Tag: pubmed

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Oct 13. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07690-3. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of cepstral analysis (Cepstral Peak Prominence [CPP] and Cepstral Peak Prominence-Smoothed [CPPS]) with voice self-assessments (The Persian version of vocal tract discomfort [VTDp] scale and non-standard hoarseness self-assessment [NHS] questionnaire).

METHODS: 223 participants (159 with and 64 without dysphonia) were asked to utter the vocal tasks namely vowels /a/ and /e/, six standard sentences, and a non-standard connected speech sample. CPP and CPPS were calculated in these three vocal tasks using the “Praat” software. The participants also asked to complete the VTDp scale and the NHS questionnaire.

RESULTS: The means of frequency and severity the VTDp and the means of NHS were statistically different between the dysphonic and normal voice groups (P < 0.05), except for tickling (P > 0.05). There was a very low significant correlation between cepstral analysis with aching and in the dysphonic group (P < 0.05). However, a very low to low significant correlation between cepstral analysis with burning, tight, aching, tickling, sore, and both frequency and severity subscales scores of the VTDp in the normal voice group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the means of the cepstral analysis did not differ significantly between all scores of the NHS in the dysphonic the normal voice groups (P > 0.05), except for 1 with 3, 4, and 5 in the dysphonic group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The cepstral analysis can provide some information about the status of vocal tract and person’s perception of his/her own voice quality.

PMID:36229669 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07690-3

Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2022 Oct 14. doi: 10.1007/s00423-022-02712-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Despite continuous improvement in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and growing evidence for its superiority in procedures in various organ systems, a routinely application in patients with acute bowel obstruction (ABO) cannot be seen to date. Besides very general explanations for this attitude, not much is known about the decision process in a particular patient. This retrospective study aims at investigating surgeon- and patient-specific factors for or against MIS in acute bowel obstruction.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing either MIS or open surgery (OS) for ABO at a single center between 2009 and 2017 was performed. All available preoperative parameters were included in the analysis and subdivided into patient- (age, gender, BMI, previous abdominal procedures, inflammatory process, ASA score, bowel dilatation) and surgeon-specific (time of patient admission, senior surgeon performed the procedure or taught the case, availability of a surgical resident or junior doctor as assisting surgeon) factors. Statistical analysis was performed to reveal their influence on the surgeon’s decision for or against MIS.

RESULTS: Of 106 patients requiring surgical intervention, 57 were treated by OS (53.77%) and 49 by MIS (46.23%). Patients with a higher ASA score (ASA III) and a bowel width of ≥ 3.8 cm in preoperative radiologic imaging were more likely to undergo OS (p < 0.01). Also, a late admission time to the hospital (x̄ = 14.78 h) was associated with OS (p = 0.01). Concerning previous abdominal surgical interventions, patients with prior appendectomy rather were assigned to MIS (p < 0.01) whereas those with prior colectomy to OS (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The choice of procedure in patients with bowel obstruction is a highly individualized decision. Whereas scientifically proven parameters, such as high age and BMI, had no influence on the decision process, impaired general health condition (ASA score), high bowel width, previous surgical intervention, and a late admission time influenced the decision process towards open surgery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00021600.

PMID:36229667 | DOI:10.1007/s00423-022-02712-4

Strahlenther Onkol. 2022 Oct 13. doi: 10.1007/s00066-022-02008-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare two left breast cancer patient cohorts (tangential vs. locoregional deep-inspiration breath-hold – DIBH treatment) with different predefined beam gating thresholds and to evaluate their impact on motion management and DIBH stability.

METHODS: An SGRT-based clinical workflow was adopted for the DIBH treatment. Intrafractional monitoring was performed by tracking both the respiratory signal and the real-time displacement between the isocenter on the daily reference surface and on the live surface (“SGRT shift”). Beam gating tolerances were 5 mm/4 mm for the SGRT shifts and 5 mm/3 mm for the gating window amplitude for breast tangential and breast + lymph nodes locoregional treatments, respectively. A total of 24 patients, 12 treated with a tangential technique and 12 with a locoregional technique, were evaluated for a total number of 684 fractions. Statistical distributions of SGRT shift and respiratory signal for each treatment fraction, for each patient treatment, and for the two population samples were generated.

RESULTS: Lateral cumulative distributions of SGRT shifts for both locoregional and tangential samples were consistent with a null shift, whereas longitudinal and vertical ones were slightly negative (mean values < 1 mm). The distribution of the percentage of beam on time with SGRT shift > 3 mm, > 4 mm, or > 5 mm was extended toward higher values for the tangential sample than for the locoregional sample. The variability in the DIBH respiration signal was significantly greater for the tangential sample.

CONCLUSION: Different beam gating thresholds for surface-guided DIBH treatment of left breast cancer can impact motion management and DIBH stability by reducing the frequency of the maximum SGRT shift and increasing respiration signal stability when tighter thresholds are adopted.

PMID:36229656 | DOI:10.1007/s00066-022-02008-y

Transplantation. 2022 Oct 13. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate an association between reduced absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after solid organ transplantation and have therefore highlighted the potential of ALC as a simple tool to predict CMV infection in transplant patients. This study aimed to examine the utility of ALC as a valuable marker for CMV infection in heart transplant patients.

METHODS: Clinical information and ALC data of all adult patients who received orthotopic heart transplantation at the Medical University of Vienna between January 2004 and May 2019 were collected. We performed a multivariable Cox regression model that incorporates repeated measurements of ALC as a time-varying continuous factor in 2 ways, first as continuous logarithmic factor considering a 50% decrease of ALC levels and second as binary factor using a threshold of 610 cells/μL.

RESULTS: One hundred fifty-eight (39%) patients developed CMV infection over the course of 2 y. Patients with lymphopenia were shown to be at higher risk of developing CMV infection both in the continuous approach (HR [per 50% reduction] 1.29; confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.53; P = 0.003) and the binary approach with a cutoff of 610 cells/μL (HR 1.74; CI, 1.20-2.51; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a strong association between reduced ALC and the development of CMV infection after heart transplantation. ALC value monitoring could provide an additional tool to assess individualized CMV risk after solid organ transplantation.

PMID:36228318 | DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000004360

Acta Cir Bras. 2022 Oct 10;37(7):e370702. doi: 10.1590/acb370702. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To demonstrate through a controlled study whether the use of tranexamic acid in bariatric surgeries is effective for bleeding control.

METHODS: Prospective, comparative, and double-blind study performed with patients from 18 to 65 years old submitted to bariatric surgery. The selected patients received venous tranexamic acid (TXA) during the induction of anesthesia or not (CG). The anesthesia and thromboprophylaxis protocols were similar among the groups. For statistical analysis, the χ2 and analysis of variance tests were performed at a significance level of p < 0.05, using the statistical program SPSS 21.0®.

RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were included in the study, 31 in the control group and 30 in the TXA group (GTXA). In the intraoperative period, the bleeding volume was greater in the CG than in the GTXA. In the postoperative period, the tranexamic acid group had a higher value hematocrit, absence of surgical reoperations due to bleeding complications, and shorter hospitalization time than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of tranexamic acid was effective in reducing bleeding rates and of hospital stay length, in addition to demonstrating the clinical safety of its use, for not having been associated with any thromboembolic events.

PMID:36228297 | DOI:10.1590/acb370702

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 Oct 10:S0066-782X2022005017204. doi: 10.36660/abc.20220045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronary stenosis can be caused de novo atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and in-stent neoatherosclerosis, three entities that develop from a diverse pathophysiological milieu.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate, using optical coherence tomography (OCT), whether or not coronary lesions related to these processes differ in their local inflammatory profile.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients with diagnosed or suspected coronary lesions who had undergone OCT imaging for clinical reasons. Macrophage and intra-plaque neovascularization were assessed by OCT and used as surrogates of local inflammation. A significance level of < 0.05 was adopted as statistically significant.

RESULTS: From the 121 lesions, 74 were de novo, 29 were restenosis, and 18 were neoatherosclerosis. Neovascularization was found in 65.8% of de novo, 10.3% in restenosis, and 94.4% in neoatherosclerosis (p<0.01 for all). The volume of neovascularization was different among lesion types (950 vs. 0 vs. 6220, respectively [median values in 1000 x µm3/mm]; p<0.01 for all), which were significantly higher in neoatherosclerosis and lower in restenosis. The presence of macrophages differed among the lesions (95.9% in de novo vs. 6.9% in restenosis vs. 100% in neoatherosclerosis [p<0.01 for all]). Moreover, the intensity of macrophagic infiltration was different among lesion types (2.5 vs. 0.0 vs. 4.5, respectively [median values of macrophage score]; p<0.01 for all), significantly higher in neoatheroscleosis and lower in restenosis.

CONCLUSION: When compared using coronary OCT, de novo atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and neoatherosclerosis presented markedly different inflammatory phenotypes.

PMID:36228279 | DOI:10.36660/abc.20220045

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 Oct 10:S0066-782X2022005017201. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210750. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The increase in epicardial fat volume (EFV) is related to coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of visceral or subcutaneous fat. The mechanism underlying this association is unclear. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and endothelial dysfunction are related to coronary events, but whether EFV is related to these markers needs further clarification.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between automatically measured EFV, cardiovascular risk factors, CAC, and endothelial function.

METHODS: In 470 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with measures of EFV, CAC score and endothelial function, we performed multivariable models to evaluate the relation between cardiovascular risk factors and EFV (response variable), and between EFV (explanatory variable) and endothelial function variables or CAC score. Two-sided p <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Mean age was 55 ± 8 years, 52.3% of patients were men. Mean EFV was 111mL (IQ 86-144), and the prevalence of CAC score=0 was 55%. In the multivariable analyses, increased EFV was related to female sex, older age, waist circumference, and triglycerides (p<0.001 for all). Higher EFV was associated with worse endothelial function: as compared with the first quartile, the odds ratio for basal pulse amplitude were (q2=1.22, 95%CI 1.07-1.40; q3=1.50, 95%CI 1.30-1.74; q4=1.50, 95%CI 1.28-1.79) and for peripheral arterial tonometry ratio were (q2=0.87, 95%CI 0.81-0.95; q3=0.86, 95%CI 0.79-0.94; q4=0.80, 95%CI 0.73-0.89), but not with CAC score>0.

CONCLUSION: Higher EFV was associated with impaired endothelial function, but not with CAC. The results suggest that EFV is related to the development of CAD through a pathway different from the CAC pathway, possibly through aggravation of endothelial dysfunction and microvascular disease.

PMID:36228276 | DOI:10.36660/abc.20210750

Cad Saude Publica. 2022 Oct 10;38(9):e00062622. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XPT062622. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to identify neighborhood profiles perceived by adolescents and young adults and estimate their association with global and leisure-time physical activity. Data from 1,637 individuals aged 15 to 24 years were taken from a cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, conducted in a city in the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 2011. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version, in addition to a question about leisure activities. The perception of characteristics of the physical and social environment of the neighborhood was based on a scale with 14 questions. Neighborhood profiles were defined through latent class analysis (LCA), and the estimation of their effects on physical activity used a model with distal outcomes. The latent profile analysis resulted in three neighborhood patterns, described as “urban, sociable, and favorable to physical activity – class 1” (39.6%); “sociable and safe – class 2” (24.4%), “insecure, low sociability – class 3” (36%). Individuals belonging to “class 1” showed the highest probability to exercise (56.4%), while for classes 2 and 3 these percentages corresponded to 46.3% and 42.8%, respectively. A statistically significant association was identified only in the “urban, sociable and favorable to physical activity” class, whose chance of performing leisure activities was 72% (OR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.29-2.29). Neighborhoods with attributes that favor the practice of physical activity and the existence of urbanization elements increase the chance of active leisure behavior among adolescents and young adults. The use of LCA and the model with distal outcomes are promising and innovative in neighborhood approaches.

PMID:36228274 | DOI:10.1590/0102-311XPT062622

Transplantation. 2022 Oct 13. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004411. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications and death and a less powerful and lasting response to vaccines and to natural infection. In Colombia, this population was prioritized in the National Vaccination Plan against COVID-19 and received vaccines from different platforms. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule and of the vaccine booster for COVID-19 administered to SOTRs in Colombia.

METHODS: A nested-cohort was assembled within the population-based ESPERANZA cohort and included the subset of 16 y and older SOTRs (n = 6963); the follow-up period spanned March 11, 2021, to May 11, 2022. The vaccine effectiveness was estimated with Cox proportional-hazards models so that the overall effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule, the vaccine booster, each used vaccine, and the homologous and heterologous schedules were estimated, adjusting by the main confounders.

RESULTS: The overall effectiveness of being fully vaccinated was 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9%-77.0%) to prevent COVID-19 infection, 83.7% (95% CI, 78.7%-87.5%) to prevent hospitalization, and 92.1% (95% CI, 88.8%-94.4%) to prevent death due to COVID-19. Similarly, the effectiveness of the vaccine booster was 76.7% (95% CI, 70.6%-81.5%), 86.9% (95% CI, 79.4%-91.6%), and 94.5% (95% CI, 89.8%-97.1%) to prevent confirmed COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19, respectively. In both cases, there were no statistically significant differences across age groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this work show a high protection of vaccination against infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19 in SOTRs, which increases with the vaccine booster.

PMID:36228269 | DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000004411

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2022 Sep;68(9):1324-1329. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220701.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The effect of chronic pain on the elderly population is enormous in terms of both human suffering and cost. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with chronic low back pain in older adults by performing a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 225 elderly patients admitted to a geriatric outpatient clinic. All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, and factors related to chronic low back pain were assessed. Participants were grouped as those with and without chronic pain.

RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 72.9±6.9 years, and 149 (66.2%) of them had chronic pain complaints. The number of chronic diseases and medications, depressive symptom scores, and sleep quality scores were higher, and quality of life (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions visual analog scale) and nutritional status scores were lower in the chronic pain group. The pain visual analog scale score had a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index (r=-0.440, p=0.000) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions visual analog scale (r=-0.398, p=0.000) scores. The male gender was associated with a reduced risk of chronic pain, while poor sleep quality and number of comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of chronic pain (p=0.000, OR 0.20, p=0.021, OR 2.54, and p=0.010, OR 1.40, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Chronic pain is common and independently associated with poor sleep quality, an increased number of diseases, and female gender. The results of our study may guide pain management in older individuals.

PMID:36228266 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20220701