Tag: pubmed

Vox Sang. 2022 Jun 15. doi: 10.1111/vox.13328. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To protect transfusion recipients from transfusion-transmissible infections, blood donors are deferred from donating after recent tattooing or piercing. To explore to what extent and how this deferral impacts donor availability, we performed an international study to investigate how many donors were deferred for a recent tattoo or piercing and how many of these donors returned to donate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We surveyed blood centre members of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative and the European Blood Alliance Donor Studies Working Group on their numbers of donations, tattoo and piercing deferrals, and return rates in the year 2017.

RESULTS: Eight blood centres participated. Overall, deferral rates were lower for repeat donors compared to new donors. Repeat donors were more likely to return than new donors. Women and young donors were more often deferred than male and older donors. Men were more demotivated by tattoo or piercing deferral, resulting in lower return rates compared to women. Return rates differed greatly between blood centres.

CONCLUSION: Tattoo and piercing deferrals lead to missed donations and result in lower return rates. However, the numbers vary largely internationally, probably due to cultural and policy differences. Shortening deferral periods after tattooing or piercing may reduce the impact on donor availability, which should be investigated in single-centre studies.

PMID:35706056 | DOI:10.1111/vox.13328

Chin Med. 2022 Jun 15;17(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13020-022-00632-5.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and refractory autoimmune disease. Deficiency pattern (DP) and excess pattern (EP), as crucial types of Chinese medicine pattern diagnoses published by International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), could provide new strategies for RA diagnosis. However, the biological basis of DP and EP of RA is not explicit.

METHODS: 19 female RA DP patients, 41 female RA EP patients and 30 female healthy participants were included in the study. The serums of participants were collected and analyzed by metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to profile metabolic characteristics of RA DP and EP. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis results were obtained by using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and statistical analysis was performed by SAS version 9.4 for further identification of potential biomarkers.

RESULTS: Serum metabolic profiling revealed 25 and 24 differential metabolites in RA DP and EP respectively, and 19 metabolites were common to RA DP and EP. Compared with DP group, L-Homocysteic acid, LysoPE(P-16:0/0:0), N(omega)-Hydroxyarginine and LysoPC(16:0/0:0) decreased (P < 0.05), and Pyruvic acid, D-Ribose, Gamma-Glutamylserine, PE(22:0/24:1(15Z)), Inosinic acid increased (P < 0.05) in EP group. Menawhile, S-Nitrosoglutathione, 5-Thymidylic acid, SN38 glucuronide, PE(22:0/24:0), PC(24:0/24:1(15Z)) and Bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate increased significantly in DP group compared to EP group (P < 0.05). For the unique metabolites, bioinformatics analysis results showed that 5-Methoxytryptamine involved in Melatonin Degradation II and Superpathway of Melatonin Degradation is the key metabolite to RA DP. Meanwhile, GABA is the key metabolite in EP group, which involved in Glutamate Dependent Acid Resistance, GABA Receptor Signaling, Glutamate Degradation III (via 4-aminobutyrate) and 4-aminobutyrate Degradation I. Bioinformatics analysis between unique metabolites of RA DP and EP groups with human target genes for RA showed that 5-methoxytryptamine and LysoPC(18:1(9Z)/0:0), the unique metabolites of RA DP, might participate in colorectal cancer metastasis signaling, tumor microenvironment pathway, apoptosis signaling, MYC mediated apoptosis signaling, erythropoietin signaling pathway and LXR/RXR activation. Simultaneously, GABA, LysoPA(18:1(9Z)/0:0) and L-Targinine, the unique metabolites of RA EP, might participate in neuroinflammation signaling pathway, osteoarthritis pathway, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, ILK signaling, IL-17 signaling and HIF1α signaling.

CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that serum metabolomics preliminarily revealed the biological basis of RA DP and EP. 5-methoxytryptamine, LysoPC(18:1(9Z)/0:0) and GABA, LysoPA(18:1(9Z)/0:0), L-Targinine might be the predictors to distinguish the DP and EP of RA respectively. These interesting results provide thoughts for further study of traditional medicine patterns of ICD-11. It also contributes to provide strategy for personalized precision treatment of RA and further validation is needed.

PMID:35706052 | DOI:10.1186/s13020-022-00632-5

Gut Pathog. 2022 Jun 15;14(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13099-022-00501-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Composition of gut microbiota has recently been suggested as a key factor persuading the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases including hepatic cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum microbiota on the progression of hepatic histopathological changes among patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection with different viral load. Additionally, to assess fecal composition of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC-4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC-11863 microbiota genotypes MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 40 non-cirrhotic chronically infected HCV patients, and 10 healthy-controls. Liver biopsy and HCV genomic viral load were assessed for all patients after full clinical examination. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC-4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC-11863 microbiota were assessed in all fecal samples using PCR assay, after counting total lactic acid bacteria.

RESULTS: There was a significantly higher difference between the count of both total lactic acid and Lactobacillus acidophilus of healthy controls compared to patients (P-value < 0.001). Though the count of total lactic acid bacteria, and Lactobacillus acidophilus were higher in the cases with early stage of fibrosis (score ≤ 1) compared to those with score > 1, there were no statistically significant differences with both the serum level of hepatitis C viremia (P = 0.850 and 0.977 respectively) and the score of fibrosis (P = 0.246 and 0.260 respectively). Genotypic analysis for the composition of the studied microbiota revealed that diversity was higher in healthy controls compared to patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The progression of hepatic fibrosis in HCV chronically infected patients seems to be plausible based on finding the altered Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum gut microbiota composition. Thus, modulation of these microbiota seems to be a promising target for prevention and control of HCV infection.

PMID:35706051 | DOI:10.1186/s13099-022-00501-4

Biol Sex Differ. 2022 Jun 15;13(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s13293-022-00440-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The sexual dimorphism represents one of the triggers of the metabolic disparities between the organisms, advising about wild implications in research or diagnostics contexts. Despite the mounting recognition of the importance of sex consideration in the biomedical fields, the identification of male- and female-specific metabolic signatures has not been achieved.

MAIN BODY: This review pointed the focus on the metabolic differences related to the sex, evidenced by metabolomics studies performed on healthy populations, with the leading aim of understanding how the sex influences the baseline metabolome. The main shared signatures and the apparent dissimilarities between males and females were extracted and highlighted from the metabolome of the most commonly analyzed biological fluids, such as serum, plasma, and urine. Furthermore, the influence of age and the significant interactions between sex and age have been taken into account.

CONCLUSIONS: The recognition of sex patterns in human metabolomics has been defined in diverse biofluids. The detection of sex- and age-related differences in the metabolome of healthy individuals are helpful for translational applications from the bench to the bedside to set targeted diagnostic and prevention approaches in the context of personalized medicine.

PMID:35706042 | DOI:10.1186/s13293-022-00440-4

Genome Biol. 2022 Jun 15;23(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02688-w.

ABSTRACT

A challenge in bulk gene differential expression analysis is to differentiate changes due to cell type-specific gene expression and cell type proportions. SCADIE is an iterative algorithm that simultaneously estimates cell type-specific gene expression profiles and cell type proportions, and performs cell type-specific differential expression analysis at the group level. Through its unique penalty and objective function, SCADIE more accurately identifies cell type-specific differentially expressed genes than existing methods, including those that may be missed from single cell RNA-Seq data. SCADIE has robust performance with respect to the choice of deconvolution methods and the sources and quality of input data.

PMID:35706040 | DOI:10.1186/s13059-022-02688-w

BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 15;22(1):401. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04048-1.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: ADHD is classically seen as a childhood disease, although it persists in one out of two cases in adults. The diagnosis is based on a long and multidisciplinary process, involving different health professionals, leading to an under-diagnosis of adult ADHD individuals. We therefore present a psychometric screening scale for the identification of adult ADHD which could be used both in clinical and experimental settings.

METHOD: We designed the scale from the DSM-5 and administered it to n = 110 control individuals and n = 110 ADHD individuals. The number of items was reduced using multiple regression procedures. We then performed factorial analyses and a machine learning assessment of the predictive power of the scale in comparison with other clinical scales measuring common ADHD comorbidities.

RESULTS: Internal consistency coefficients were calculated satisfactorily for TRAQ10, with Cronbach’s alpha measured at .9. The 2-factor model tested was confirmed, a high correlation between the items and their belonging factor. Finally, a machine-learning analysis showed that classification algorithms could identify subjects’ group membership with high accuracy, statistically superior to the performances obtained using comorbidity scales.

CONCLUSIONS: The scale showed sufficient performance for its use in clinical and experimental settings for hypothesis testing or screening purpose, although its generalizability is limited by the age and gender biases present in the data analyzed.

PMID:35706020 | DOI:10.1186/s12888-022-04048-1

BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 15;22(1):402. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04053-4.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The recent WHO data reported that a high treatment gap for behavioral illnesses (70%) in low- and- middle-income countries and the mortality rate of aggressive behavior reaches up to 32.1 per 100,000 populations in the region. However, the magnitude of aggressive behavior is not well stated in resource-limited settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of aggressive behavior among adults with problematic substance use in northwest Ethiopia.

METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from January to March 2019. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to screen a total of 4028 adults for problematic substance use by using the Cutdown, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener questionnaire (CAGE AID). Finally, 838 participants were positive for problematic substance use and interviewed for aggressive behavior using a modified overt aggression scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to show the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. A multilevel binary logistic regressions model was employed for the hierarchical structure of two-level data for the individual and woreda/district levels.

RESULTS: The prevalence of aggressive behavior was found to be 37.9% (301/795, 95% CI: 34.5, 41.3). Stressful life events (AOR = 2.209, 95 CI; 1.423, 3.429), family history of mental illness (AOR = 4.038, 95 CI; 2.046, 7.971), comorbid physical illness (AOR = 2.01, 95 CI; 1.332, 3.032) and depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.342, 95 CI; 1.686, 3.253) were associated with aggressive behavior among individual with problem substance use.

CONCLUSION: Aggressive behavior was found to be high among problematic substance uses. An individual with problematic substance use is recommended to be screened by health extension workers for aggressive behavior at the community level.

PMID:35706009 | DOI:10.1186/s12888-022-04053-4

J Orthop Surg Res. 2022 Jun 15;17(1):317. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03209-y.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of combining a customized mold with frozen conventional clamps against other freezing and non-freezing methods.

METHODS: Forty-five porcine and 45 chicken tendons were evenly divided into five groups (n = 9 + 9/group): control group, non-freezing with gauze placed between tendon and clamp (gauze), non-freezing with suture fixation at tendon ends (suture), freezing with dry ice pocket placed at the clamps (pocket), and freezing using a templated liquid nitrogen clamp with a customized mold (mold). Tension tests were used to measure failure modes and loads.

RESULT: Slippage and avulsion were observed in non-freezing groups with significantly lower failure loads compared to freezing methods. With freezing, rupture occurred near the central point only in the mold group. The failure loads for porcine tendons in the mold group were higher (2121.651 ± 73.101 N) than the pocket group (1746.337 ± 68.849 N). The failure loads of chicken tendons in the mold (243.552 ± 15.881 N) and pocket groups (260.647 ± 22.161 N) were not statistically different.

CONCLUSION: Freezing clamps represent the better choice for soft tissue clamping. The customized mold method could improve gripping effectiveness.

PMID:35706018 | DOI:10.1186/s13018-022-03209-y

BMC Res Notes. 2022 Jun 15;15(1):206. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06087-z.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the development of the thoracic cross-section at the nipple line level during the early stages of life. Unlike the descriptive awareness regarding chest development course, there exist no quantitative references concerning shape, circumference and possible dependencies to age, gender or body weight. The proposed mathematical relations are expected to help create guidelines for more realistic modelling and potential detection of abnormalities. One potential application is lung electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring where accurate chest models are crucial in both extracting reliable parameters for regional ventilation function and design of EIT belts. Despite their importance, such reference data is not readily available for the younger age range due to insufficient data amid the regulations of neonatal imaging.

RESULTS: Chest circumference shows the highest correlation to body weight following the relation [Formula: see text] where x is the body weight in grams and f(x) is the chest circumference in cm at the nipple line level. No statistically significant difference in chest circumference between genders was detected. However, the shape indicated signs of both age and gender dependencies with on average boys developing a more rectangular shape than girls from the age of 1 years and 9 months.

PMID:35705999 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-022-06087-z

BMC Res Notes. 2022 Jun 15;15(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06093-1.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the aim was to compare the performance of four spatiotemporal decomposition algorithms (stICA, stJADE, stSOBI, and sPCA) and parameters for identifying single motor units in human skeletal muscle under voluntary isometric contractions in ultrafast ultrasound image sequences as an extension of a previous study. The performance was quantified using two measures: (1) the similarity of components’ temporal characteristics against gold standard needle electromyography recordings and (2) the agreement of detected sets of components between the different algorithms.

RESULTS: We found that out of these four algorithms, no algorithm significantly improved the motor unit identification success compared to stICA using spatial information, which was the best together with stSOBI using either spatial or temporal information. Moreover, there was a strong agreement of detected sets of components between the different algorithms. However, stJADE (using temporal information) provided with complementary successful detections. These results suggest that the choice of decomposition algorithm is not critical, but there may be a methodological improvement potential to detect more motor units.

PMID:35705997 | DOI:10.1186/s13104-022-06093-1