Tag: pubmed

Infection. 2021 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01659-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laboratory parameters and the associated clinical outcomes have been an area of focus in COVID-19 research globally.

PURPOSE: We performed a scoping review to synthesize laboratory values described in the literature and their associations with mortality and disease severity.

METHODS: We identified all primary studies involving laboratory values with clinical outcomes as a primary endpoint by performing data searches in various systematic review databases until 10th August, 2020. Two reviewers independently reviewed all abstracts (13,568 articles) and full text (1126 articles) data. A total of 529 studies involving 165,020 patients from 28 different countries were included. Investigation of the number of studies and patients from a geographical perspective showed that the majority of published literature from January-March 2020 to April-June 2020 was from Asia, though there was a temporal shift in published studies to Europe and the Americas. For each laboratory value, the proportion of studies that noted a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality, disease severity) was tabulated.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among frequently reported laboratory values, blood urea nitrogen was the most often reported predictor of mortality (91%); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was the most frequent statistically significant laboratory parameter in predicting disease severity (96%). This review highlights the temporal progression of laboratory value frequencies, as well as potentially distinct utilities of different markers for clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Future research pathways include using this collected data for focused quantitative meta-analyses of particular laboratory values correlated with clinical outcomes of mortality and disease severity.

PMID:34247320 | DOI:10.1007/s15010-021-01659-w

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2021 Jul 11. doi: 10.1007/s11904-021-00567-w. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide the current state of the development and application of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction tools in people living with HIV (PLWH).

RECENT FINDINGS: Several risk prediction models developed on the general population are available to predict CVD risk, the most notable being the US-based pooled cohort equations (PCE), the Framingham risk functions, and the Europe-based SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation). In validation studies in cohorts of PLWH, these models generally underestimate CVD risk, especially in individuals who are younger, women, Black race, or predicted to be at low/intermediate risk. An HIV-specific CVD prediction model, the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) model, is available, but its performance is modest, especially in US-based cohorts. Enhancing CVD prediction with novel biomarkers of inflammation or coronary artery calcification is of interest but has not yet been evaluated in PLWH. Finally, studies on CVD risk prediction are lacking in diverse PLWH globally. While available risk models for CVD prediction in PLWH remain suboptimal, clinicians should remain vigilant of higher CVD risk in this population and should use any of these risk scores for risk stratification to guide preventive interventions. Focus on established traditional risk factors such as smoking remains critical in PLWH. Risk prediction functions tailored to PLWH in diverse settings will enhance clinicians’ ability to deliver optimal preventive care.

PMID:34247329 | DOI:10.1007/s11904-021-00567-w

Neurol Sci. 2021 Jul 11. doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05431-8. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to find out whether including robotic therapy in addition to a conventional rehabilitation program affects the quality of life, motor function, cognition, and emotional status of hemiplegic patients.

DESIGN: Thirty-seven stroke patients recruited between April 2016 and April 2019 were included in the study. The patients were randomized into 2 groups (Robotic rehabilitation group-RR n:17, Control group n:20), RR was arranged to be 30-45 min, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. All patients were assessed at the beginning of therapy and the end of 4th week with Brunnstrom stages of motor recovery, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), handgrip strength, Purdue peg test, Minnesota manual dexterity test, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL), Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES- D).

RESULTS: Improvements in motor function scores, spasticity, general functioning, activities of daily living, cognitive assessment were better in the robotic group when compared to the control group but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Improvement in the CES-D in the RR-group was better in comparison to the control group (p = 0.018).

CONCLUSION: Improvements in motor functions were observed after the treatment in both groups. Although RR group improved better in numbers, none of the outcomes except the CES-D scale were significant. Robotic rehabilitation provides a favorable alternative bringing slight benefits, and also is advantageous in terms of work power and psychological recovery, making its addition to conventional neurological rehabilitation effective and useful in patient management after stroke.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04393480.

PMID:34247295 | DOI:10.1007/s10072-021-05431-8

Support Care Cancer. 2021 Jul 11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06406-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Cancer patients have been shown to frequently suffer from financial burden before, during, and after treatment. However, the financial toxicity of patients with sarcoma has seldom been assessed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether financial toxicity is a problem for sarcoma patients in Germany and identify associated risk factors.

METHODS: Patients for this analysis were obtained from a multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in Germany. Using the financial difficulties scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30, financial toxicity was considered to be present if the score exceeded a pre-defined threshold for clinical importance. Comparisons to an age- and sex-matched norm population were performed. A multivariate logistic regression using stepwise backward selection was used to identify factors associated with financial toxicity.

RESULTS: We included 1103 sarcoma patients treated in 39 centers and clinics; 498 (44.7%) patients reported financial toxicity. Sarcoma patients had 2.5 times the odds of reporting financial difficulties compared to an age- and sex-matched norm population. Patient age < 40 and > 52.5 years, higher education status, higher income, and disease progression (compared to patients with complete remission) were associated with lower odds of reporting financial toxicity. Receiving a disability pension, being currently on sick leave, and having a disability pass were statistically significantly associated with higher odds of reporting financial toxicity.

CONCLUSION: Financial toxicity is present in about half of German sarcoma patients, making it a relevant quality of life topic for patients and decision-makers.

PMID:34247310 | DOI:10.1007/s00520-021-06406-3

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Jul 10:keab535. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab535. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of long-term weight change with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in a large prospective cohort study.

METHODS: The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) II started in 1989 (baseline); after exclusions, we studied 108,505 women 25-42 years old without RA. Incident RA was reported by participant and confirmed by medical record review. Body weight was reported biennially through 2015. We investigated two time-varying exposures: weight changes from baseline and from age 18; change was divided into 5 categories. We used a marginal structural model (MSM) approach to account for time-varying weight change and covariates.

RESULTS: Over 2,583,266 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 25.3 years, 541 women developed RA. Compared to women with stable weight from baseline, weight change was significantly associated with increased RA risk [weight gain 2-<10 kg: RR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.38, 2.85); 10-<20 kg: RR = 3.28 (95% CI 2.20, 4.89); ≥20 kg: RR = 3.81 (95% CI 2.39, 6.07); and weight loss >2 kg: RR = 2.05 (95% CI 1.28, 3.28)]. Weight gain of 10 kg or more from age 18 compared with stable weight was also associated with increased RA risk [10-< 20 kg: RR = 2.12 (95% CI 1.37, 3.27), ≥20 kg: RR = 2.31 (95% CI 1.50, 3.56)]. Consistent findings were observed for seropositive and seronegative RA.

CONCLUSION: Long-term weight gain was strongly associated with increased RA risk in women, with weight gain of ≥ 20 kg associated with more than a three-fold increased RA risk. Maintenance of healthy weight may be a strategy to prevent or delay RA.

PMID:34247242 | DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keab535

Skeletal Radiol. 2021 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s00256-021-03788-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the combination of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and vertebroplasty versus single vertebroplasty in treating spinal metastases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of 35 patients with vertebral neoplastic lesions who received RFA combined with vertebroplasty (group A, 15 patients with 17 lesions) or single vertebroplasty (group B, 20 patients with 24 lesions) from March 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively compared. The data of patients’ Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores prior to the treatments, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the treatments, injected cement volume, ratios of cement leakage were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: All procedures were successfully done without severe complications. The VAS scores in group A were decreased more rapidly 1 week after the treatments and remained more stable at 6 months than that in group B (P < 0.05). The cement injected in group A (5.95 ± 1.45 mL, range 4-9.5 mL) was significantly more than that in group B (4.09 ± 0.55 mL, range 3.1-5.5 mL) (P < 0.05). The ratio of vascular cement leakage in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P < 0.05), while no statistical difference was found in the non-vascular cement leakage (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the combination of RFA and vertebroplasty has a better analgesic effect with more injected cement and lower rates of venous cement leakage than single vertebroplasty.

PMID:34247255 | DOI:10.1007/s00256-021-03788-7

Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Jul 10:keab534. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab534. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Medication adherence is critical in the successful management of lupus. There is very limited existing literature on reasons why non-adherence is not reported. This study explores the impact of current and previous medical experiences on patient satisfaction, adherence and reporting of non-adherence.

METHODS: Mixed methodology involved thematic analysis of in-depth interviews (N = 23) to further explore the statistically analysed quantitative survey findings (N = 186).

RESULTS: This study identified five themes: 1) physician-patient discordance and a ‘hierarchy of evidence’ in medication decisions, 2) the association of adherence with satisfaction with care, 3) the persisting impact of past Adverse Medical Experiences (AMEs), 4) the dynamic balance of patient-physician control, and 5) holistic care – beyond a purely medication- based focus. Improving quality of life (43% of participants) and a supportive medical relationship (24%) were the main reasons for adherence. Patient-priorities and self-reported symptoms were perceived as less important to physicians than organ-protection and blood results. Non-reporters of non-adherence, non-adherers and those with past AMEs (e.g. psychosomatic misdiagnoses) had statistically significant lower satisfaction with care. The importance of listening to patients was a key component of every theme, and associated with patient satisfaction and adherence. The mean rating for rheumatologist’s listening skills was 2.88 for non-adherers compared to 3.53 for other participants (mean difference 0.65, P = 0.003).

CONCLUSION: Patients would like more weight and discussion given to self-reported symptoms and quality of life in medication decisions. Greater understanding and interventions are required to alleviate the persisting impact of past AMEs on some patients’ wellbeing, behaviour and current medical relationships.

PMID:34247235 | DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/keab534

Clin Ter. 2021 Jul 5;172(4):347-357. doi: 10.7417/CT.2021.2339.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of pachymetric indexes obtained with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) for early detection of keratoconus (Kc).

METHODS: 64 patients with Kc in at least one eye (95 eyes, 46 men and 18 women, average age 27.84 ±13.50), 59 healthy control subjects (100 eyes, 28 men and 31 women, average age 27.15 ±16.14). All patients underwent detailed clinical examination, topography and anterior segment OCT. 37 subjects (37 eyes, 27 men and 10 women, average age 24.23 ± 14.24) having one eye with manifest Kc and the fellow eye without clinical signs of Kc were identified. We studied two groups of pachymetric indexes: C1-C2, M1-M2, pCLMI, Pmin-P2 (Group 1 indexes) and PPD, PSD, PSSD and PASD (Group 2 indexes). A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve was developed to compare the diagnostic accuracy, relative sensitivity and specificity for each index.

RESULTS: In manifest keratoconus, C1-C2, M1-M2, and pCLMI are significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.0001); for suspect keratoconus, all Group 1 indexes are significantly higher compared to healthy subjects (P<0.0001) excluding M1-M2 obtained using a constant area circle (P = 0.02). Furthermore, for manifest and suspect keratoconus, PPD, PSD, PSSD and PASD are significantly higher compared to the control group (P <0.0001).

CONCLUSION: The studied pachymetric indexes in patients with Kc have high diagnostic accuracy and are statistically significant when compared with healthy subjects (p<0.0001) and can provide a useful tool for keratoconus screening.

PMID:34247218 | DOI:10.7417/CT.2021.2339

Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021 Jul 10;28(7):791-798. doi: 10.1177/2047487319867783.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Previous prospective studies of the association between mortality and physical activity have generally not fully accounted for the interplay between movement behaviours. A compositional data modelling approach accounts for relative scale and co-dependency in time-use data across physical activity behaviours of the 24-hour day.

METHODS: A prospective analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 on N = 1468 adults (d = 135 deaths) in ages 50-79 years was undertaken using compositional Cox regression analysis. Daily time spent in sedentary behaviour, light intensity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was determined from waist-mounted accelerometer data (Actigraph 7164) and supplemented with self-reported sleep data to determine the daily time-use composition.

RESULTS: The composition of time spent in sedentary behaviour, LIPA, MVPA and sleep was associated with mortality rate after allowing for age and sex effects (p < 0.001), and remained significant when other lifestyle factors were added (p < 0.001). This was driven primarily by the preponderance of MVPA; however, significant changes are attributable to LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep, and sedentary behaviour relative to sleep. The final ratio ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating lifestyle factors. The preponderance of MVPA ceased to be statistically significant after incorporating health at outset and physical limitations on movement.

CONCLUSIONS: An association is inferred between survival rate and the physical activity composition of the day. The MVPA time share is important, but time spent in LIPA relative to sedentary behaviour and sleep is also a significant factor. Increased preponderance of MVPA may have detrimental associations at higher levels of MVPA.

PMID:34247228 | DOI:10.1177/2047487319867783

Eur Neurol. 2021 Jul 9:1-6. doi: 10.1159/000516320. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression. This study sought to establish the probability of migraine progression by comparing data from week 0 with week 12 of quarantine.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study. Three hundred ten patients were included, 238 with episodic migraine and 33 with chronic migraine; they all completed a self-administered questionnaire with demographic, clinical, and psychiatric symptom information. A multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with the progression of migraine.

RESULTS: This study demonstrated a 22.5% progression probability from episodic migraine to chronic migraine with an RR 2.7 and CI (1.92-3.95, p < 0.001). The increase in depression scores (p < 0.005), anxiety (p < 0.001), and alteration in sleep quality (p < 0.003) were associated with the worsening of migraine.

CONCLUSION: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, depression, anxiety, and the deterioration of sleep quality influenced the probability of progression from episodic migraine to chronic migraine.

PMID:34247177 | DOI:10.1159/000516320