Tag: pubmed

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14841. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) and ablative 2.940 nm erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser on dynamic changes in collagen by quantitative analysis of type I collagen (Col I) and type III collagen (Col III), transforming growth factor (TGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the dermis of rabbits.

METHODS: Backs of ten rabbits were divided into four treatment areas: IPL normal energy group, IPL high energy group, erbium laser normal energy group and erbium laser high energy group. HE staining was performed immediately after the first treatment and two weeks after the first treatment. Col I, Col III, TGF-β1 and MMP-1 were collected by real-time PCR at baseline, 2 weeks after each session and three months after the entire treatment monthly.

RESULTS: HE staining showed that collagen fibers in the superficial layer of the dermis in the four treatment groups were increased and thickened to different degrees. Real-time PCR showed that statistically differences were noted in each checkpoint before and after treatments in the four groups, whereas no significant difference in the change in the four biomarkers was found among the four treatment groups.

CONCLUSION: Both the IPL and Er:YAG laser can effectively upregulate collagens, but in this experiment, there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect among the four irradiation groups. Moreover, the high energy level group tended to bring more serious epidermal injury.

PMID:35150199 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14841

Ann Neurol. 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1002/ana.26324. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To obtain individual clinical and neuroimaging data of patients undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation for essential tremor from five different European centers to identify predictors of outcome and to identify an optimal stimulation site.

METHODS: We analysed retrospectively baseline covariates, pre- and postoperative clinical tremor scores (12-month) as well as individual imaging data from 119 patients to obtain individual electrode positions and stimulation volumes. Individual imaging and clinical data was used to calculate a probabilistic stimulation map in normalized space using voxel-wise statistical analysis. Finally, we used this map to train a classifier to predict tremor improvement.

RESULTS: Probabilistic mapping of stimulation effects yielded a statistically significant cluster that was associated with a tremor improvement greater than 50%. This cluster of optimal stimulation extended from the posterior subthalamic area to the ventralis intermedius nucleus and coincided with a normative structural-connectivity-based cerebello-thalamic tract (CTT). The combined features “distance between the stimulation volume and the significant cluster” and “CTT activation” were used as a predictor of tremor improvement. This correctly classified a greater than 50% tremor improvement with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 57%.

INTERPRETATION: Our multicentre ET probabilistic stimulation map identified an area of optimal stimulation along the course of the CTT. The results of this study are mainly descriptive until confirmed in independent datasets, ideally through prospective testing. This target will be made openly available and may be used to guide surgical planning and for computer-assisted programming of deep brain stimulation in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35150172 | DOI:10.1002/ana.26324

Dermatol Ther. 2022 Feb 12:e15376. doi: 10.1111/dth.15376. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Post acne scars following sebaceous injury and abnormal wound healing during the course of acne is a prevalent and challenging to treat condition.

AIM OF THE WORK: To evaluate microneedling by dermapen with topical vitamin C versus microneedling with topical insulin in treating atrophic post-acne scars.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A split -face comparative study included 30 subjects with atrophic post-acne scars. Human insulin was topically applied to the left side of the face and on the right side, vitamin C serum was applied. Scars were assessed via the Acne Scar Assessment Scale (ASAS) and Scar quartile grading scale (SQGS).

RESULTS: After one month of 4 treatments, a statistically significant mean improvement in ASAS value was reported on both split sides of the face (2.13 and 1.83) compared to baseline (3.03 and 2.93) (p=0.005; p=0.001 respectively). When compared to baseline, the mean ASAS value improved significantly with a slight more improvement on the vitamin c treated side CONCLUSION: Topical insulin and vitamin c combined with microneedling, may both achieve comparable significant improvement for treating post acne scars. Insulin can be a promising novel anti-scarring therapy pending larger controlled studies to verify its efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35150195 | DOI:10.1111/dth.15376

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/cen.14687. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of longitudinal weight gain from 0 to 4 years old on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels at 7 years old.

METHODS: DHEAS levels were measured at 7 years old in a subsample of 587 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Weight trajectories (0-4 years of age) were identified using model-based clustering and categorized as “normal weight gain”, “weight gain during infancy”, “weight gain during childhood” and “persistent weight gain”. Differences in DHEAS levels at age 7 between the four weight trajectories were analyzed through ANCOVA, adjusted for birth weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI).

RESULTS: In the crude analysis, compared with the “normal weight gain” trajectory [5.53 (95% CI: 5.10-5.98) µmol/L], DHEAS levels were significantly higher in children in the “persistent weight gain” [8.75 (95% CI: 7.23-10.49) µmol/L, p<0.001] and in children in the “weight gain during infancy” trajectories [7.68 (95% CI: 6.22-9.49) µmol/L, p=0.021], and marginally significant higher in children in the “weight gain during childhood” trajectory [6.89 (95% CI: 5.98-8.00) µmol/L; p=0.052]. In BW- and BMI-adjusted model, a statistically significant difference in DHEAS levels was found between the “persistent weight gain” [7.93 (95% CI: 6.43-9.86) µmol/L] and the “normal weight gain” trajectories [5.75 (95% CI: 5.32-6.23) µmol/L; p=0.039].

CONCLUSION: Higher DHEAS levels are found in 7-year-old children following a trajectory of persistent weight gain from 0-4 years, independently of their BW or current BMI, highlighting the impact of exposure to overweight in the first years of life on prepubertal adrenal androgen production. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35150162 | DOI:10.1111/cen.14687

J Prosthodont. 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13495. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare concentration and release kinetics of osteocalcin and crestal bone loss under immediate and delayed loading conditions during osseointegration.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients who were indicated for rehabilitation with dental implants randomly received either implant with placement of permanent prosthesis after 3 months (delayed loading) or implant with placement of permanent prosthesis within 7 days (immediate loading). Radiographic assessment of crestal bone loss at the mesial and distal surface was done at 3, 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Peri-implant sulcular fluid was collected immediately from the buccal surface at two sites after implant insertion and also, at 7, 15, 30 and 90 days after surgery. The level of osteocalcin was evaluated using ELISA and data were compared using two sample t-test. Differences between two groups were analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test. Intragroup comparison was done by repeated measures ANOVA.

RESULTS: Mean crestal bone loss was lower in the immediate loading group compared to the delayed loading group at 3, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.001). Intragroup comparison revealed a statistically significant increase in osteocalcin levels in both group I (F = 26712.2) and group II (F = 10497.2) at the predetermined time intervals CONCLUSIONS: Lesser crestal bone loss and early release of osteocalcin was found in the immediately loaded condition than in the delayed loaded condition. The study substantiates that immediately loaded implants shows less crestal bone as well as early release of osteocalcin facilitating upregulation of bone metabolism, improving long term health of bone and prognosis of implants. Immediately loaded implants can be a better treatment protocol provided there is adequate bone and primary stability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35150170 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13495

J Adv Nurs. 2022 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/jan.15185. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To examine the association between coping strategies and quality of life (QOL) among Thai family carers of persons living with dementia.

DESIGN: A descriptive correlational quantitative design.

METHODS: Data were collected between January 2021 and April 2021. A multi-pronged approach for recruitment was used. Participants completed measures assessing carer demographic characteristics, coping styles, QOL, perceived stress and perceived social support. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the association between types of coping strategies used and QOL scores, adjusting for carer characteristics and carers’ stress and social support.

RESULTS: There were 86 participants (mean age 52.84 years), and the majority were female (87.2%). After adjusting for covariates, hierarchical multiple regression revealed that only positive emotion-focused coping demonstrated a statistically significant association with total QOL scores. Problem-focused coping and negative emotion-focused coping were not significantly associated with total QOL scores of Thai family carers of persons living with dementia.

CONCLUSION: Positive emotion-focused coping was associated with improved QOL scores. This finding supports the use of positive emotion-focused coping in Thai family carers of persons living with dementia, which potentially could improve the QOL of this population.

IMPACT: It is essential to differentiate between positive and negative emotion-focused coping to generate valid estimates of the association between coping and QOL. Nurses should encourage carers to use positive emotion-focused coping strategies as these strategies were found to be helpful in enhancing carers’ QOL.

PMID:35150154 | DOI:10.1111/jan.15185

J Osteopath Med. 2022 Feb 14. doi: 10.1515/jom-2021-0206. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Management remains controversial due to the risk of upgrade for malignancy from flat epithelial atypia (FEA). Data about the frequency and malignancy upgrade rates are scant. Namely, observational follow-up is advised by many studies in cases of pure FEA on core biopsy and in the absence of an additional surgical excision. For cases of pure FEA, the American College of Surgeons no longer recommends surgical excision but rather recommends observation with clinical and imaging follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to calculate the pooled upgrade of pure FEA following core needle biopsies.

METHODS: A search of MEDLINE and Embase databases were conducted in December 2020. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A fixed- or random-effects model was utilized. Heterogeneity among studies was estimated by utilizing the I2 statistic and considered high if the I2 was greater than 50%. The random-effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird method was utilized to calculate the pooled upgrade rate and its 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS: A total of 1924 pure FEA were analyzed among 59 included studies. The overall pooled upgrade rate to malignancy was 8.8%. The pooled upgrade rate for mammography only was 8.9%. The pooled upgrade rate for ultrasound was 14%. The pooled upgrade rate for mammography and ultrasound combined was 8.8%. The pooled upgrade rate for MRI-only cases was 27.3%.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the guidelines for the management of pure FEA are variable, our data support that pure FEA diagnosed at core needle biopsy should undergo surgical excision since the upgrade rate >2%.

PMID:35150124 | DOI:10.1515/jom-2021-0206

J Perinat Med. 2022 Feb 14. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0429. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Instagram (IG) is becoming one of the larger resource tools within medicine. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is becoming important for programs to improve virtual presence and outreach. We evaluated the adoption of IG by OB/GYN residency programs in the United States and aimed to see if highly ranked programs had higher utilization rates.

METHODS: IG presence and engagement metrics were extracted for all ACGME accredited OB/GYN programs. Doximity residency navigator tool was used to obtain nationwide program rankings, and statistical analysis was performed to prove any significant correlation. Mann-Whitney U test, Cochran-Armitage test and Analysis of variance were used for analysis. IRB exemption was obtained.

RESULTS: Seventy percent of programs (202/287) have IG presence, with the majority creating presence after the COVID pandemic began (115/202; 57%). Seventy-two percent (83/115) of these programs created their IG account once virtual interviews were announced. The top 25% of programs, as ranked on Doximity, have a higher number of posts, followers and likes when compared to the rest of the programs.

CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased adoption of IG by residency programs. Highly ranked and reputed programs have higher rates of activity, popularity, and engagement on IG.

PMID:35150125 | DOI:10.1515/jpm-2021-0429

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 30;46(1):108-113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.023.

ABSTRACT

To study an automatic plan(AP) method for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery based on TiGRT system and and compare with manual plan (MP). The dosimetry parameters of 10 patients and the evaluation of scoring table were analyzed, it was found that the targets dose of AP were better than that of MP, but there was no statistical difference except for CI, The V5, V20 and V30 of affected lungs and whole lungs in AP were lower than all that in MP, the Dmean of hearts was slightly higher than that of MP, but the difference was not statistically significant, the MU of AP was increase by 16.1% compared with MP, the score of AP evaluation was increase by 6.1% compared with MP. So the AP could be programmed and automated while ensuring the quality of the plan, and can be used to design the plans for radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.

PMID:35150120 | DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.023

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 30;46(1):21-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.005.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the static balance ability of human body based on lower limb rehabilitation robot.According to the balance parameters obtained from the movement trajectory of the center of human pelvis, SPSS statistical software was used to verify that there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Principal component analysis is used to allocate the weight of each parameter and establish the comprehensive evaluation value. The comprehensive evaluation value of the control group was 0.383±0.038, and the experimental group was 0.875±0.136. When the subject’s comprehensive evaluation value is between 0.739 and 1.011, it indicates the presence of balance dysfunction, and when it is between 0.345~0.421, it indicates that the balance of the lower limbs of the subject is normal. Experimental results show that this evaluation method can objectively and quantitatively reflect the static equilibrium state of human body.

PMID:35150102 | DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.01.005