Tag: pubmed

J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021 Jun 21:S1010-5182(21)00160-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.06.008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To evaluate and compare the outcomes of two different surgical protocols for palatoplasty for midfacial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate. A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in 80 patients with cleft lip and palate, who were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised patients who underwent operation between 9 and 11 months of age using the Bardach two-flap technique without a palatal pushback. Group 2 comprised patients who had undergone operation between 18 and 20 months of age using either a Bardach two-flap technique with a palatal pushback or a von Langenbeck technique. Patient follow-up was done between 8 and 9 years of age when they reported to the centre for secondary alveolar bone grafting. Post-surgical cephalometric measurements were taken for midfacial growth analysis. Group 1 underwent palatoplasty at significantly younger ages than Group 2 (p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference(p < 0.01) was found between the two groups of patients on comparison of cephalometric parameters such as SNA, ANB, CoA, NperpA ANS-PNS, N-ANS, N-Me, Witt’s (AO-BO). Group 2 had more positive cephalometric values as compared to Group 1, thereby implying that there was less incidence of midfacial hypoplasia in patients treated at the age of 18-20 months. Between the types of palatoplasty techniques within Group 2, i.e., Bardach two-flap and von Langenbeck, there was no statistical difference found in the post-opertative cephalometric values, i.e., SNA, ANB, CoA, ANS-PNS, N-ANS, N-Me, Witt’s (AO-BO) except for Nperp-A, which showed a statistical difference (p = 0.03). Within the limitations of the study which is only a single center experience it seems that palatal closure should be carried out at 18-20 months of age for better midfacial growth, leading to decreased incidence of maxillary hypoplasia at a later stage in life. Repair at less than 18 months of age is also associated with mid-facial hypoplasia.

PMID:34238633 | DOI:10.1016/j.jcms.2021.06.008

J Arthroplasty. 2021 Jun 11:S0883-5403(21)00545-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.06.005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with a higher complication rate and a greater cost when compared to primary TKA. Based on patient choice, referral, or patient transfers, revision TKAs are often performed in different institutions by different surgeons than the primary TKA. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of hospital size, teaching status, and revision indication on the migration patterns of failed primary TKA in patients 65 years of age and older.

METHODS: All primary and revision TKAs reported to the American Joint Replacement Registry from January 2012 through March 2020 were included and merged with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services database. Migration was defined as a patient having a primary TKA and revision TKA performed at separate institutions by different surgeons.

RESULTS: In total, 9167 linked primary and revision TKAs were included in the analysis. Overall migration rates were significantly higher from small (<100 beds; P = .019), non-teaching institutions (P = .002) driven primarily by patients diagnosed with infection. Infection patients had significantly higher migration rates from small (46.8%, P < .001), non-teaching (43.5%, P < .001) institutions, while migration rates for other causes of revision were statistically similar. Most patients migrated to medium or large institutions (84.7%) for revision TKA rather than small institutions (15.3%, P < .001) and to teaching (78.3%) rather than non-teaching institutions (21.7%, P < .001).

CONCLUSION: There is a diagnosis-dependent referral bias that affects the migration rates of infected primary TKA from small non-teaching institutions leading to a flow of more medically complex patients to medium and large teaching institutions for infected revision TKA.

PMID:34238622 | DOI:10.1016/j.arth.2021.06.005

Am J Prev Med. 2021 Jul 5:S0749-3797(21)00264-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Childhood declines in cardiovascular health have been linked to the development of subclinical atherosclerosis; however, less is known about the timing and sequence of the decline of the specific cardiovascular health components. The study objective is to identify the patterns of decline and associations with adulthood subclinical atherosclerosis.

METHODS: Data were pooled from 5 cardiovascular cohorts. Clinical components of cardiovascular health (BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose) were categorized as ideal or nonideal using American Heart Association definitions. Multitrajectory models simultaneously fitted the probability ideal for each factor. Adjusted associations between trajectory groups and carotid intima-media thickness were modeled. Data were pooled from December 1, 2015 to June 1, 2019; statistical analysis occurred between June 1, 2019 and June 1, 2020.

RESULTS: This study included 9,388 individuals (55% female, 66% White). A total of 5 distinct trajectory groups were created: 1 maintained the ideal levels of all the 4 health factors, 2 had risk onset of a single factor in childhood, 1 had risk onset of multiple factors in childhood, and 1 had risk onset in adulthood. Those with childhood multiple risk onset had 8.1% higher carotid intima-media thickness (95% CI=0.067, 0.095) than those in the ideal group, childhood cholesterol risk onset had 5.9% higher carotid intima-media thickness (95% CI=0.045, 0.072), childhood BMI risk onset had 5.5% higher carotid intima-media thickness (95% CI=0.041, 0.069), and early adulthood multiple risk onset had 2.7% higher carotid intima-media thickness (95% CI=0.013, 0.041).

CONCLUSIONS: Those who lost the ideal status of cardiovascular health in childhood and early adulthood had more subclinical atherosclerosis than those who retained the ideal cardiovascular health across the life course, underscoring the importance of preserving the ideal cardiovascular health beginning in childhood and continued into adulthood.

PMID:34238623 | DOI:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.010

Int Dent J. 2021 Jul 5:S0020-6539(21)00099-X. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.05.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Some older people stop visiting the dentist when they get older. This study aims to identify the characteristics and oral health status of older people who do visit community dental practices.

METHODS: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, the oral health of Dutch community-dwelling older people was assessed. A random sample of general dental practitioners and older people who visit the dental practice was drawn. The dentists were asked to prospectively select one older patient and describe this patient using a specially developed registration form; the patient was requested to complete a questionnaire. Data were described for 3 distinct groups of older people. Statistical measures for distribution and dispersion were used to describe the oral health of community-dwelling older patients in relation to the age.

RESULTS: A total of 373 (40.4%) dentist registration forms and 372 (40.3%) patient questionnaires were returned. Data were available for 364 (39.4%) dentist-patient couples. Amongst the patients, 52.8% were female and most had a high socioeconomic status. About 65.7% had one or more problems related to general health, and 75.2% used medication. Regarding the overall oral health status, the average number of teeth was 20, 3.5% were edentulous. Oral health problems were more common in the older patient group (aged 75+), in whom frailty was also most common.

CONCLUSIONS: Older people who visit community dental practices are still relatively healthy, non-frail, and highly educated. Even in this group, there is a turning point in both general and oral health from the age of 75.

PMID:34238570 | DOI:10.1016/j.identj.2021.05.003

Dent Mater. 2021 Jul 5:S0109-5641(21)00190-1. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.06.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Healing of soft tissues and improvement of aesthetics have become major research objectives in implantology and renewed the interest for ceramics implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pre-clinical performance of screw-shaped sandblasted-etched implants processed from an innovative zirconia-based ceramic composite, in comparison to titanium.

METHODS: Twenty-four ceramic and twenty-four titanium screw-shaped sandblasted-etched dental implants were tested in a split-mouth design in six Beagle dogs. Surface topographies were investigated by confocal microscopy. Local tissue effects were evaluated at 4 and 13 weeks after implantation through histology. An ANOVA statistical analysis (5% risk; p < 0.05) was performed to compare peri-implant quantitative histomorphometric parameters on buccal and lingual sides, including Bone to Implant Contact (BIC) among test groups and time-periods.

RESULTS: Titanium and ceramic implants presented respectively moderate and minimal roughness. After 4 and 13 weeks, ceramic implants showed an inflammatory tissue response close to titanium implants. At both period of time there was no significant difference between the titanium and ceramic groups in terms of BIC values (mean ± SD) at the lingual or buccal sides or when combining buccal + lingual BIC values (respectively for titanium and ceramic, 68.4 ± 14.7 % and 75.0 ± 13.5 % at 4 weeks, and 92.0 ± 8.6 % and 86.1 ± 13.8 % at 13 weeks).

SIGNIFICANCE: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that newly developed zirconia-based ceramic composite dental implants have similar biocompatibility and osseointegration to those observed in titanium implants. These pre-clinical results corroborate the potential for the use of these new zirconia-based ceramics in oral implantology.

PMID:34238605 | DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2021.06.010

Handb Clin Neurol. 2021;181:41-49. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820683-6.00004-X.

ABSTRACT

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) results from the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm and represents a highly debilitating and devastating disorder. The prevalence rate of neuroendocrine impairment in the acute phase is extremely variable, ranging from 3.8% to 92.3%, depending on the time point considered, the method/test utilized, the clinical severity at admission, and probably also ethnicity. Further studies are needed to clarify such a wide range in neuroendocrine dysfunction in patients with aSAH. The overall neuroendocrine impairment rate in chronic aSAH is in the range 47%-83.3% with specific neuroendocrine impairment varying from 2.5% to 83.3%. The overall pituitary deficiency rate tends to decrease over time after SAH, with recovery of most endocrine and some de novo dysfunctions being reported. Only one study has reported an increase of overall endocrine impairment in the chronic follow-up. Neuroendocrine dysfunction seems to have a high prevalence in aSAH patients, even though its exact impact is not precisely known and is based on contrasting findings. More high-quality studies and trials are necessary before informing guidelines and protocols recommending preventive endocrine screening and related treatment (hormone replacement therapy) on a routine basis. The usage of standardized testing and reporting procedures could significantly move the field forward.

PMID:34238475 | DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-820683-6.00004-X

Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2021 Jul-Aug;36(6):433-439. doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.03.003. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pain is highly prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); it is chronic in 50% of cases and is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed-type. Pain affects quality of life, sleep, and the activities of daily living. Electrotherapy is an interesting alternative or complementary treatment in the management of pain in MS, with new innovations constantly appearing.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment with monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) for pain associated with MS. We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 24 patients, who were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.

RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were observed in maximum and mean pain scores, as well as in the impact of pain on work, personal relationships, and sleep and rest. Not significant differences were found between the treatment and placebo groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with PEMF may be effective in reducing pain in patients with MS, although further research is necessary to confirm its effectiveness over placebo and to differentiate which type of pain may be more susceptible to this treatment.

PMID:34238526 | DOI:10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.03.003

J Prosthet Dent. 2021 Jul 5:S0022-3913(21)00266-3. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.027. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Information regarding the rotational freedom of internal connection implants is sparse.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the rotational freedom of different internal conical and internal nonconical connections.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty implants, 30 straight manufactured standard abutments, and 30 standard abutment screws were obtained for each of the 5 implant systems tested. Three implant systems had indexed internal conical connections with different antirotational geometries: hexagon (Naturall+), cam-groove (ID CAM M), and octagon (Bone Level). Two implant systems had internal nonconical connections with hexagonal antirotational geometry (Tapered Screw-Vent and Seven). The implants were mounted in a steel plate, and a metal reference arm was attached to the abutment. Before tightening the standard abutment screw, a modified torque wrench was used to rotate the abutment clockwise until reaching the clockwise rotational endpoint. This modified torque wrench was connected to the abutment’s outer surface. It allowed free access to the standard abutment screw for a second torque wrench, specific to each implant system. The modified torque wrench applied a controlled torque of 5 Ncm, which held the abutment at the clockwise rotational endpoint. The standard abutment screw was then tightened to the manufacturer’s specified torque value with the second torque wrench. Angle value corresponding to the clockwise endpoint was measured microscopically between a fixed reference point on the steel plate and the reference arm. The abutment was then unscrewed and removed. The same procedure was carried out to rotate the abutment counterclockwise and measure the angle value corresponding to the counterclockwise rotational endpoint. The rotational freedom was finally determined from the differences in the angles between the clockwise and counterclockwise rotational endpoints. Rotational freedom angle values were summarized as descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations). The normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) was applied, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to isolate the implant system differences from each other (α=.05).

RESULTS: The lowest mean rotational freedom angles were obtained for Bone Level (conical connection, 0.17 degrees) and Tapered Screw-Vent (nonconical connection, 0.05 degrees). These systems were followed in increasing order by ID CAM M (conical connection, 0.50 degrees), Seven (nonconical connection, 1.98 degrees), and Naturall+ (conical connection, 2.49 degrees). Compared with each other, all implant systems had significant statistical differences in rotational freedom angles (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found among the 5 implant systems. The lowest mean rotational freedom angles were obtained both with a conical connection (Bone Level) and a nonconical connection (Tapered Screw-Vent).

PMID:34238536 | DOI:10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.027

J Laryngol Otol. 2021 Jul 9:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S0022215121001596. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyse if there were any associations between patulous Eustachian tube occurrence and climatic factors and seasonality.

METHODS: The correlation between the monthly average number of patients diagnosed with patulous Eustachian tube and climatic factors in Seoul, Korea, from January 2010 to December 2016, was statistically analysed using national data sets.

RESULTS: The relative risk for patulous Eustachian tube occurrence according to season was significantly higher in summer and autumn, and lower in winter than in spring (relative risk (95 per cent confidence interval): 1.334 (1.267-1.404), 1.219 (1.157-1.285) and 0.889 (0.840-0.941) for summer, autumn and winter, respectively). Temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity had a moderate positive (r = 0.648), negative (r = -0.601) and positive (r = 0.492) correlation with the number of patulous Eustachian tube cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The number of patulous Eustachian tube cases was highest in summer and increased in proportion to changes in temperature and humidity, which could be due to physiological changes caused by climatic factors or diet trends.

PMID:34238392 | DOI:10.1017/S0022215121001596

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2021 Jun 30;43(3):395-401. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.13752.

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the application value of abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment(aCGA)in elderly female breast cancer patients. Methods Eight aspects of the traditional CGA were simplified to form the aCGA assessment table,based on which the patients were classified into three grades of A,B and C according to the total scores.This study enrolled the elderly female patients with breast cancer aged 70 years and above who were treated in PUMC Hospital from June 2018 to January 2020.Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)scoring and aCGA grading were performed respectively,and the results of the two methods were compared. Results Of the 162 patients,111(68.5%)were classified by the aGGA method as grade A,43(26.5%)as grade B,and 8(5.0%)as grade C;131(80.9%)cases have concurrent diseases,and the most common complications were hypertension(n=89),cardiovascular diseases(n=47)and diabetes mellitus(n=39).The ECOG score was 0-1 in 133(82.0%)cases,2 in 24(14.8%)cases and 3 in 5(3.2%)cases.The ECOG score showed 133(82.0%)cases with good status and 29 cases with poor status.However,according to the aCGA classification,111 cases were in good health status and 51 cases were in poor health status;the difference in the result between the two groups was statistically significant(χ ²=14.24,P<0.001).Conclusion Compared with ECOG score,aCGA grading can more comprehensively evaluate the health status of elderly female breast cancer patients and can be applied to the patients aged 70 and above.

PMID:34238415 | DOI:10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.13752