Tag: pubmed

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 11;57(3):223-227. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200317-00195.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To observe the changes of four pulley locations of extraocular rectus muscles and rectus muscle volumes, as well as superior and inferior part ratio of horizontal rectus muscles, in concomitant exotropia with small-angle vertical deviation in primary gaze. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Data was collected from January 2018 to December 2019 in Tianjin Eye Hospital. The pulley position changes and volumes of four extraocular rectus muscles in the coronal position of patients who had concomitant exotropia without vertical deviation (group A) or with small-angle vertical deviation in primary gaze (<5 prism diopter; group B) and normal controls (group C) were observed using MRI, and the changes of the volume ratio of the superior and inferior parts of the horizontal rectus muscle were calculated. One way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 19 patients (38 eyes; 10 males, 9 females) aged (30±7) years in group A, ten patients (20 eyes; 4 males, 6 females) aged (27±6) years in group B, and 20 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) in group C. Age and gender distribution were matched among the three groups (all P>0.05). Among the three groups, the pulley locations of the four extraocular rectus muscles were not significantly different (all P>0.05). The medial rectus muscle volume in groups A [(358.6±44.9) mm³; t=6.405, P<0.01] and B [(334.7±35.6) mm³; t=6.025, P<0.01] was significantly smaller than group C [(437.5±49.3) mm³]. There was no statistically significant difference in the superior and inferior muscle volume ratio of the lateral rectus in three groups (all P>0.05), while the ratio in group B was more dispersive. Conclusions: The pulley location changes of four extraocular rectus muscles of patients with concomitant exotropia and small-angle vertical deviation in primary gaze are not significant, but the medial rectus volume in patients who had concomitant exotropia with vertical deviation or not is significantly smaller. The dispersive superior and inferior muscle volume ratio of the horizontal rectus muscles may be related to the small angle of vertical deviation in clinical examinations. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 223-227).

PMID:33721962 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200317-00195

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 16;101(10):737-743. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200622-01920.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of a novel laparoscopic W-H fundoplication in the treatment of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dependent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: The clinical data of PPI dependent GERD patients who underwent laparoscopic W-H fundoplication in PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from October 1st, 2018 to April 30th, 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The GERD symptom score, subjective symptom relief, PPI withdrawal, efficacy satisfaction and postoperative complications were followed up and analyzed by a questionnaire. Results: A total of 80 GERD patients were included in this study, and 49 were male and 31 were female, with a median age of 58 years. Among all patients, 85% (68/80) are with esophagitis and 77.5% (62/80) with hiatal hernia. The operation time was 67 (52, 73) minutes, without intraoperative complications and conversion to laparotomy. The postoperative follow-up period was 16 (14, 18) months. The postoperative GERD symptom scores were significantly lower than those before surgery, with an statistical difference (all P<0.05). The subjective remission degree of the overall digestive and respiratory symptoms were 100 (90, 100)% and 100 (80, 100)%, respectively. During the follow-up period, the PPI discontinuation rate was 83% (69/80), and the satisfactory rate was 93% (75/80). Postoperative complications included dysphagia, flatulence, increased exhaust and diarrhea, and the incidence was 61% (49/80), 8% (6/80), 5% (4/80) and 4% (3/80), respectively, and 16% (13/80) of the patients had prolonged occasional mild dysphagia. There was no death, symptomatic recurrence or reoperation. Conclusions: The novel W-H fundoplication has a good medium-term efficacy, with significant GERD symptom control rate and PPI discontinuation rate. The postoperative dysphagia is common, but it is self-limiting and does not affect the satisfaction of the surgical effect.

PMID:33721954 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200622-01920

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 11;57(3):201-206. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201102-00734.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the retinal vessel density in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with single-hemifield visual field (VF) defects and its relationship to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field indices. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Twenty-eight POAG patients with single-hemifield VF defects and 31 normal controls were recruited from October 2015 to October 2018 in the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examinations, including RNFL, retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and visual field tests, and the general information was collected. The peripapillary radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) and macular superifical retinal capillary plexus (SCP) were derived from optical coherence tomography angiography. The retinal vessel density, structural values, and VF values were compared among the corresponding hemifields of POAG and healthy eyes using the Rank Sum test. Results: There were 16 males and 12 females in POAG patients, with the age of (47±12) years; there were no significant differences in gender distribution, age, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, axial length and intraocular perfusion pressure between POAG patients and the normal controls (all P>0.05). Among POAG patients, there were 19 cases with upper and 9 cases with lower visual field defect. In the POAG eyes, the vascular density of peripapillary RPC and macular SCP were 45.86% (34.92%-52.78%) and 39.31% (32.55%-46.79%), respectively. In the normal eyes, the vascular density of peripapillary RPC and macular SCP were 56.90% (51.69%-60.84%) and 47.48% (37.95%-52.25%), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-6.56, -5.86; both P<0.01). The RNFL and GCC thicknesses in the POAG group were 84.4 (62.1-97.1), 76.4 (60.3-92.5) μ m, respectively, which were smaller than those in normal controls [110.6 (95.7-131.6), 98.1 (84.0-109.2) μm; Z=-6.57, -6.36; both P<0.01]. In the POAG eyes, the peripapillary RPC [44.12% (34.73%-53.20%) vs. 51.85% (38.64%-61.02%); Z=-4.62; P<0.01] and macular SCP [36.81% (29.73%-47.82%) vs. 41.78% (33.93%-49.22%); Z=-4.12; P<0.01] vessel densities were reduced in the abnormal hemisphere compared with the opposite hemisphere. Compared with the normal eyes, the normal hemisphere of the POAG eyes had lower peripapillary RPC and macular SCP vessel densities (Z=-5.08, -4.95; both P<0.01), a thinner RNFL and a thinner retinal GCC [93.0 (61.9-116.5) μm vs. 110.6 (95.7-131.6) μm, Z=-5.15; 86.3 (67.2-98.2) μm vs. 98.1 (84.0-109.2) μm, Z=-5.35; both P<0.01]. But the mean deviation and pattern standard deviation values of the VF were not significantly different between them (both P>0.05). Conclusions: The retinal vessel density reduce in eyes with POAG with single-hemifield VF defects. The normal hemisphere of POAG eyes have a reduced retinal microcirculation along with the thinning of the RNFL and GCC, suggesting that vascular dysfunction and structural changes preceded VF loss in POAG. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 201-206).

PMID:33721959 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201102-00734

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 11;57(3):207-214. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201020-00693.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its related factors in Wenzhou. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis. A total of 339 POAG patients diagnosed in the Wenzhou glaucoma progression study conducted in the Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University from March 2014 to October 2019 were included. Quality of life of POAG patients was assessed by EQ-5D including the visual analogue scale (VAS). The effects of gender, age, visual field loss (VFL), family history of glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes, migraine, sleep quality, and amateur exercise on the quality of life were analyzed. The utility value (UV) and VAS score were expressed as the median (P₂₅, P₇₅), and Mann-Whitney U was used for the comparison between two groups. Kruskal-Wallis H was performed to compare the differences among multiple groups. Results: A total of 339 POAG patients were included in the study; 164 were males (48.4%), and 175 were females (51.6%). The mean age was (63±10) years. Thirty-four patients (10.0%) had received medication (including one with combined surgical treatment), while the remaining 305 patients (90.0%) had received no anti-glaucoma treatment. Among the patients, 10.5% (32/305) had no VFL, 68.9% (210/305) had mild VFL, 17.0% (52/305) had moderate VFL, and 3.6% (11/305) had severe VFL. In all patients, the median of UV was 1.000 (1.000, 1.000), the mean of UV was 0.964, and the median of VAS score was 80 (75, 90), the mean of VAS score was 81.58. Anxiety or depression and pain or discomfort occurred in 45.7% (43/94) and 34.1% (32/94), respectively, of POAG patients with decreased UVs, as well as mobility constraints in 13.8 % (13/94) and usual activity constraints in 6.4% (6/94). The median of UV of the eye with a better visual field in the group without VFL or with mild or moderate VFL was 1.000 (1.000, 1.000), and in the group with severe VFL was 1.000 (0.862, 1.000), but there was no significant difference in the UV and the VAS score of the eye with a better visual field among groups with different degrees of VFL (both P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the UV among groups with different sleep qualities (H=17.465; P<0.01). Using pairwise comparison, the median of UV of the very good sleep group was 1.000 (1.000, 1.000), significantly different to the slightly poor sleep group 1.000 (0.866, 1.000) (z=3.613; P<0.05). The median of UV in patients with migraine was 1.000 (0.875, 1.000), without migraine 1.000 (1.000, 1.000), and in patients with hypertension was 1.000 (0.875, 1.000), without hypertension 1.000 (1.000, 1.000), and in patients with diabetes was 1.000 (0.875, 1.000), without diabetes was 1.000 (1.000, 1.000), the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.189, -3.864, -2.417; all P<0.05). The UV was not related to age, gender, family history of glaucoma, amateur exercise, alcohol and tobacco, and history of anti-glaucoma medication (all P>0.05). Conclusions: VFL is related to the UV of POAG patients in Wenzhou. Quality of life in mild POAG patients is good but decrease in advanced POAG patients. Sleep quality, systemic complications and physical or psychological discomfort impact on quality of life in POAG patients. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 207-214).

PMID:33721960 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201020-00693

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 12;44(3):213-217. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200721-00824.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To study the correlation between systemic inflammation level and emphysema degree and bone mineral density in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its possible mechanism. Methods: 90 patients with stable COPD who met the inclusion criteria and 50 controls in the physical examination center during the same period were recruited. All the enrolled objects have collected general clinical data, analyzed peripheral blood samples, measuring the Low-attenuation area of lung and CT value of lumbar 1 vertebra (L1-CT) by chest spiral CT. According to LAA%, COPD patients were divided into 36 cases of the non-emphysema group, 32cases of mild to moderate emphysema group, and 22 cases of severe emphysema group. The correlation between L1-CT value, LAA%, peripheral blood inflammatory factors, and pulmonary function indices in each group was analyzed and compared. Results: The HU value of L1-CT (107±32) in the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (153±30), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The higher the LAA% in COPD patients was, the lower the value of L1-CT was, and the difference between groups was statistically significant. Compared with COPD patients in the non-emphysema group, peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all increased in the emphysema group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). L1-CT was negatively correlated with LAA, PLR, NLR, and CRP while uncorrelated with serum concentration of calcium and phosphorus. Conclusion: The decrease in bone density in COPD patients is closely related to the degree of emphysema. It is associated with increased levels of systemic inflammation caused by COPD itself. Early and timely broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory treatment may have certain clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of comorbidity with osteoporosis.

PMID:33721934 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200721-00824

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 12;44(3):218-224. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200617-00715.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the distribution of blood eosinophils (EOS) in COPD patients in the community and outpatient clinics, and to study the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of COPD patients with high EOS counts. Methods: This study included 237 patients with stable COPD, of which the median age was 68 years and males accounted for 81.2%. There were 45 community patients from the China Pulmonary Health study conducted in 2012-2013 and another 192 outpatients who attended the Respiratory Department of Peking University Third Hospital from August 2013 to November 2014 or from September 2015 to May 2018. Taking 100 cells/μl as the cut-off value, it was divided into high EOS group (146 people, 61.6%) and low EOS group (91 people, 38.4%). We compared demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, acute exacerbation, lung function, inflammation, imaging and other indicators. Results: The median EOS count of community patients was 110.4 cells/μl, and that of outpatients was 110.0 cells/μl. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of blood EOS among community and outpatients. The median EOS count of the general population was 110.0 cells/μl, and the median percentage was 1.8%. EOS≥300 cells/μl accounted for 11.4%. In the high EOS group, the percentage of male gender was higher (85.6% vs 74.7%), the GOLD grade was more severe, and the percentage of neutrophils was lower (61.70% vs 64.70%) (P<0.05 for these three characteristics). After multivariate analysis, the high EOS group was closely related to older age (OR=1.035, 95%CI:1.004-1.067, P=0.029), heavier GOLD grade (P=0.015) and lower percentage of neutrophils (OR=0.956, 95%CI:0.923-0.991, P=0.015). Conclusion: The distribution of blood EOS of COPD patients between the community and the outpatient clinics is not significantly different. About 60% of COPD patients have blood EOS≥100 cells/μl, which is associated with advanced age, male, severe airflow limitation, and low neutrophils.

PMID:33721935 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200617-00715

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 12;44(3):225-229. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210108-00021.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the drug resistance of tuberculosis patients to clofazimine. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the case data of 1 770 tuberculosis patients in Department of tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2015 to June 2018, including 1 225 males and 545 females, aged 8-92 (43.2±15.2) years old. Drug sensitivity tests using proportion method (hereinafter referred to as drug susceptibility test) for TB strains anti-tb drug resistance test. Using χ² test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: 1 770 cases of tuberculosis patients, 1 713 cases of patients with clofazimine sensitive, of 57 patients with drug resistance, and resistant rate was 3.2% (57/1 770), including patients with recurrent clofazimine, significantly higher than the initial percentages of patients [5.8% (38/656), 1.7% (19/1 114), χ²= 22.129, P = 0.000, P<0.01]; The drug resistance rates of poly-resistant, multi-drug resistant and extensively resistant patients to clofazimine were 1.0% (17/1 770), 1.2% (21/1 770) and 1.1% (19/1 770), respectively. Has a history of hospitalization of clofazimine resistance of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant patients resistant rate 2.4% (14/594), 2.7% (16/594), respectively, higher than 0.6% (7/1 176) with no history of hospitalized patients, 0.3% (3/1 176), the differences were statistically significant (χ²=10.447,22.099,P=0.001,<0.001). Conclusion: Clofazimine has a low resistance rate, which can improve the treatment success rate of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis and has important value.

PMID:33721936 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210108-00021

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 12;44(3):237-242. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210108-00022.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of balloon dilatation performed for patients who suffered from actively caseating endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and central airway stenosis in clinical improving period who’s bronchus has not formed mature scar tissue. Methods: A total of 152 tuberculous unilateral main bronchus stenosis patients (23 male and 129 female) who received treatment in Hunan Chest Hospital from January 1^st 2014 to December 31^st 2018 were included in this retrospective analysis. The age was 15-66 (33.3±11.9) years old. All patients received routine anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Sixty-four of them who suffered from actively caseating EBTB and unilateral main bronchus stenosis received cryotherapy and endobronchial isoniazid (INH) administration till the caseating necrosis in stenotic bronchus was disappeared and ulcers were recovered, and then received balloon dilatation combined with cryotherapy, were test group. Eighty-eight of them who suffered from fibrostenotic EBTB received balloon dilatation combined with cryotherapy were control group. We analyzed the efficacy and complications after treatments. Results: The lung re-expansion rate after treatment in test group was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant [74.0%(37/50) vs. 37.9%(22/58), χ²=14.094, P<0.001]. The 6-month re-stenosis rate in test group was lower than control group, and the differences were statistically significant [10.9%(7/64) vs. 30.7% (27/88), χ²=8.318, P=0.004]. The differences of diameter and diameter variation after balloon dilatation, immediate effective rates, average times of balloon dilatation and procedure-related bleeding (<10 ml) rates, chest pain rates had no statistical signification in two groups. Severe complications including fatal bleeding (>100 ml) and mediastinal emphysema did not occur during our procedures. Conclusions: Performing balloon dilatation for patients who suffered from actively caseating EBTB and central airway stenosis in the clinical improvement period, when caseous necrosis tissue disappeared and ulcers were recovered, not only helps to perform interventional procedures on distal bronchus in time, increase the rate of lung re-expansion, can also reduce the rate of re-stenosis after 6 months, so it is effective and safe.

PMID:33721938 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210108-00022

Nanotechnology. 2021 Mar 15. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/abeeb2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Point defects may significantly influence the electrical and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional tungsten diselenide (WSe2), while precise information about point defects distribution (e.g., species and concentration) in monolayer (ML-) WSe2 are hard to obtain. In this letter, we tried to partly fill this knowledge gap via performing quantitative and statistical analysis of intrinsic point defects in WSe2 monolayers prepared by three so-called main-stream approaches i.e., mechanical exfoliation (ME), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), which are promising for providing high-quality samples. Via a conjunction of statistic atomic-resolution annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) imaging, software-based automated defect identification and counting, together with image simulations, defect species and concentrations were quantitatively determined. Seven types of intrinsic point defects were identified in ML-WSe2 and the most dominant one is selenium mono-vacancy (VSe) (corresponding to one Se atom missing), irrespective of the synthetic route and growth conditions. Exact contents and diversity of point defects depend on the specific preparation method: CVD grown ML-WSe2 is the most defective (for example, the density of VSe reaches 1.40% in atomic ratio), followed by ME (~ 0.79 at% for VSe) and MBE grown samples (~ 0.42 at% for VSe). Our results, though still with limited sampling, provide preliminary quantitative information of point defects in ML-WSe2, which can serve as a reference to achieve the precisely controlled large-scale sample growth and establish the structure-property relationship of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) materials.

PMID:33721843 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6528/abeeb2

J Radiol Prot. 2021 Mar 15. doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/abee96. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The effect of external radiation on lymphoma, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and multiple myeloma (MM) incidence was evaluated in the National Registry for Radiation Workers (NRRW) based upon the 3rd analysis cohort but with an additional 10 years of follow-up. The study includes 172,452 workers, of whom (90%) were men with 3.6 million person-years of follow-up from 1950 through to the end of 2011. A total of 711 cases of NHL, 113 cases of HL and 279 cases of MM were registered. Poisson regression was used to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) per unit of cumulative exposure to ionising radiation. A statistically significant association was found between radiation dose and the incidence of NHL and MM. There was no evidence of radiation associated excess risk for HL. The reported associations are based on a very small proportion of exposed workers, in particular among workers with cumulative doses above 0.5 Sv so should be treated with caution, further investigations are necessary to confirm our results.

PMID:33721859 | DOI:10.1088/1361-6498/abee96