Surgical Oncology provides important insights into the impact of spousal mental illness on healthcare utilization and expenditure for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Although the study is innovative, there are limitations such as sample representativeness and underestimation of mental health diagnosis. It is recommended that future studies expand the sample size, combine clinical and administrative data to improve diagnostic accuracy, conduct long-term follow-up studies, conduct intervention studies, and explore solutions at the policy level to more fully understand and address the impact of spousal mental illness on patients’ medical utilization and expenditure.

PMID:40458886 | DOI:10.1002/jso.28069

Acta Cardiol. 2025 Jun 3:1-8. doi: 10.1080/00015385.2025.2511519. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Infective endocarditis is defined as an infection of the endothelial surfaces in the heart (valves and endocardium), prosthetic heart valves, and intracardiac devices (such as pacemaker leads and ventricular assist devices). Due to diagnostic challenges, determining the true incidence of infective endocarditis is difficult. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality rates have not decreased. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with infective endocarditis followed in our hospital between 2005 and 2018 and assessed their relationship with in-hospital and one-year mortality.

METHODS: This study retrospectively analysed 145 patients aged ≥18 years who were diagnosed with infective endocarditis and followed in our hospital between 2005 and 2018. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS V23. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test, T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test.

RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 53 (18-86), and 52.4% (n = 76) were male. In 34% (n = 37) of our patients, the predisposing factor for infective endocarditis was rheumatic valve disease. In-hospital mortality was 31.7%, and one-year mortality was 40.6%. A statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality was found between combination therapy (23%) and medical therapy (40.8%). Mitral valve involvement was the most common, occurring in 48.3% of patients. Staphylococci were the most frequently isolated microorganisms in blood cultures (41.4%). Heart failure was the most common complication and was associated with the highest mortality rate (23.4%). NYHA was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality.

CONCLUSION: In our study, surgical intervention, i.e. combination therapy, applied after two weeks of antibiotic treatment, was found to be more effective. Early combination therapy may be life-saving.

PMID:40458879 | DOI:10.1080/00015385.2025.2511519

Integr Cancer Ther. 2025 Jan-Dec;24:15347354251343004. doi: 10.1177/15347354251343004. Epub 2025 Jun 3.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cancer remains a significant public health problem in China, with new cases and cancer-related deaths increasing in recent years. This study examines the dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption patterns among Chinese patients with cancer, and explores factors influencing these lifestyle behaviors.

METHODS: Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional survey of 287 cancer patients from an oncology outpatient clinic in central China. Patients self-reported their current dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol use and recalled their habits prior to their cancer diagnosis. Responses were assessed using a Likert scale ranging from “never = 0” to “often = 3.” The survey specifically measured the frequency of consuming red meat, seafood, milk, tofu, spicy foods, and “balanced yin-yang foods,” as well as alcohol consumption and smoking. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and logistic regression.

RESULTS: Patients reported significant reductions in smoking and alcohol consumption post-diagnosis, with a 60% decrease compared to pre-diagnosis levels. Dietary changes included reduced intake of red meat, seafood, tofu, spicy foods, and milk, alongside increased adherence to a balanced yin-yang diet. Both Cultural/TCM beliefs and symptom-related factors significantly shape those lifestyle behaviors. The influence of TCM was particularly notable. Patients with strong TCM beliefs were associated with reduced alcohol consumption and decreased intake of seafood, tofu, and milk.

CONCLUSIONS: Following a cancer diagnosis, Chinese patients made significantnotable changes to their smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits; adopting healthier lifestyle behaviors. Oncology physicians and nurses should adhere to updated clinical guidelines on nutrition in cancer survivorship and integrate TCM principles to provide tailored lifestyle education and support.

PMID:40458872 | DOI:10.1177/15347354251343004

Head Neck. 2025 Jun 3. doi: 10.1002/hed.28200. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Evaluating the minimum distance (dTICA) between the internal carotid artery (ICA) and tonsillar tumors (TT) on imaging is essential for preoperative planning; we propose a tool to automatically extract dTICA.

METHODS: CT scans of 96 patients with TT were selected from the cancer imaging archive. nnU-Net, a deep learning framework, was implemented to automatically segment both the TT and ICA from these scans. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and average hausdorff distance (AHD) were used to evaluate the performance of the nnU-Net. Thereafter, an automated tool was built to calculate the magnitude of dTICA from these segmentations.

RESULTS: The average DSC and AHD were 0.67, 2.44 mm, and 0.83, 0.49 mm for the TT and ICA, respectively. The mean dTICA was 6.66 mm and statistically varied by tumor T stage (p = 0.00456).

CONCLUSION: The proposed pipeline can accurately and automatically capture dTICA, potentially assisting clinicians in preoperative evaluation.

PMID:40458868 | DOI:10.1002/hed.28200

Circulation. 2025 Jun 3. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.073614. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that exposures to air pollution and nonoptimal temperatures are associated with a higher risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but few studies examined the exposures jointly. Furthermore, moderate exposures were often overlooked. We evaluated short-term exposure to ambient ozone pollution and ambient temperature jointly and over the entire range of exposures, with the occurrence of AMI among adults aged 18 to 64 years (an understudied population) in the contiguous United States.

METHODS: We identified eligible individuals with incident AMI insured by a nationwide private insurance company from 2016 to 2020. We designed a time-stratified case-crossover study in which each patient’s ambient exposure to ozone and temperature on the day of their AMI was compared with their exposures on a nearby day. We used a 2-stage model to investigate the associations with joint exposures: (1) fitting climate- and region-specific models with statistical interaction terms between ozone and temperature, and (2) using a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis to pool the region-specific estimates.

RESULTS: We included 270 123 adults with incident AMI and observed a significant association between joint ozone-temperature exposures and increased AMI. Compared with the reference of ozone at 35 ppb and temperature at the first percentile, joint exposure to ozone at 60 ppb and temperature at the 95th percentile at lag 0 day was associated with a 33% (95% CI, 16%-51%) increase in incident AMI, and joint exposure to ozone at 50 ppb and temperature at the median was associated with a 15% (95% CI, 4%-28%) increase. There was heterogeneity by sex, with women showing increased odds when both ozone and temperature were high and men showing increased odds when either ozone or temperature was high.

CONCLUSIONS: Joint exposure to ozone pollution and high temperature increased the probability of AMI among younger adults, even when 1 of the exposures was moderate. This study highlights the importance of addressing exposures to ozone and nonoptimal temperature simultaneously in AMI prevention strategies.

PMID:40458867 | DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.073614

Diagn Interv Radiol. 2025 Jun 3. doi: 10.4274/dir.2025.253324. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigates the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions.

METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with focal liver lesions who underwent MRI and MRE between 2018 and 2022. Based on histopathologic analyses or follow-up imaging findings, 70 solid liver lesions were retrospectively evaluated as benign (n = 20) or malignant (n = 50).

RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the benign and malignant liver lesions in pre-contrast T1 relaxation times (P > 0.05). Malignant liver lesions had a significantly lower T2 value, contrast-enhancement ratio (CER), T1 relaxation time reduction (T1D), T1D percentage [T1D (%)], and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), along with a significantly higher stiffness value (P < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the following cut-off values were determined for differentiating malignant from benign lesions: a CER of 1.99 [area under the curve (AUC): 0.828, sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 73.2%], a T1D of 749.5 ms (AUC: 0.817, sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 78%), a T1D (%) reduction of 49.71% (AUC: 0.831, sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 73.2%), a T2 relaxation time of 74 ms (AUC: 0.705, sensitivity 65%, specificity 76.6%), an ADC of 1.275 × 10^-3 mm²/s (AUC: 0.861, sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 81.2%), and a stiffness of 3.77 kPa (AUC: 0.848, sensitivity 85%, specificity 75%).

CONCLUSION: Combined mpMRI, DWI, and MRE provide high diagnostic accuracy, with ADC and MRE offering superior performance in differentiating malignant from benign liver lesions.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This article highlights the accuracy of mpMRI, MRE, and DWI in distinguishing between malignant and benign liver lesions. These findings support the integration of mpMRI, DWI, and MRE into clinical practice for non-invasive liver lesion characterization.

PMID:40458855 | DOI:10.4274/dir.2025.253324

Can Rev Sociol. 2025 Jun 3. doi: 10.1111/cars.70006. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The mass expansion of higher education (HE) systems during the 20th century pushed social scientists to theorize how high participation systems continued to reproduce inequalities across socio-economic lines. One popular theory in sociology, dubbed effectively maintained inequality (EMI), suggests that families from the upper economic strata would maintain their competitive advantage by not only acquiring increasing amounts of education, but also gravitating toward the most prestigious tracks within HE. Despite the “flatter” status structure of Canada’s HE system vis-à-vis international counterparts, this is a theory that has received empirical support from several domestic studies. Through this study, we re-examine the EMI hypothesis using the 2005 Ontario University Applicant Survey (OUAS), a little-known and thus far unexamined dataset that offers notable advantages relative to those historically analyzed in the Canadian EMI literature, including representative coverage of applicants to Ontario universities, holistic coverage of academic and demographic controls, and the ability to analyze both within- and between-sector forms of status-seeking. Our statistical analyses suggest that applicants from privileged socio-economic backgrounds behave in ways consistent with EMI, gravitating towards more prestigious HE options. We conclude by sketching a path forward for social stratification research in Canadian HE.

PMID:40458852 | DOI:10.1111/cars.70006

Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2025 Jun 3;19:e137. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2025.10063.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Climate change is contributing to increased frequency and intensity of wildfires in California. This study evaluated the self-reported impacts of the California Oak Fire on the health of a medically at-risk population and identified their wildfire preparedness and information needs.

METHODS: A cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was conducted from April-July of 2023 of those with self-identified special needs in emergencies. The survey assessed self-reported wildfire preparedness, information needs, evacuation response, and health impacts.

RESULTS: A total of 53 surveys were completed for a response rate of 23.1%. Most respondents had medical conditions (94%). One-fifth (21%) of respondents reported missed or delayed medical appointments and harm to their health from the Oak Fire; these groups reported significantly more medical conditions (4.1 v. 2.5, P = 0.0055) and use of more medical devices (3.5 v 2, P = 0.007) than those without harm to their health. The most common way respondents learned about the Oak Fire was by seeing fire plumes/smelling smoke (59%); the most trusted information source was county officials (77%). Less than half of respondents (40%) evacuated during the Oak Fire.

CONCLUSIONS: Wildfires are associated with interruptions in medical care that harm health, particularly for medically at-risk populations.

Climate change is contributing to increased frequency and intensity of wildfires in California. This study evaluated the self-reported impacts of the California Oak Fire on the health of a medically at-risk population and identified their wildfire preparedness and information needs. A cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was conducted of those with self-identified special needs in emergencies. A total of 53 surveys were completed for a response rate of 23.1%. Most respondents had baseline medical conditions (94%). One-fifth (21%) of respondents reported missed or delayed medical appointments and harm to health from the Oak Fire; these groups reported significantly more medical conditions and use of more medical devices. The most common way respondents learned about the Oak Fire was by seeing fire plumes/smelling smoke (59%); the most trusted information source was county officials (77%). Wildfires are associated with interruptions in medical care that harm health, particularly for medically at-risk populations.

PMID:40458849 | DOI:10.1017/dmp.2025.10063