Tag: pubmed

Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2025 Jun 3;19:e136. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2025.10073.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The February 6, 2023 Türkiye earthquake caused widespread destruction and significantly affected public health priorities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the disaster on public interest in dermatological issues, using Google Trends.

METHODS: Two dermatologists selected 10 dermatological topics based on textbooks and Google Trends data availability. Search trends in Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, and Adıyaman were analyzed for 52 weeks before and after the earthquake. Topics with a significant interest change due to the earthquake in at least 2 of 3 provinces (“dermatology” and “scabies”) were analyzed across all 11 affected provinces.

RESULTS: Search interest in “dermatology” significantly decreased in Hatay (-27.5%, P = 4.16×10^-4), Kahramanmaraş (-25%, P = 0.009), and Malatya (-56.9%, P = 0.0005). Other conditions, including “acne,” “eczema,” “psoriasis,” “urticaria,” and “wart” exhibited varying trends, but none of these changes reached statistical significance. Searches for “scabies” showed a substantial and statistically significant increase in Hatay (+69%, P = 4.11×10^-10), Kahramanmaraş (+112%, P = 6.96×10^-8), Adıyaman (+144%, P = 0.0179), Gaziantep (+54.3%, P = 2.56×10^-9), Malatya (+91.8%, P = 0.00074), Diyarbakır (+50.5%, P = 2.43×10^-8), Adana (+20.7%, P = 4.99×10^-5), Şanlıurfa (+50.5%, P = 8.96×10^-8), Elazığ (+421%, P = 5.25×10^-4), and Osmaniye (+78.4%, P = 1.25×10^-4). Hatay, previously ranked 9th, became the top province post-earthquake, with most others, except Adana and Elazığ, also rising in rank.

CONCLUSIONS: The earthquake significantly impacted public interest in dermatology, especially scabies. Google Trends can help identify health concerns, guiding resource allocation and targeted interventions post-disaster.

PMID:40458839 | DOI:10.1017/dmp.2025.10073

BJS Open. 2025 May 7;9(3):zraf046. doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraf046.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Amputation is a treatment of last resort for peripheral arterial disease. This study examined associations between socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, above-knee amputation (AKA) and below-knee amputation (BKA) rates, and post-amputation survival in England.

METHODS: Hospital Episode Statistics data identified patients aged ≥25 years who underwent an AKA or BKA related to peripheral arterial disease in 2006-2018. Data on ethnicity, comorbidity and socioeconomic deprivation was recorded. An ecological study design, based on population-level data, analysed amputation rates (Poisson regression), and a cohort study design investigated mortality subsequent to amputation (Cox regression).

RESULTS: Within a population of 35.7 million people aged ≥25 years, 47 249 patients underwent peripheral arterial disease-related major amputation over 12 years (94.1% White, 1.9% Black, and 1.6% Asian ethnicity). AKA : BKA ratios were 1.03, 0.73, and 0.80 for White, Black, and Asian ethnicities respectively. Amputation rates increased with increasing socioeconomic deprivation. The amputation rate ratio for the most relative to the least deprived category varied with age, ranging from 4.94 (95% confidence interval 4.24 to 5.75) for age 45-54 years to 1.35 (1.21 to 1.49) for age ≥85 years for AKA, and from 3.88 (3.44 to 4.37) to 1.12 (0.97 to 1.29) for BKA. Post-amputation mortality hazard ratios also increased with increasing socioeconomic deprivation, ranging from 1.26 (1.04 to 1.53) for age 25-54 years to 1.11 (1.03 to 1.19) for age ≥75 years for AKA, and from 1.25 (1.08 to 1.46) to 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) for BKA. Over 12 years, amputation rates decreased in all socioeconomic categories in the population aged ≥65 years, but there was little change in the population aged 25-64 years. Black ethnicity was associated with lower adjusted AKA and BKA rate ratios relative to White ethnicity in those aged 25-64 years, and similar AKA but higher BKA rate ratios in those aged ≥65 years. Black ethnicity was also associated with lower post-amputation mortality, except in those aged 25-54 years within 90 days of BKA. Asian ethnicity was associated with lower AKA and BKA rate ratios relative to White ethnicity, but similar post-amputation mortality with some exceptions.

CONCLUSION: The main policy and practice implications relate to socioeconomic inequalities. Greater efforts are needed in disadvantaged areas to prevent and manage peripheral arterial disease and reduce amputation.

PMID:40458837 | DOI:10.1093/bjsopen/zraf046

Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2025 Jun 3;19:e135. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2025.10078.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: On February 6, 2023, seismic activity struck Kahramanmaraş, with earthquakes of magnitudes 7.7 and 7.6. The study aimed to determine the effect of the presence of PTSD and its scores on hygiene behaviors.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Adıyaman, Türkiye, between September and October 2023. The study population comprised individuals aged 18 and above who had experienced the earthquake. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) scale was used to evaluate PTSD, and the Hygiene Inventory was used to evaluate the participants’ hygiene behaviors.

RESULTS: Females, those with lower levels of education, the unemployed, singles, those living in tents, individuals who lost a loved one in the earthquake, and those with PTSD had worse hygiene behaviors compared to other groups. In the multivariate model of linear regression analysis of hygiene total score, only the PTSD score retained its predictive significance for hygiene behavior. More than 50% of the participants had scores meeting PTSD. The total PTSD score and the prevalence of PTSD among women was notably greater.

CONCLUSIONS: Mental health plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals’ hygiene practices and behavior patterns post-disaster. Swift implementation of mental health interventions is crucial for the prevention of behavioral pathologies.

PMID:40458832 | DOI:10.1017/dmp.2025.10078

Front Nutr. 2025 May 19;12:1599830. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1599830. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) reflects immune and nutritional status and has been widely used to assess various diseases. However, research on the PNI and mortality in patients with depression is limited.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the association between the PNI and both all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in adults with depression.

METHODS: This study analyzed the PNI levels in a cohort of 2,396 adults with depression. The analysis was conducted using data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted between 2005 and 2018. Mortality outcomes were determined through a comprehensive review of the National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Multivariable weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to investigate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and CVD mortality. Restricted cubic spline analyses were utilized to explore the potential nonlinear association between PNI levels and mortality.

RESULTS: The weighted mean PNI level was 41.89 (standard error 0.1), and the median follow-up duration was 84 months. There were 295 all-cause deaths and 73 CVD deaths during the follow-up period. Higher PNI levels were significantly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.73; p for trend < 0.001) and CVD mortality (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.96; p for trend = 0.038) compared with lower PNI levels. Each 1-unit increase in PNI was associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84-0.93; p < 0.001) and a 12% reduction in the risk of CVD mortality (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; p = 0.006). After multivariable adjustment, a linear association was observed (p for nonlinearity = 0.114 and 0.071 for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that no statistically significant interactions were observed in any of the subgroups, as the p-values were all above 0.05.

CONCLUSION: Higher PNI levels were associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality in adults with depression. These findings suggest that PNI may serve as a clinically useful indicator to predict the prognosis of patients with depression.

PMID:40458829 | PMC:PMC12127161 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1599830

Front Nutr. 2025 May 19;12:1551048. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1551048. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and inflammation are associated with poorer surgical outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. However, it is still debated which parameters should be used to assess nutritional and inflammatory status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of specific parameters in predicting postoperative outcomes in this specific subgroup of patients.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 391 adult patients. Malnutrition risk, was assessed by preoperative validated Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score ≥2, lymphocyte count <900 n/mm³, albumin value <3.5 g/dL or a combination of the previous two parameters, the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) < 45; inflammation was evaluated using preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) > 5, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) > 150 and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) < 5. Statistical analysis was carried out using Univariate and Multivariate Analysis and General Linear Models.

RESULTS: Patients with higher preoperative MUST score (p < 0.0001), lower albumin level (p = 0.0002) or lower PNI (p = 0.002) had a greater need for parenteral nutrition support and a longer hospital stay was reported in patients with higher MUST score (p < 0.0001), lower albumin (p < 0.0001), lower PNI (p = 0.0002), higher NLR (p = 0.005) or lower LMR (p = 0.027). Complications were more common in patients with a higher MUST score (p = 0.029), lower albumin (p = 0.008) or lower PNI (p = 0.006). A MUST score ≥ 1 or a PNI < 45 was associated with a two-fold risk of postoperative complications (p = 0.008; p = 0.001), whereas albumin levels <35 g/L were correlated with a Three-fold risk of postsurgical complications (p = 0.008). OS was also worse in patients with higher MUST score (p = 0.004), PNI (p = 0.031) or NLR (p = 0.0002), with a three-fold risk of not surviving at 1 year in patients with a MUST score ≥2 (p = 0.003) or NLR ≥ 5 (p = 0.0003). Using general linear models for repeated measures, a preoperative MUST score >1 or albumin levels < 35 mg/dL was associated with lower postoperative erythrocyte cells and hemoglobin levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed MUST score, PNI and NLR as independent prognostic factors for survival or postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION: The presence of preoperative malnutrition and/or inflammation is associated with worse postoperative outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Early nutritional assessment, including all the above parameters, may allow more tailored intervention to reduce the risk of adverse postoperative outcomes.

PMID:40458822 | PMC:PMC12127174 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1551048

Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 May 29;19:4517-4525. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S503714. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Emergence agitation(EA) is common in the early phase of recovery from general anesthesia in adults, which can potentially cause unpredictable harm to both patients and medical staff. This study aimed to examine the effects of preoperative magnesium sulphate infusion on emergence agitation and postoperative quality of recovery in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: 84 patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomly assigned to either the magnesium sulphate group (group M) or the control group (group C). Group M received a 50 mg/ kg intravenous bolus of magnesium sulphate 20 minutes before induction, whereas group C was administered an equivalent volume of saline. The Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) and the 40-item Quality of Recovery questionnaire (QoR-40) were used to evaluate emergence agitation and postoperative quality of recovery, respectively.

RESULTS: In comparison to group C, group M demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of EA (9.5% vs 42.9%; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04-0.47; P < 0.001) and dangerous agitation (0% vs 14.3%; OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.71-2.75; P =0.011), along with a reduction in the maximal SAS score (P < 0.05). Group M exhibited higher global QoR-40 scores than group C on postoperative day 1 (POD 1)(168.3±13.8 vs 155.6±16.5, P<0.001). Additionally, group M displayed lower Numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores both at rest and during coughing in PACU and on POD 1 (P < 0.001). There were no significant statistically differences between the two groups in terms of time to extubation, incidence of delayed recovery and residual sedation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Preoperative magnesium sulphate infusion effectively decreased the incidence and severity of EA in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy. Furthermore, it alleviated postoperative pain and improved postoperative quality of recovery, without an increase in adverse events.

PMID:40458810 | PMC:PMC12129083 | DOI:10.2147/DDDT.S503714

Front Pharmacol. 2025 May 19;16:1537679. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1537679. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shuxuening injection (SXNI) in the treatment of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

METHODS: This study included randomized controlled trials published before 1 June 2024 in eight databases. Patients with ICH were included, with the control group receiving conventional treatment (CT) and the treatment group receiving additional SXNI on this basis. The primary outcome was neurological impairment score. The secondary outcomes were overall efficacy, cerebral hematoma volume, cerebral edema volume, activities of daily living (ADL) score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit (HCT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), low cut whole blood viscosity, high cut whole blood viscosity and adverse events (AE). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2.0). For binary variables, risk ratios (RR) were calculated, while for continuous variables, mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated, based on 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: A total of 29 trials involving 3,012 participants were included. Compared with the control group, the treatment group demonstrated better performance in reducing neurological impairment score [SMD = -0.99, 95% CI -1.24, -0.73], improving overall efficacy [RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.14, 1.30] and ADL score [SMD = 2.01, 95%CI 1.55, 2.46], as well as decreasing the cerebral hematoma volume [MD = -6.98, 95% CI -8.76, -5.20] and cerebral edema volume [MD = -3.67, 95%CI -5.27, -2.06], with statistically significant differences observed. Meanwhile, the incidence of AE in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference [RR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.41, 0.96].

CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the combined use of SXNI and CT may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with cerebral hemorrhage compared to the use of CT alone. However, due to the moderate to very low certainty of evidence, it is advisable to conduct highquality clinical trials to validate the findings of this study.

PMID:40458793 | PMC:PMC12127381 | DOI:10.3389/fphar.2025.1537679

Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Jun 3;17(1):187. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01759-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health burden, often leading to microvascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. These complications may contribute to cognitive impairment and depression, further complicating disease management and adversely affecting quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and association between diabetic microvascular complications and cognitive impairment and depression among individuals with T2DM.

METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted through November 15, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies examining the association between microvascular complications and mental health outcomes were included. Study quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) scale. Meta-analyses were performed using standard statistical software, with pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.

RESULTS: Out of 5,640 articles screened, 7 studies met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.9% in patients with neuropathy, 55.29% with retinopathy, and 40.97% with nephropathy. Depression prevalence was 43.30% for neuropathy, 40.17% for retinopathy, and 18.92% for nephropathy. Associations with cognitive impairment showed ORs of 0.878 (95% CI, 0.298-2.585) for neuropathy, 1.358 (95% CI, 0.957-1.927) for retinopathy, and 1.421 (95% CI, 1.086-1.858) for nephropathy. For depression, ORs were 1.291 (95% CI, 0.613-2.721) for retinopathy and 6.200 (95% CI, 0.029-1305.771) for neuropathy.

CONCLUSION: Microvascular complications in T2DM contribute substantially to the burden of cognitive impairment and depression, with nephropathy showing a particularly strong link to cognitive decline. Standardized assessment approaches are needed, and integrated mental health care should be prioritized in the management of individuals with diabetes.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

PMID:40457490 | DOI:10.1186/s13098-025-01759-9

Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2025 Jun 3;11(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40748-025-00213-y.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Poor prenatal health is of particular concern among minoritized individuals who may experience adverse social determinants of health contributing to the intergenerational transmission of health disparities. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial resources, and mental and physical health among a prenatal sample, and to explore if these relationships vary by race.

METHODS: English-speaking pregnant individuals living in the United States were recruited using Centiment (n = 340). Participants completed a 121-item cross-sectional survey. We conducted a single- and multi-group structural equation model to test hypothesized relationships, and then investigated differences by pregnant White individuals versus Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC).

RESULTS: Our final single-group model exhibited good model fit (χ2 (43) = 99.07, p < .01, CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.04, and RMSEA = 0. 06 (0.05-0.08)). After controlling for demographic characteristics and social determinants of health, higher levels of mindfulness were statistically significantly related to lower anxiety and depression scores (both p < .01). Higher levels of social supports were statistically significantly related to lower anxiety scores. Scale measurement invariance was confirmed for the multi-group model and the structural model was statistically significantly different between pregnant White individuals and BIPOC in this sample (Δ χ2 (27) = 116.71, p < .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Identification of core components of psychosocial resource interventions, consideration of upstream structural determinants, mindfulness and valued-living (MVL)-based strategies, cultural adaptation, and an emphasis on resilience rather than psychopathology may result in improved prenatal health among pregnant individuals traditionally underrepresented in research.

PMID:40457470 | DOI:10.1186/s40748-025-00213-y

Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2025 Jun 2;23(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12958-025-01423-x.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Oocyte vitrification, a widely utilized assisted reproductive technology for fertility preservation, can address emergencies arising from the unavailability of sperm from the male partner on the day of oocyte retrieval. However, the infrequent and unpredictable nature of emergency oocyte cryopreservation leads to a scarcity of literature on its reproductive outcomes, complicating the provision of informed patient counseling.

METHODS: This study, conducted between January 2017 and December 2022, included 137 emergency oocyte cryopreservation cycles involving 136 patients and their respective thawed cycles. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze cycle characteristics and oocyte thaw and transfer outcomes, grouped by indication of oocyte vitrification. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors associated with reproductive outcomes by indication of oocyte vitrification.

RESULTS: A total of 137 emergency oocyte cryopreservation-thaw cycles were analyzed, with a median oocyte survival rate of 84.2%, fertilization rate of 57.7%, and high-quality Day-3 embryo formation rate of 33.3%. Of all cycles, 15.3% resulted in no transferable embryos. The cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) for the entire cohort was 29.2%, with 40 live births achieved through both fresh and frozen embryo transfers. Stratified analysis revealed that cycles due to absolute male factor infertility had higher reproductive efficiency, including more oocytes retrieved, a greater number of high-quality embryos, higher implantation rates, and a CLBR of 39.5%, compared to 11.8% in the relative male factor group. Multivariate analysis identified female age, infertility duration, sperm source, number of mature oocytes retrieved and the presence of male infertility factors as key determinants of live birth outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Emergency oocyte vitrification yielded a cumulative live birth rate of 29.2%, with rates differing by clinical indication: 39.5% in the absolute male factor group and 11.8% in the relative male factor group. Moreover, the factors associated with reduced live birth rates differed depending on the underlying indication for vitrification. These findings support the clinical utility of emergency oocyte vitrification and underscore the significant contributions of both female and male factors to reproductive outcomes of oocyte cryopreservation.

PMID:40457462 | DOI:10.1186/s12958-025-01423-x