Tag: pubmed

Database (Oxford). 2022 Jul 12;2022:baac054. doi: 10.1093/database/baac054.

ABSTRACT

HumanMine (www.humanmine.org) is an integrated database of human genomics and proteomics data that provides a powerful interface to support sophisticated exploration and analysis of data compiled from experimental, computational and curated data sources. Built using the InterMine data integration platform, HumanMine includes genes, proteins, pathways, expression levels, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), diseases and more, integrated into a single searchable database. HumanMine promotes integrative analysis, a powerful approach in modern biology that allows many sources of evidence to be analysed together. The data can be accessed through a user-friendly web interface as well as a powerful, scriptable web service Application programming interface (API) to allow programmatic access to data. The web interface includes a useful identifier resolution system, sophisticated query options and interactive results tables that enable powerful exploration of data, including data summaries, filtering, browsing and export. A set of graphical analysis tools provide a rich environment for data exploration including statistical enrichment of sets of genes or other biological entities. HumanMine can be used for integrative multistaged analysis that can lead to new insights and uncover previously unknown relationships. Database URL: https://www.humanmine.org.

PMID:35820040 | DOI:10.1093/database/baac054

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Jul 13. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009462. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic displaced medical students from their rotations and into virtual classrooms. We aimed to develop a virtual curriculum with the goals for students to gain knowledge in plastic surgery, to acquire technical skills, and to be able to promote community.

METHODS: We developed a four-week educational curriculum of topics in plastic surgery using the American Society of Plastic Surgeons Resident Education Curriculum and an online plastic surgery curriculum. Virtual flipped classroom case discussions and weekly surgical skills workshops were offered. Pre- and post-course surveys were administered, and results analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0.

RESULTS: 303 medical students and recent graduates enrolled in the course in June 2020. 182 students completed the pre-course survey (60% response rate), and of those, 50.0% (n=91) completed the post-course survey for paired comparison. Students reported significant improvement in confidence discussing the relevant anatomy, work-up and surgical approaches to clinical cases, as well as confidence in knowledge of all topic areas (p<0.001). Confidence in suturing and knot-tying techniques significantly improved among workshop participants (p<0.001). Students applying to residency programs this cycle felt significantly more prepared for sub-internships (p<0.001) and significantly more connected to the community of applicants (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Virtual Curriculum (PRSVC) improved knowledge, surgical skills, and community in the field among medical student participants. This course may serve to provide a framework for structured virtual learning activities for students interested in plastic surgery and may have significant long-lasting utility for students interested in the field.

PMID:35819982 | DOI:10.1097/PRS.0000000000009462

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 12;17(7):e0271291. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271291. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alcohol drinking during pregnancy has been well-known to cause the detrimental effects on fetal development; however, the adverse effects of pre-pregnancy drinking are largely unknown. We investigate whether alcohol drinking status before pregnancy is associated with the risk for macrosomia, an offspring’s adverse outcome, in a Korean pregnancy registry cohort (n = 4,542) enrolled between 2013 and 2017.

METHODS: Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on one occasion and ≥2 times a week, and a total 2,886 pregnant, included in the final statistical analysis, were divided into 3 groups: never, non-binge, and binge drinking.

RESULTS: The prevalence of macrosomia was higher in binge drinking before pregnancy than those with never or non-binge drinking (7.5% vs. 3.2% or 2.9%, p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent association between macrosomia and prepregnancy binge drinking after adjusting for other confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.08-4.86; p = 0.031). The model added binge drinking before pregnancy led to improvement of 10.6% (95% CI, 2.03-19.07; p = 0.0006) in discrimination from traditional risk prediction models.

CONCLUSION: Together, binge drinking before pregnancy might be an independent risk factor for developing macrosomia. Intensified intervention for drinking alcohol in women who are planning a pregnancy is important and may help prevent macrosomia.

PMID:35819975 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0271291

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 12;17(7):e0271278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271278. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to structure a proposal for an instrument to measure the mistreatment level of women during childbirth, through item response theory, based on the birth experience of postpartum women. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with the inclusion of 287 women who did not suffer complications during childbirth, randomly selected from two maternity hospitals in the capital of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil, in 2016. Approximately 30 days after delivery, the women answered questions in a face-to-face interview about their birth experience (practices and interventions applied) and were inquired about their perception of having suffered disrespect, mistreatment or humiliation by health professionals. The set of practices was included in the item response theory model to design the instrument. Of the 36 items included in the model, 21 dealt with practices applied exclusively to women who went into labor, therefore two instruments were developed. The instrument including all women, containing 09 items, identified 23.7% prevalence of mistreatment to women during childbirth, while the instrument for women going into labor included 11 items and identified 22% prevalence. The items with the highest discrimination were: not having had a companion during labor (2.05; and 1.26), not feeling welcome (1.81; and 1.58), and not feeling safe (1.59; and 1.70), for all women and for those who went into labor, respectively. For those who went into labor, the items, did not have a companion during labor (1.22; PE 0.88) and did not feel comfortable asking questions and participating in decisions (1.20; PE 0.43) also showed greater discrimination. In contrast, when directly questioned, only 12.5% of women said they had experienced disrespect or mistreatment, suggesting that harmful practices are often not recognized as violent. Standardizing the measurement of mistreatment of women during childbirth can create more accurate estimates of its prevalence and contribute to the proposal of strategies to eliminate obstetric violence.

PMID:35819960 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0271278

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 12;17(7):e0269942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269942. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: People with pre-existing chronic diseases are more likely to acquire COVID-19 infections, which can be fatal, and die from COVID-19 illness. COVID-19 vaccination will benefit those at a higher risk of developing complications and dying from the disease. This study aimed to determine chronic patients’ willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence their willingness.

METHOD: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 adult chronic patients in the University of Gondar specialized hospital outpatient departments. The participants were chosen using systematic random sampling methods with an interval of 5. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from eligible respondents. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for the data entry data analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the dependent and independent factors. An odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals and a P-value was used to determine the association’s strength and statistical significance.

RESULT: Out of 401 respondents, 219 (54.6%) with [95% CI (49.7-59.5%)] of study participants were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Being a healthcare worker (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.24-6.96), Lost family members or friends due to COVID-19 (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.21-5.00), good knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.37-4.33), favorable attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = .8.56 95% CI: 4.76-15.38), perceived suitability of the COVID-19 infection (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.62-5.33) and perceived benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.08-3.31), were found to be a significant association with the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among chronic patients.

CONCLUSION: This study confirms that around 55% of adult chronic patients were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Providing health education for chronic patients to emphasize the knowledge and attitude of the COVID-19 vaccine and raise patients’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and the benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine could be recommended to improve their willingness to COVID-19 vaccination.

PMID:35819959 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0269942

PLoS Med. 2022 Jul 12;19(7):e1004040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004040. eCollection 2022 Jul.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Apgar scores measure newborn health and are strongly associated with infant outcomes, but their performance has largely been determined in primarily white populations. Given the majority of the global population is not white, we aim to assess whether the association between low Apgar score and mortality in infants varies across racial groups.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: Population-based cohort study using 2016 to 2017 United States National Vital Statistics System data. The study included singleton infants born between 37+0 and 44+6 weeks to mothers over 15 years, without congenital abnormalities. We looked at 3 different mortality outcomes: (1) early neonatal mortality; (2) overall neonatal mortality; and (3) infant mortality. We used logistic regression to assess the association between Apgar score (categorized as low, intermediate, and normal) and each mortality outcome, and adjusted for gestational age, sex, maternal BMI, education, age, previous number of live births, and smoking status, and stratified these models by maternal race group (as self-reported on birth certificates). The cohort consisted of 6,809,653 infants (52.8% non-Hispanic white, 23.7% Hispanic, 13.8% non-Hispanic black, 6.6% non-Hispanic Asian, and 3.1% non-Hispanic other). A total of 6,728,829 (98.8%) infants had normal scores, 63,467 (0.9%) had intermediate scores, and 17,357 (0.3%) had low Apgar scores. Compared to infants with normal scores, low-scoring infants had increased odds of infant mortality. There was strong evidence that this association varied by race (p < 0.001) with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 54.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 49.9 to 59.4) in non-Hispanic white, 70.02 (95% CI 60.8 to 80.7) in Hispanic, 23.3 (95% CI 20.3 to 26.8) in non-Hispanic black, 100.4 (95% CI 74.5 to 135.4) in non-Hispanic Asian, and 26.8 (95% CI 19.8 to 36.3) in non-Hispanic other infants. The main limitation was missing data for some variables, due to using routinely collected data.

CONCLUSIONS: The association between Apgar scores and mortality varies across racial groups. Low Apgar scores are associated with mortality across racial groups captured by United States (US) records, but are worse at discriminating infants at risk of mortality for black and non-Hispanic non-Asian infants than for white infants. Apgar scores are useful clinical indicators and epidemiological tools; caution is required regarding racial differences in their applicability.

PMID:35819949 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004040

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 12;17(7):e0271219. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271219. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

To examine the association of fetal fraction with a wide spectrum of pregnancy-related complications among Chinese population, we carried out a single-institution retrospective cohort study of women with negative Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results and singleton pregnancies between May 2018 and May 2020. Indicators of pregnancy-related complications were examined individually, including preterm birth, low birth weight, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, oligohydramnios and intrahepatic cholestasis. We evaluated disease odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), after controlling for potential confounders including body mass index (BMI), maternal age and gestational week at NIPT. A total of 3534 women were included in our analyses. Women with fetal fraction<15.15% had increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR 4.41, CI [1.65, 12.45]) and oligohydramnios (OR 2.26, CI [1.33, 3.80]) compared to women with fetal fraction≥15.15%. No significant associations with fetal fraction were found for preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational diabetes, and intrahepatic cholestasis. In Summary, fetal fraction is inversely associated with the risk of gestational hypertension and oligohydramnios.

PMID:35819933 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0271219

PLoS One. 2022 Jul 12;17(7):e0271166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271166. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy on arterial and venous oxygen saturation, retinal vessel diameter and flicker response in patients with newly diagnosed specific subtypes of exudative maculopathy.

METHODS: This prospective study included forty-four eyes of 44 patients with treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV, n = 12), hemorrhagic choroidal neovascularization (hCNV, n = 12), pigment epithelium detachment (PED, n = 9) and type 3 MNV (RAP, n = 11). All patients received three initial aflibercept 2mg/0.05ml injections (Eylea®) in monthly intervals (loading phase) and were subsequently treated until month 12. Measurements of arterial and venous oxygen saturation, vessel diameters and flicker response were performed using the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA; IMEDOS, Jena, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed on the total population at baseline, after loading dose and at the last follow-up visit.

RESULTS: The arterial oxygen saturation was 94.01±2.14% and showed no change after loading dose (93.94±2.88%, p = 0.4; estimated difference [confidence interval] -0.38 [-1.24; 0.48]) and at the last visit (95.48±1.90%; p = 0.1; -1.29 [-0.34; 2.91]). The venous oxygenation during treatment was 78.49±6.93% at baseline, 80.94±7.71% after 3-monthly injections (p = 0.7; -0.43 [-2.72; 1.86]) and 80.56±7.33% at month 12 (p = 0.5; 1.07 [-2.10; 4.24). The arterial and venous vessel diameters were 94±22μm and 131±19μm at baseline, and remained unchanged following aflibercept loading dose and at the last follow-up visit (p-value: p = 0.5; 2.30 [-5.00; 9.59] p = 0.8; 0.59 [-3.17; 4.34]). During stimulation with flicker light, arterial diameter changed by +1.24±4.93% at baseline and remained stable at month 3 (+2.70±5.95%; p = 0.5; 1.43 [-2.54; 5.41]) while the change in venous diameter during flicker stimulation was +4.52±4.45% at baseline and +4.13±3.65% after loading dose (p = 0.4, 5.18 [1.73; 8.63]).

CONCLUSION: During intravitreal aflibercept treatment oxygen saturation, vessel diameter and flicker response did not change in the total population of patients with specific subtypes of exudative maculopathy.

PMID:35819932 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0271166

J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2022 Jun 28. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001339. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to test the usefulness of computer-aided detection (CAD) for the detection of brain metastasis (BM) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

METHODS: The test data set included whole-brain axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 25 cases with 62 BMs and 5 cases without BM. Six radiologists from 3 institutions with 2 to 4 years of experience independently reviewed the cases, both in conditions with and without CAD assistance. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, number of false positives, and reading time were compared between the conditions using paired t tests. Subanalysis was also performed for groups of lesions divided according to size. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: With CAD, sensitivity significantly increased from 80.4% to 83.9% (P = 0.04), whereas positive predictive value significantly decreased from 88.7% to 84.8% (P = 0.03). Reading time with and without CAD was 112 and 107 seconds, respectively (P = 0.38), and the number of false positives was 10.5 with CAD and 7.0 without CAD (P = 0.053). Sensitivity significantly improved for 6- to 12-mm lesions, from 71.2% without CAD to 80.3% with CAD (P = 0.02). The sensitivity of the CAD (95.2%) was significantly higher than that of any reader (with CAD: P = 0.01; without CAD: P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS: Computer-aided detection significantly improved BM detection sensitivity without prolonging reading time while marginally increased the false positives.

PMID:35819922 | DOI:10.1097/RCT.0000000000001339

J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2022 Jun 28. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001346. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) in a cohort of healthy adults on cone beam computed tomography (CT) using the Fujioka method, which is a reproducible measure of adenoid size and nasopharyngeal patency.

METHODS: Electronic health records and maxillofacial cone beam CT in 202 consecutive patients aged 16 years and older were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a history of adenoidectomy, sinonasal disease, lymphoproliferative disorders, and cleft palate were excluded from the study. The midsagittal reconstructed cone beam CT image was used to determine the ANR. Statistical analysis was conducted using 1-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS: Of the 202 subjects, 131 were female and 71 were male. The mean ± SD subject age was 45.43 ± 20.79 years (range, 16-91 years). The mean ± SD ANR in all subjects was 0.22 ± 0.13 (range, 0.03-0.75) and in each decade of adult life was as follows: younger than 21 years, 0.39 ± 0.12; 21 to 30 years, 0.29 ± 0.11; 31 to 40 years, 0.21 ± 0.09; 41 to 50 years, 0.20 ± 0.07; 51 to 60 years, 0.16 ± 0.10; 61 to 70 years, 0.13 ± 0.05; 71 to 80 years, 0.12 ± 0.05; 81 to 90 years, 0.11 ± 0.04; and 91 years or older, 0.10 ± 0. The differences in mean ANR among the age subgroups were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The mean ANR gradually decreased from 0.39 in the second decade of life to 0.16 in the sixth decade of life and plateaued at approximately 0.10 thereafter.

PMID:35819911 | DOI:10.1097/RCT.0000000000001346