Tag: pubmed

Nurs Forum. 2022 Jul 10. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12778. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Professional values give meaning and direction to clinical practices by providing a philosophical framework for nursing practices. The internalization of professional values is quite effective in providing professional service and is very important in terms of service quality.

DESIGN: This descriptive study has been conducted to determine the relationship between nurses’ professional values and caring behaviors.

METHODS: A total of 176 nurses participated who worked in hospitals in this study. The data were collected online using the Nurse Information Form, Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R), and Caring Behaviors Assessment Tool Nursing Version-Short Form (CBAN-SF). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskall-Wallis test, and the Spearman correlation coefficient.

RESULTS: Of the nurses participating in the study, 66.5% are between the ages of 21-30, 80.7% are female, and 71% are university graduates. No statistically significant difference was found regarding professional values between the mean scores from the NPVS-R and CBAN-SF in terms of the nurses’ age, gender, position, working style, clinic at which they work, or their educational status. The nurses scored high on the NPVS-R and CBAN. A moderate, significant, and positive relationship was found between nurses’ overall scores on the NPVS-R and CBAN-SF.

CONCLUSION: As nurses’ perceptions of professional values increase, their perception toward assessing care behaviors also increases. In addition, a relationship exists between nurses’ education levels and assessment of care behaviors and between their work experience and their perceptions of professional values. Conducting studies on the subject using different designs is recommended.

PMID:35810340 | DOI:10.1111/nuf.12778

Biophys J. 2022 Jul 8:S0006-3495(22)00557-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Transcription factor (TF) binding to genomic DNA elements constitutes one of the key mechanisms that regulates gene expression program in cells. Both consensus and non-consensus DNA sequence elements influence the recognition specificity of TFs. Based on the analysis of experimentally determined c-Myc binding preferences to genomic DNA, here we statistically predict that certain repetitive, non-consensus DNA symmetry elements can relatively reduce TF-DNA binding preferences. This is in contrast to a different set of repetitive, non-consensus symmetry elements that can increase the strength of TF-DNA binding. Using c-Myc enhancer reporter system containing consensus motif flanked by non-consensus sequences in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we directly demonstrate that the enrichment in such negatively regulating repetitive symmetry elements is sufficient to reduce the gene expression level as compared with native genomic sequences. Negatively regulating repetitive symmetry elements around consensus c-Myc motif and DNA sequences containing consensus c-Myc motif flanked by entirely randomized sequences show similar expression baseline. A possible explanation for this observation is that rather than complete repression, negatively regulating repetitive symmetry elements play a regulatory role in fine-tuning the reduction of gene expression, most probably by binding TFs other than c-Myc.

PMID:35810331 | DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.011

BMC Geriatr. 2022 Jul 9;22(1):568. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03245-7.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicators and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with depressive states, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of white matter damage in CSVD with depression.

METHOD: A total of 115 elderly subjects were consecutively recruited from the neurology clinic, including 36 CSVD patients with depressive state (CSVD+D), 34 CSVD patients without depressive state (CSVD-D), and 45 controls. A detailed neuropsychological assessment and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. Based on tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis and structural network analysis, differences between groups were compared, including white matter fiber indicators (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) and structural brain network indicators (global efficiency, local efficiency and network strength), in order to explore the differences and correlations of DTI parameters among the three groups.

RESULTS: There were no significant differences in terms of CSVD burden scores and conventional imaging findings between the CSVD-D and CSVD+D groups. Group differences were found in DTI indicators (p < 0.05), after adjusting for age, gender, education level, and vascular risk factors (VRF), there were significant correlations between TBSS analysis indicators and depression, including: fractional anisotropy (FA) (r = – 0.291, p < 0.05), mean diffusivity (MD) (r = 0.297, p < 0.05), at the same time, between structural network indicators and depression also show significant correlations, including: local efficiency (E_Local) (r = – 0.278, p < 0.01) and network strength (r = – 0.403, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Changes in FA, MD values and structural network indicators in DTI parameters can predict the depressive state of CSVD to a certain extent, providing a more direct structural basis for the hypothesis of abnormal neural circuits in the pathogenesis of vascular-related depression. In addition, abnormal white matter alterations in subcortical neural circuits probably affect the microstructural function of brain connections, which may be a mechanism for the concomitant depressive symptoms in CSVD patients.

PMID:35810313 | DOI:10.1186/s12877-022-03245-7

J Transl Med. 2022 Jul 9;20(1):312. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03506-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The oral ecosystem conditions dental health, and is known to be positively modified by oral hygiene which cannot always be performed between meals, especially outside home. It is therefore important to identify the practices to be adopted to influence the oral environment in an anticariogenic direction. Milk and cheese are considered functional foods and have a role on oral health. There are several mechanisms by which cheese exerts its beneficial effects on teeth. The aim of the present study was to examine whether short term consumption of hard cheese would affect the oral pH and microbial flora of healthy adults modifying ecological oral environment. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach was applied to study the effect of Italian Grana Padano (GP), as a prototype of typical hard cheese, on the oral microbiota composition. Finally, we explored Streptococcus mutans/sanguinis ratio as a marker of protective biofilm composition.

METHODS: Nine oral-healthy adults were instructed to eat 25 gr of GP cheese for 5 consecutive days. Three time points were chosen for supragingival samples collection and pH measurement. 16S rRNA-gene sequences were obtained both from oral samples and GP cheese using the MiSeq platform and analyzed against the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). ProgPerm was used to perform statistical analyses to investigate strain differential representation after cheese consumption.

RESULTS: Taxonomic analyses of the oral microbiota revealed that Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. GP cheese significantly modifies oral pH, causing a shift toward basic conditions which are kept for a few hours. The Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis ratio lowers in the last observed timepoint.

CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that a portion of GP cheese eaten after dinner provides important micronutrients (i.e. calcium, vitamins and some aminoacids such as arginine) and changes oral pH toward basic conditions, resulting in a light modification of the oral microbiome towards the reduction of the overall amount of acidophilic bacteria. Furthermore, the S. mutans/S. sanguinis ratio is reduced, contributing to obtain a more protecting environment towards caries establishment and evolution.

PMID:35810305 | DOI:10.1186/s12967-022-03506-4

Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Jul 9;20(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12955-022-02013-w.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Due to limited capability to function in post-injury daily life injury, survivors need to be reliably assessed without need to commute more than necessary. The key action is to determine the level of functioning difficulties. Having the opportunity of conducting a national post-crash traffic safety and health cohort study, we aimed to translate into Persian and assess the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) through phone surveys six month post injury.

METHODS: First, having World Health Organization permission, we tested the translation validity by forward translation, expert panel evaluation, back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and finalizing the Persian WHODAS. Then, through a psychometric study within a national cohort platform, the validity, reliability and applicability of the 12-item WHODAS was assessed through phone surveys. We included data of 255 road traffic injury patients enrolled from the cohort at six-month follow-up. The psychometric assessment (internal consistency reliability and stability reliability) was conducted on test-retest data of 50 patients with an average 7-day time span. An exploratory factor analysis tested the construct validity using extraction method of principal component factor and oblique rotation on data from 255 patients. Regarding the multiple criteria including an eigenvalue > 0.9, Cattell’s scree test, cumulative variance, and the theoretical basis, the minimum number of factors were retained. Data were analyzed using STATA statistical software package.

RESULTS: The respondents were mostly male (81%), employed (71%), educated (87%), and with a mean age of 37.7(14.9). The Persian version had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.93) and excellent stability reliability (ICC = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98). An exploratory factor analysis retained four factors defining 86% of all the variance. Factors of Self-care, Mobility, and Cognition were completely retained.

CONCLUSIONS: The brief Pesrian WHODAS 2.0 was highly reliable and valid to be applied through phone interviews post injury.

PMID:35810300 | DOI:10.1186/s12955-022-02013-w

BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Jul 10;22(1):895. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08300-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ukraine is reforming its health care system to improve quality of health care. Insight into how primary health care managers perceive quality is important for the ongoing reform as well as for the improvement of medical services.

METHODS: An online survey was conducted as part of the Ukrainian-Swiss project “Medical Educational Development” in April-May 2019 based on the contact list of USAID project “Health Reform Support”, and additionally on the database of the National Health Service of Ukraine and other channels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysis.

RESULTS: In total, 302 health care managers took part in the study. The majority of primary health care managers perceive quality in health care as process quality. They associate quality mostly with compliance to standards. At the same time, primary health care managers prefer to assess outcome quality via a system of indicators and feedback. There appears to be a lack of consensus about health care quality. This may be due to a lack of awareness of the national strategy for better quality of health care service.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides new insights into primary care managers’ perceptions of health care quality in Ukraine. The absence of a clear consensus about quality complicates the discussion about quality and how to measure quality in health care. This appears to be one of the obstacles to system-wide quality improvement.

PMID:35810293 | DOI:10.1186/s12913-022-08300-y

BMC Surg. 2022 Jul 9;22(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s12893-022-01711-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to explore the feasibility and efficacy of computer-assisted screw inserting planning (CASIP) in the surgical treatment for severe spinal deformity.

METHODS: A total of 50 patients participated in this prospective cohort study. 25 patients were allocated into CASIP group and 25 patients were in Non-CASIP group. The demographic data, radiological spinal parameters were documented and analyzed. Each pedicle screw insertion was classified as satisfactory insertion or unsatisfactory insertion based on Gertzbein-Robbins classification. The primary outcome was the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. The secondary outcomes were the rate of puncturing screws, estimated blood loss, surgical time, correction rate and other radiological parameters.

RESULTS: A total of 45 eligible patients completed the study. 20 patients were in CASIP group and 25 patients were in Non- CASIP group. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement in CASIP Group and Non-CASIP Group were (92.0 ± 5.5) % and (82.6 ± 8.3) % (P < 0.05), and the rate of puncturing screws were (0 (0-0)) % and (0 (0-6.25)) % (P < 0.05). The median surgical time were 280.0 (IQR: 260.0-300.0) min and 310 (IQR: 267.5-390.0) min in two group and showed significant statistic difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: CASIP has good feasibility and can gain a more accurate and reliable instruments fixation, with which spine surgeons can make a detailed and personalized screw planning preoperatively to achieve satisfying screw placement.

PMID:35810287 | DOI:10.1186/s12893-022-01711-y

BMC Med Educ. 2022 Jul 9;22(1):534. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03588-0.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cross-cultural competence is widely regarded to play an important role in being able to deliver appropriate and effective health care to patients with different backgrounds, race, gender orientation and cultural beliefs. This study aims to assess how medical students feel about their comfort, knowledge, and skill level in handling a diverse patient population using a validated questionnaire.

METHODS: This study was carried out over a period of three weeks from July 5th to July 26^th of 2021, in the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. All medical students who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and gave informed consent were included in the study. A modified version of the Harvard cross-cultural care survey was used to assess the medical students’ comfort, knowledge and skill level in a variety of circumstances related to patients with different backgrounds and cultures. Descriptive statistical analysis of the questionnaire items was carried out. We reported frequencies and percentages for gender and year of study. For the questionnaire items, we reported mean, assuming that our Likert scale had equivariant intervals. Furthermore, multivariate analysis between demographics and themes was carried out. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

RESULTS: It was found that students of year 5 considered themselves more knowledgeable, comfortable and skilled in dealing with patients of different backgrounds, religions and beliefs compared to students of year 1 and had a higher average score in all of these categories which was statistically significant. Additionally, students who believed it is extremely important to practice medicine with a diverse patient population also had the highest averages in perceived knowledge, comfort and skills in dealing with patients of different sociocultural backgrounds compared to students who believed it wasn’t important at all.

CONCLUSION: This is a first of its kind study in a private medical university in Pakistan and highlights the students’ self-assessment of their competence when caring for patients from different backgrounds. This study can be used as a reference study in the region to carry out further studies and to assess and improve the gaps in medical training being provided.

PMID:35810272 | DOI:10.1186/s12909-022-03588-0

BMC Public Health. 2022 Jul 9;22(1):1318. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13713-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Disability retirement has been investigated in the last two decades using predictors such as measures of sickness absence, psychological, social, and organizational work factors. The impact of various health-related and sickness measures on disability retirement across various occupational group reveal a significant relation. However, current literature lacks understanding in police personnel.

METHODS: This study examines the roles of demographic and measures of sickness absence on disability retirement among police personnel in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The case-control design was used to predict disability retirement wherein controls were matched with cases according to age and gender from those who worked in the same administration as the case at baseline, to reduce the possible confounding influence of these variables. Conditional logistic regression models were used determine the odds-ratio of various measures of sickness absence in predicting disability retirement.

RESULTS: Results indicate that increased number of spells, and number of days of sickness absence can predict disability retirements among police personnel in the UAE. Results indicate that odds ratios for disability retirement for the total exposure period increased from 1.76 (95% CI = 1.42-2.20) for spells of 4-7d to 2.47 (95%CI = 1.79-3.40) for spells of > 4 weeks. When compared with their married counterparts, non-married police employees had a statistically significant increase in odds of disability retirement of almost three fold (OR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.55-5.56). Non-field and field police officers, on the other hand, had significantly reduced odds of disability retirement compared with admin/supportive staff (OR = 0.43 and 0.28 with 95% CI = 0.19-0.96 and 0.13-0.61 respectively). Odds ratios of disability retirement at end of the exposure period for the matching variables with those obtained after additionally adjusting for all demographic variables (model b), namely, marital status, occupation, employment grade and type, and educational level. The odds ratios of disability retirement remained significantly raised for the total number of days of sickness absence and for the number of spells of sickness absence for all spell types.

CONCLUSIONS: Recommendation to reduce the number of future disability retirements among Abu Dhabi Police include structured problem-solving process addressed through stepwise meetings between the line-managers and the employee.

PMID:35810280 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-022-13713-9

Drug Saf. 2022 Jul 9. doi: 10.1007/s40264-022-01198-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hip fractures among older people are a major public health issue, which can impact quality of life and increase mortality within the year after they occur. A recent observational study found an increased risk of hip fracture in subjects who were new users of tramadol compared with codeine. These drugs have somewhat different indications. Tramadol is indicated for moderate to severe pain and can be used for an extended period; codeine is indicated for mild to moderate pain and cough suppression.

OBJECTIVE: In this observational study, we compared the risk of hip fracture in new users of tramadol or codeine, using multiple databases and analytical methods.

METHODS: Using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and three US claims databases, we compared the risk of hip fracture after exposure to tramadol or codeine in subjects aged 50-89 years. To ensure comparability, large-scale propensity scores were used to adjust for confounding.

RESULTS: We observed a calibrated hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% calibrated confidence interval 0.99-1.21) in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database, and a pooled estimate across the US databases yielded a calibrated hazard ratio of 1.06 (95% calibrated confidence interval 0.97-1.16).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between subjects treated for pain with tramadol compared with codeine for the outcome of hip fracture risk.

PMID:35810265 | DOI:10.1007/s40264-022-01198-9