Tag: pubmed

J Oral Implantol. 2022 Jul 26. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00034. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate primary stability of 3.7 mm diameter porous tantalum Trabecular MetalTM (TMTM) implant, and compare it to fully threaded implants, in the in vitro model of immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla. A total of sixty implants were placed into bovine ribs using surgical guides. Implants were divided in three groups of twenty according to the design: TMTM, Tapered Screw-Vent® (TSV®) and NobelReplace®. To simulate immediate placement in anterior maxilla, implants were placed under a sharp angle towards the ribs, not fully submerged. Placement angle of 20.7 degrees was calculated after analysis of 148 virtually planned implants on CBCT scans of 40 patients. No statistically significant difference in implant stability quotient (ISQ) was found between TMTM (65.8 ± 2.6,), TSV® (64.7 ± 2.7) and NobelReplace® (64.6 ± 2.7). TSV® implants achieved higher insertion torque (37.0 ± 4.8 Ncm) than TMTM (32.9 ± 5.2 Ncm) and NobelReplace® (23.2 ± 3.3 Ncm). TSV® had shortest insertion time of 13.5 ± 1.0 seconds, compared to 15.2 ± 1.2 seconds for TMTM, and 19.7 ± 1.7 seconds for NobelReplace®. Pearson correlation analysis showed significantly correlated insertion torque and ISQ values for TMTM group (P=0.011, r=0.56), a non-significant correlation was found for TSV® and NobelReplace®. The results of the present study indicate that TMTM implant can achieve good primary implant stability in terms of insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis.

PMID:35881824 | DOI:10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00034

J Oral Implantol. 2022 Jul 26. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00159. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Research regarding bone density assessment using cone beam computed tomography in low bone density regions is sparse. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the predictability of cone beam computed tomography for low bone density regions and its correlations with primary implant stability when placing tapered design implants with a stepped osteotomy. Eighteen porcine mandibular condyles were used as simulated low bone density regions. Hounsfield units (HU), obtained via multislice computed tomography, and gray values (GV), obtained via cone beam computed tomography, were measured three times at one-month intervals. The maximum implant insertion torque (MIT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were recorded as the taper design implants were placed using a stepped osteotomy. HU and GV were measured as 335.05-803.07 and 389.98-906.40, respectively. For repeated measurements of HU and GV, the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.989 and 0.980; the corresponding value for mean HU and GV was 0.768. Bland-Altman plots showed a mean difference between HU and GV of -78.15. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed a strong correlation between HU and GV (r=0.91, p<0.01). The mean ± standard deviation values for MIT and ISQ were 36.44 ± 6.64 Ncm and 80.85 ± 2.03, respectively, but no statistically significant correlations were found with GV and HU. Within the study’s limitations, GV showed similar bone density estimation compared to HU in soft bones. Tapered implant placement with a stepped osteotomy achieved stable primary implant stability in soft bones. However, these in vitro results need to be approved in further clinical studies.

PMID:35881816 | DOI:10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00159

J Oral Implantol. 2022 Jul 26. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00186. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The role of systemic diseases in the development and progression of peri-implantitis remains unclear and requires discussion from various perspectives. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate whether the types of systemic diseases affecting the time of onset of peri-implantitis. The cohort consisted of patients who underwent maintenance implant treatment between January 1998 and June 2020. Information on age, sex, history of periodontal disease, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), systemic diseases, implant placement sites, and diagnosis of peri-implantitis were extracted. The relationships between the time of onset of peri-implantitis and the medical history of systemic diseases were determined statistically by applying the Kaplan-Meier analysis method and log-rank test. A total of 216 implants in 89 patients (34 male and 55 female) were included in this study. The average patient age was 53.9 ± 11.8 years at the first visit, and the mean duration of maintenance was 7 years and 4 months. A total of 43 patients had medical histories and were assigned to the systemic disease group. In this group, the overall prevalence of peri-implantitis was 25.4% (29 of 114 implants). The medical history of systemic diseases (odds ratio [OR] 6.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.37-19.9) and dental history of periodontitis (OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.25-10.6) were assessed as risk factors for peri-implantitis. A significant difference in the time of onset of peri-implantitis was confirmed between patients with systemic disease and healthy patients. Dabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and hypertension had a significant impact on the earlier onset of peri-implantitis.

PMID:35881819 | DOI:10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00186

J Oral Implantol. 2022 Jul 26. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00310. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This systematic review aimed to evaluate computed tomographic scans for volumetric bone gain following lateral sinus floor augmentation of the atrophic posterior maxilla after the use of various bone-grafting materials using. The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and SCOPUS were used for a comprehensive search for all potentially eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), without language restrictions, from the beginning of each database until June 2021. The predictor variables for this review were autogenous bone (AB), allografts (AG), xenografts (XG), alloplastic bone (AP), which were assessed individually, and in combination with the inclusion of growth factors with XGs. The outcome variable was the graft volume on cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans. Seven RCTs with a short-term observation period were included. Topographical analyses of all graft materials identified a volumetric reduction at 6 months post-grafting, compared to values immediately after graft placement. The volumetric reduction occurred regardless of the type of bone-grafting material. The largest volumetric gain over baseline, pre-graft values, was found with the AG+XG group. Autografts, the present gold standard bone-graft, showed a high resorption rate and inferior volumetric increase when compared to alternative grafting combinations. AG and XG also showed a significant difference with less volumetric gain than AP and their combinations. No difference was detected between AP and AG+AP. However, there was significantly less volumetric gain for AP alone compared AG+XG and XG-growth factors combinations. As a result, these findings suggest significant advantages to new bone formation using grafting materials in combination. To achieve a better understanding of topographical variables related to various grafting materials, more clinically focused RCTs, with sufficient statistical power to control for confounding factors, are needed.

PMID:35881815 | DOI:10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00310

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 2;119(31):e2203078119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2203078119. Epub 2022 Jul 26.

ABSTRACT

The transcription-translation negative feedback loops underlying animal and fungal circadian clocks are remarkably similar in their molecular regulatory architecture and, although much is understood about their central mechanism, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the gene products involved. A common feature of these circadian oscillators is a significant temporal delay between rhythmic accumulation of clock messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding negative arm proteins, for example, frq in Neurospora and Per1-3 in mammals, and the appearance of the clock protein complexes assembled from the proteins they encode. Here, we report use of single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) to show that the fraction of nuclei actively transcribing the clock gene frq changes in a circadian manner, and that these mRNAs cycle in abundance with fewer than five transcripts per nucleus at any time. Spatial point patterning statistics reveal that frq is spatially clustered near nuclei in a time of day-dependent manner and that clustering requires an RNA-binding protein, PRD-2 (PERIOD-2), recently shown also to bind to mRNA encoding another core clock component, casein kinase 1. An intrinsically disordered protein, PRD-2 displays behavior in vivo and in vitro consistent with participation in biomolecular condensates. These data are consistent with a role for phase-separating RNA-binding proteins in spatiotemporally organizing clock mRNAs to facilitate local translation and assembly of clock protein complexes.

PMID:35881801 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2203078119

J Oral Implantol. 2022 Jul 26. doi: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00021. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study was done to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies on the efficacy of acellular dermal matrix in increasing the Soft Tissue Thickness (STT) and Keratinized Mucosal Width (KMW) around dental implants. The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched by July 2020 to retrieve relevant studies. Depending upon the heterogeneity of included studies, the Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval was calculated using either fixed or random-effects model. Based on the meta-analysis of 6 studies, the effect of acellular dermal matrix on STT and KMW was significant (WMD: 1.07 (95%CI: 0.34, 1.79) P=0.004, and WMD: 1.99 (95%CI: 0.88, 3.09), P<0.001, respectively). Further, a comparison between the efficacy of the acellular dermal matrix and the control group, which included the autogenous soft tissue augmentation techniques, showed no statistically significant differences between groups (STT: WMD: 0.24 (95%CI: -0.26, 0.74) P=0.161 and KMW: WMD: -0.23 (95%CI: -0.68, 0.22), P=0.324). The subgroup analysis showed that simultaneous augmentation and implant placement were increased by 0.23 mm in the KMW, and the placement of acellular dermal matrix around loaded implants caused 0.5 mm decrease in the KMW, which was not statistically significant. Accordingly, it is possible to substitute acellular dermal matrix for soft tissue augmentation around dental implants..

PMID:35881814 | DOI:10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00021

Physiology (Bethesda). 2022 Jul 26. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2022. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This review focuses on the physiology of glymphatic solute transport and waste clearance, using evidence from experimental animal models as well as from human studies. Specific topics we will address include the biophysical characteristics of fluid and solute transport in the central nervous system, glymphatic-lymphatic coupling as well as the role of cerebrospinal fluid movement for brain waste clearance. We also discuss the current understanding of mechanisms underlying increased clearance during sleep.

PMID:35881783 | DOI:10.1152/physiol.00015.2022

Dev Neurorehabil. 2022 Jul 26:1-12. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2099994. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Fatigue in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) is common. However, to better target fatigue, clear ways to categorize/interpret fatigue-severity in individual patients are lacking. This study aims to determine/categorize fatigue severity among children, adolescents, and young adults with ABI.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included young patients admitted to outpatient rehabilitation and their parents. To determine fatigue, the PedsQL™Multidimensional-Fatigue-Scale was used (MFS, scores 0-100, lower scores = higher fatigue, patient-/parent-reported). Based on scores from a reference population, four categories were formed: “1 = no/little fatigued” to “4 = severely-more fatigued.”

RESULTS: All scores were lower than those from the reference population, with comparisons in the adolescent and young adult groups reaching statistical significance (p < .05). The proportions of patients in category 4 were: 9%/50%/58% among children/adolescents/young adults, showing that many patients were “severely-more fatigued”-than the reference population.

CONCLUSIONS: Measuring fatigue and categorizing fatigue severity looks promising for clinical practice and could help to better target fatigue.

PMID:35881762 | DOI:10.1080/17518423.2022.2099994

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022 Jul 26:1-16. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2022.11220. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether prior analyses, where there was a relationship between altitude and concussion rates in American football, would replicate using a larger data set and altitude as a continuous variable.

DESIGN: Cohort study replication.

METHODS: We analyzed data from all NFL regular season games from 2012-19. Concussions were identified from public databases and NFL injury reports. The altitude of each stadium was identified using mapping software. Concussion rates were calculated for each stadium and plotted against continuous altitude. We calculated crude rate ratios for several categorical cutpoints and used logistic and Poisson regression models to assess associations with continuous altitudes.

RESULTS: We identified 867 players (1,103 player-seasons) who sustained 1,159 concussions during the time period 2012 to 2019. All continuous plots and models showed no evidence of any association between concussions and altitude. A Poisson model found an IRR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.01) for every 100 ft increase in altitude. A 644 ft cutpoint (used in previous studies) produced a significant difference (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54-0.94) in 2012-13, but this did not replicate in 2014-19 (0.99, 95% CI: 0.84-1.14).

CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between altitude and concussion rates in the NFL when altitude was analyzed continuously rather than inappropriately categorized. Our findings should increase skepticism of any effect of altitude on concussions at the elevations at which most American football is played as well as clinical interventions based on that theory. It also underscores the importance of keeping continuous variables continuous wherever possible.

PMID:35881704 | DOI:10.2519/jospt.2022.11220

NCHS Data Brief. 2022 Jul;(440):1-8.

ABSTRACT

Drug overdose death rates, which have been rising over the past decade, differ by urban and rural counties across the United States (1-4). A previous report demonstrated higher drug overdose death rates in urban counties by various demographic and geographic characteristics (4). This report uses the most recent final mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to describe urban and rural differences in drug overdose death rates in 2020 by sex, race and Hispanic origin, and selected types of opioids and stimulants.

PMID:35881473