Tag: pubmed

J Sci Food Agric. 2022 May 26. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: After the harvest, green coffee beans are dried on the farm using several methods: the wet process, natural process, pulped natural process, or mechanical demucilaging. This study evaluated how the choice of a specific processing method influenced the volatile organic compounds of the coffee beans, before and after roasting, and the sensory characteristics of the beverage. Coffea arabica beans of two varieties (Mundo Novo and Catuai Vermelho) were subjected to these four processing methods on a single farm in the cerrado area of Brazil.

RESULTS: Analysis by GC-MS HS-SPME identified 40 volatile organic compounds in green coffee beans and 37 in roasted beans. The main difference between post-harvest treatments was that natural processed green beans of both varieties contained a different profile of alcohols, acids, and lactones. In medium-roasted beans, those differences were not observed. The coffee beverages had similar taste attributes but distinct flavor profiles. Some of the treatments resulted in specialty-grade coffee, while others did not.

CONCLUSION: The choice of a specific post-harvest processing method influences the volatile compounds found in green beans, the final beverage’s flavor profile, and the cupping score, which can have a significant impact on the profitability of coffee farms operations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35620803 | DOI:10.1002/jsfa.12036

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2022 May 26:10783903221096360. doi: 10.1177/10783903221096360. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Negative attitudes toward mental disorders are not only an interpersonal issue but also a concern of mental health care. Given that nursing students are future health care providers, it is pivotal to improve their attitudes toward individuals with mental disorders prior to their transition into clinical practice. However, research on nursing students’ attitudes in relation to schizophrenia in Taiwan remains unexplored.

AIM: The aim of this article is to examine the correlates of attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia among Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students.

METHOD: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was adopted. Self-reported questionnaires were conducted with a convenience sample of 306 Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students. Descriptive statistics, independent t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlations, and a stepwise regression analysis were performed.

RESULTS: Nursing students expressed negative attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia. Nursing students, who were female, had contact with individuals with mental disorders, and expressed greater empathy and personality traits held more favorable attitudes toward individuals with schizophrenia. The study found that empathy, personality traits, and academic year were the most crucial attributes contributing to attitudes of nursing students toward individuals with schizophrenia.

CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that nursing education programs with empathy- and personality-tailored modules in mental health are pivotal to provide humanistic approaches with supportive attitudes regarding schizophrenia.

PMID:35620801 | DOI:10.1177/10783903221096360

MethodsX. 2022 May 5;9:101717. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101717. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

This study presents an approach developed to derive a Delayed-Multivariate Exposure-Response Model (D-MERF) useful to assess the short-term influence of temperature on mortality, accounting also for the effect of air pollution (O₃ and PM₁₀). By using Distributed, lag non-linear models (DLNM) we explain how city-specific exposure-response functions are derived for the municipality of Rome, which is taken as an example. The steps illustrated can be replicated to other cities while the statistical model presented here can be further extended to other exposure variables. We derive the mortality relative-risk (RR) curve averaged over the period 2004-2015, which accounts for city-specific climate and pollution conditions. Key aspects of customization are as follows: This study reports the steps followed to derive a combined, multivariate exposure-response model aimed at translating climatic and air pollution effects into mortality risk. Integration of climate and air pollution parameters to derive RR values. A specific interest is devoted to the investigation of delayed effects on mortality in the presence of different exposure factors.

PMID:35620759 | PMC:PMC9127213 | DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2022.101717

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2022;14(1):61-66. doi: 10.34172/jcvtr.2022.02. Epub 2022 Mar 6.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) is a catastrophic condition with in-hospital mortalities up to 89%. Patient survival depends on multiple factors; however, prompt surgery is essential to prevent mortality. We report the in-hospital outcomes of RAAA at a high-volume and teaching vascular surgery center in Iran. Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with infrarenal RAAA during February 20, 2012 to December 21, 2019 at Shohada-Tajrish Medical Center, Tehran,Iran. We identified 66 patients with RAAA during the study period. The patients were dividedinto two groups based on their transfer status (Transfer group versus non-transfer group). The primary outcome was in-hospital death. The secondary outcomes were in-hospital myocardial infarction (MI), abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and postoperative renal dysfunction requiring dialysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 74.2 ± 8.3 years. Forty-seven patients (71.2%) were transferred to our center from other institutions. There were 46 in-hospital deaths (69.7%) and three in-hospital MIs (4.5%). Three patients (4.5%) had postoperative ACS and six patients (9.1%)had postoperative renal dysfunction requiring dialysis. Transfer patients had an increased rate of in-hospital death compared to non-transferred patients (76.6.1% versus 52.6%); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.055). Conclusion: We found no significant different between operative mortality of transferred and non-transferred RAAA patients. Transfer of patients to tertiary centers with experienced vascular surgeons may delay the surgery. However, the transfer may be inevitable in areas where the optimal care of RAAA patients is not possible.

PMID:35620745 | PMC:PMC9106941 | DOI:10.34172/jcvtr.2022.02

Int J Burns Trauma. 2022 Apr 15;12(2):45-51. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Burns are still one of the most prevalent injuries in the world. Allograft is in high demand as a biological dressing for any superficial open wounds, not just burn victims. Skin allograft is the gold standard for treating burns in people who do not have enough skin to cover all of the injured areas of their bodies. Studies have shown that skin allografts are superior to topical antimicrobial dressings in partial thickness burns and can reduce complications and length of hospital stay in burn patients. However, to the best of our knowledge very few studies have investigated these results in our country. The aim of the current study is to evaluate and report the outcomes of skin allograft on burn patient survival in Iran.

METHOD: This prospective clinical trial study was performed on patients admitted to the burn center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran between July 15, 2017 and April 27, 2021. The control group consisted of patients admitted to the burn ward who were not undergoing skin allografts. This group was matched with the case group in terms of sex, age, and percentage of burns. We compared the outcome of the study was the duration of hospitalization, and status of patients at discharge. The study protocol was approved by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the code of IRCT2016112431074N1 (https://fa.irct.ir/trial/24517).

RESULT: Overall, 112 patients in the case group and 224 patients in the control group were studied. The length of hospital stay in the case group (41.13±11.7) was considerably longer than the control group (24.6±12.1) (P<0.001), but the mortality rate in the two groups was not statistically different (P=0.633). The average survival time of case group (53 days, 95% CI=45-56) was higher than the control group (49 days, 95% CI=39-58) (P=0.012). Number of allograft usage (OR=0.038, 95% CI=0.142-0.945) and also Age (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.005-1.070) were predictors of death.

CONCLUSION: Although the use of skin allografts in large burns (more than 50%) reduced mortality in burn patients, their use in burns less than 50% has not been effective in reducing patient mortality. Due to the limited access to this valuable product, its use in burns less than 50% should be done with caution and, due to the limited access to skin allografts in most burn centers in Iran, patients with extensive burns (more than 50%) should be used as a priority.

PMID:35620737 | PMC:PMC9123452

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022 May 20;15:1113-1127. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S361385. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Post-acute care is fast developing in China, yet a payment system for post-acute care has not been established. As stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability in China, patients constitute a large share of post-acute-care patients among all hospitalized patients. This study was to identify the cost determinants and establish a case-mix classification of the post-acute care system for stroke patients in China.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 5401 post-acute stroke patients in seven hospitals of Jinhua City from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected. Demographic characteristics, medical status, functional measures (eg, the Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, Gugging Swallowing Screen, Hamilton Depression Scale), and cost data were extracted. Generalized linear model (GLM) and quantile regression (QR) were conducted to determine the predictors of cost, and a case-mix classification model was established using the decision-tree analysis.

RESULTS: The GLM regression revealed that gender, tracheostomy, complication or comorbidity (CC), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive impairment were the main variables significantly affecting the hospitalization expenses of post-acute stroke patients. The QR model showed that the gender, tracheostomy and CC factors had a more significant impact on per diem costs on the upper quantiles. In contrast, cognitive impairment had a more substantial effect on the lower quantiles, and ADL significantly impacted the central quantile. Using tracheostomy, CC, and ADL as node variables of the regression tree, 12 classes were generated. The case-mix classification performed reliably and robustly, as measured by the reduction in the variation statistic (RIV=0.46) and class-specific coefficients of variation (CV less than 1.0; range: 0.18-0.81).

CONCLUSION: QR has strengths in comprehensively identifying cost predictors across cost groups. Tracheostomy, CC, and ADL significantly can predict the expenses of post-acute care for stroke patients. The established case-mix classification system can inform the future payment policy of post-acute care in China.

PMID:35620736 | PMC:PMC9128830 | DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S361385

Syst Rev. 2022 May 26;11(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s13643-022-01977-6.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy results in maternal and fetal complications and could further impact offspring. The evidence regarding the association between regular weighing during the antenatal period and excessive weight gain is limited.

METHODS: We will systematically review individual and cluster randomized controlled trials that evaluated regular weighing as an intervention compared to weighing only at the first booking of the antenatal visit. Trials that assessed the effectiveness of exercise, diet, or other behavioral interventions will be excluded. Pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy and no preexisting health complications are eligible for the review. The primary outcome will be the proportion of women at term who exceed the upper limit of the target range of weight as defined by the guidelines or recommendations for the population. We will search MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (via EMBASE.com ), Scopus, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL via EBSCO), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the trial protocol registers, ClinicalTrials.gov , and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) search portal. Full-text articles, unpublished studies, and ongoing trials reported in any language will be included. Two review authors will independently examine and screen for eligible studies and extract data for synthesis.

DISCUSSION: We will discuss the effectiveness of regular weighing as a single intervention on reducing the proportion of women who have excessive gestational weight gain. This study will provide key information for countries to develop guidelines on antenatal care and strategies to tackle excessive gestational weight gain. We will create a “Summary of findings” table (Summary of findings table 1) according to the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020212581.

PMID:35619165 | DOI:10.1186/s13643-022-01977-6

J Cannabis Res. 2022 May 26;4(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s42238-022-00135-y.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cannabis is increasingly used for medical purposes, particularly in countries like Canada where cannabis was recently legalized for recreational use. We aimed to assess self-medication with cannabis post-cannabis legalization among adults in the Canadian province of Quebec.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional online survey of a self-selected convenience sample conducted in Quebec, Canada, from November 2020 to January 2021. Individuals aged ≥ 21 years who endorsed using cannabis bought in legal recreational cannabis stores to self-medicate a health condition were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stratified according to sex, age, and the type of cannabis use (exclusively medical versus medical and recreational use).

RESULTS: Four hundred eighty-nine participants were included. The median age was 34 years, and 48% were women. About 25% reported exclusive medical use of cannabis. Treated conditions included anxiety (70%), insomnia (56%), pain (53%), depression (37%), and many others. Reasons for not consulting in cannabis clinics included lack of information (52%), the complexity of the process (39%), accessibility of cannabis clinics (23%), and others. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dosage > 20% was reported by 32%. Smoking was the main route of use (81%). Possession of prescribed drugs was reported by 56%. Professionals consulted for information on cannabis included recreational cannabis store agents (36%), physicians (29%), and others. Overall, significant differences were observed for many of the comparisons according to sex, age, and the type of cannabis use.

CONCLUSIONS: Many conditions are self-medicated with cannabis. The use of high doses of cannabis, smoking as a preferred method of use, and concurrent use of other medications may pose some risks to individuals. Addressing the reported barriers to medical access to cannabis is urgently needed.

PMID:35619155 | DOI:10.1186/s42238-022-00135-y

Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 May 26;13(1):216. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02896-y.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) causes localized and distant tissue lesions. Multiple organ failure is a common complication of severe intestinal IRI, leading to its high rates of morbidity and mortality. Thus far, this is poorly treated, and there is an urgent need for new more efficacious treatments. This study evaluated the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy on intestinal IRI using many animal experiments.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature search from 4 databases: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of science. Primary outcomes included the survival rate, Chiu’s score, intestinal levels of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, as well as serum levels of DAO, D-Lactate, and TNF-α. Statistical analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3.

RESULTS: It included Eighteen eligible researches in the final analysis. We demonstrated that survival rates in animals following intestinal IRI were higher with MSCs treatment compared to vehicle treatment. Besides, MSCs treatment attenuated intestinal injury caused by IRI, characterized by lower Chiu’s score (- 1.96, 95% CI – 2.72 to – 1.19, P < 0.00001), less intestinal inflammation (IL-6 (- 2.73, 95% CI – 4.19 to – 1.27, P = 0.0002), TNF-α (- 3.00, 95% CI – 4.74 to – 1.26, P = 0.0007)) and oxidative stress (MDA (- 2.18, 95% CI – 3.17 to – 1.19, P < 0.0001)), and decreased serum levels of DAO (- 1.39, 95% CI – 2.07 to – 0.72, P < 0.0001), D-Lactate (- 1.54, 95% CI – 2.18 to – 0.90, P < 0.00001) and TNF-α (- 2.42, 95% CI – 3.45 to – 1.40, P < 0.00001). The possible mechanism for MSCs to treat intestinal IRI might be through reducing inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress, as well as inhibiting the apoptosis and pyroptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these studies revealed that MSCs as a promising new treatment for intestinal IRI, and the mechanism of which may be associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. However, further studies will be required to confirm these findings.

PMID:35619154 | DOI:10.1186/s13287-022-02896-y

Thromb J. 2022 May 26;20(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12959-022-00389-9.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: For stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been increasingly prescribed instead of vitamin-K-antagonists (VKA). For some patients a lower dosage of DOACs (ld-DOACs) is recommended. Ld-DOAC prescribing seems to be common, although previous studies did not show clear superiority of ld-DOACs over warfarin. In Germany, phenprocoumon is used almost exclusively as VKA. Randomized controlled trials comparing DOACs and phenprocoumon in the general population of patients with AF do not exist. Therefore, we aimed to compare ld-DOACs and phenprocoumon in a real-world setting in Germany.

METHODS: In a retrospective observational cohort study, claims data from a group of small to medium-sized health insurance companies were analysed. Risks for the outcomes thromboembolism, death and major bleeding were estimated by Cox regression. Out of 93,685 patients with atrial fibrillation and a first prescription of an oral anticoagulant, 20,179 receiving VKA and 21,724 ld-DOACs (29.6% of all DOAC patients) were included. For the sensitivity analysis phenprocoumon was compared to the five ld-DOAC groups (ld-apixaban, ld-dabigatran, ld-edoxaban, ld-rivaroxaban, and the composite of all ld-DOACs) after propensity-score matching.

RESULTS: Phenprocoumon was associated with statistically significant fewer thromboembolic events (HR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.13, 1.48], p < .001) and deaths (HR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.41, 1.63], p < .001) and a non-significant higher bleeding risk (HR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.79, 1.00], p = .051) than composite ld-DOAC. Regarding the subgroups, only patients with ld-apixaban had a statistically significant higher risk for thromboembolic events (HR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.21, 1.65], p < .001) and a lower bleeding risk (HR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.65, 0.86], p < .001). Ld-apixaban, ld-edoxaban, and ld-rivaroxaban were associated with a higher risk of death. The sensitivity analysis confirmed these associations.

CONCLUSION: Phenprocoumon seems to be superior to ld-DOACs for patients with AF. As a hypothesis phenprocoumon might turn out to be the wiser choice for high-risk patients with AF as compared to ld-DOACs, especially regarding thromboembolic events and death. Therefore, RCTs comparing ld-DOACs with phenprocoumon are needed.

PMID:35619140 | DOI:10.1186/s12959-022-00389-9