Tag: pubmed

Codas. 2022 Jan 7;34(3):e20210057. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212021057. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Develop new lists of monosyllables for conducting logoaudiometric tests in Portuguese, perform content validation, considering ear side and education and check the equivalence between the lists.

METHODS: Were selected 125 monosyllables with different syllabic structures, which were submitted to the content validation process, which included judgment on familiarity, organization of lists, recording of material and auditory recognition. After content validation, the monosyllable lists were subjected to equivalence research, in order to obtain evidence of reliability for the proposed test instrument.

RESULTS: Five lists with 25 monosyllables were elaborated and analyzed for content, of these, four lists were validated. There was no statistically significant difference between the responses obtained in the right and left ears. The education of the subjects did not influence the recognition of words. As for the equivalence search, it was found that two lists were equivalent, one not equivalent, but similar and one list was different from the others, and then excluded.

CONCLUSION: Two monosyllable lists were validated for content and considered equivalent, with the same level of difficulty between them, and one list was considered similar, which can be used as training to apply the test on the audiological battery. The validated lists were not influenced by ear and education.

PMID:35019086 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20212021057

Braz J Biol. 2022 Jan 5;84:e253555. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.253555. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBC’s 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBC’s 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.

PMID:35019098 | DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.253555

Codas. 2022 Jan 7;34(3):e20210019. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212021019. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the air-conduction hearing thresholds obtained with different acoustic transducers and verify the users’ preferences regarding them.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study with 26 participants aged 18 to 30 years, with normal hearing and no history of exposure to high sound pressure levels or complaints of tinnitus at the time of the assessment. We surveyed their medical history and performed meatoscopy, pure-tone threshold audiometry, speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance. The auditory thresholds were surveyed twice, each time with a different type of acoustic transducer: insert (E-A-RTONE) and circumaural earphones (HDA200). The assessments were performed in a random order, with 5-minute intervals. In the end, we asked the participants which earphones they found more comfortable in the tests. The data were submitted to nonparametric statistical analysis.

RESULTS: Assessing the medians in the auditory threshold survey, the circumaural earphones obtained better results at 250, 500, 2000, and 6000 Hz, while the insert earphones were better at 3000 and 4000 Hz; there were no statistical differences at 1000 and 8000 Hz. The circumaural was elected the most comfortable earphone.

CONCLUSION: The circumaural earphones had better auditory thresholds at 250, 500, 2000, and 6000 Hz than the insert earphones and were reported by the patients as the most comfortable type of transducer.

PMID:35019084 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20212021019

Codas. 2022 Jan 7;34(3):e20200207. doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212020207. eCollection 2022.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the test-retest reliability of the Masking Level Difference in normal hearing female university students.

METHODS: Prospective descriptive study with 78 young female adults without hearing complaints, submitted to the compact disc version of the Masking Level Difference by Auditec of Saint Louis. The threshold was determined by the difference between signal-to-noise ratios at hearing thresholds found in the antiphasic and homophasic conditions. The test was applied by the same examiner in two moments (test and retest) with an interval of seven to 14 days between them. Inferential statistical analysis included comparison of test and retest situations using Student’s t test for paired samples, calculation of the intraclass correlation coefficient and calculation of 95% confidence intervals for signal-to-noise ratios at hearing thresholds found in the antiphasic and homophasic conditions and for masking level difference.

RESULTS: The average signal-to-noise ratio at hearing threshold ​​in the homophasic condition was -12.59 dB and -12.46 dB in the Test and Retest situations, respectively, and -21.54 dB and -21.08 dB in the antiphasic condition. The average value ​​in the final Masking Level Difference result was 8.95 dB in the Test and 8.74 dB in the Retest. Intraclass correlation coefficient values ​​obtained were 0.436, 0.625 and 0.577 for homophasic, antiphasic and Masking Level Difference conditions, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The Masking Level Difference showed moderate test-retest reliability in normal hearing adults female university students.

PMID:35019083 | DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20212020207

Phytother Res. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7364. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Some medicinal herbs and their effective components showed positive effects on the features of the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effects of silymarin on the components of CMS in adults. Four electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched up to December 31, 2020 to identify all eligible clinical trials. A random-effect model using DerSimonian and Laird method was used to estimate the pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Finally, 11 clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. Our results demonstrated that silymarin significantly reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (WMD: -17.96 mg/dL, 95% CI: -32.91, -3.02;I² : 82.4%, p < 0.001), hemoglobin A1C (WMD: -1.25%, 95% CI: -2.34, 0.16; I² : 92.9%, p ˂ 0.001), total cholesterol (WMD: -17.46 mg/dL, 95% CI: -30.98, -3.95; I² = 62.9%, p = 0.006), triglyceride (WMD: -25.70 mg/dL, 95% CI: -47.23, -4.17; I² :54.3%, p = 0.025), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (WMD: -10.53, 95% CI: -19.12, -1.94; I2: 37.5%, p = 0.119) and increased high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (WMD: 3.36 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.88, 5.84; I² : 37.4%, p = 0.120) compared to placebo. However, its effects on BMI were not statistically significant. Silymarin can be an effective complementary therapy to improve most features of CMS. However, due to high heterogeneity and limited clinical trials in some parameters, further high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy.

PMID:35016260 | DOI:10.1002/ptr.7364

Br J Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1111/bph.15795. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acamprosate is an anti-craving drug used for the pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only some patients achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. This study was designed to explore differences in metabolomic profiles between patients who maintained sobriety and those who relapsed, and to determine whether those differences might provide insight into variation in acamprosate treatment response phenotypes.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We previously conducted an acamprosate trial involving 442 AUD patients, and 267 of these subjects presented themselves for the 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was abstinence. Clinical information, genomic data, and metabolomics data were collected. Baseline plasma samples were assayed using targeted metabolomics.

RESULTS: Baseline plasma arginine, threonine, alpha-aminoadipic-acid, and ethanolamine concentrations were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes and baseline craving intensity, a measure which has been associated with acamprosate treatment response. We next applied a pharmacometabolomics-informed genome-wide association study (GWAS) strategy to identify genetic variants that might contribute to variations in plasma metabolomic profiles that were associated with craving and/or acamprosate treatment outcome. RNA-seq data for induced pluripotent stem cell-derived forebrain astrocytes showed that a series of genes identified during the metabolomics-informed GWAS were ethanol-responsive. Furthermore, a large number of those genes could also be regulated by acamprosate. Finally, we identified a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These results serve as an important step toward advancing our understanding of disease pathophysiology and drug action responsible for variation in acamprosate response and alcohol craving in AUD patients.

PMID:35016259 | DOI:10.1111/bph.15795

Eur J Dent. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1739448. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator’s and assistant’s face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05 RESULT: Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures.

CONCLUSION: The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.

PMID:35016239 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1739448

Eur J Dent. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1739449. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze, evaluate, and characterize novel cement-based carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The three cement groups studied were gypsum (Gyp), and CMC/ACP-gypsum cement-based 5% (5% CAG) and 10% (10% CAG). The groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. The characterization results were analyzed qualitatively, but the data for setting time were analyzed using SPSS (p < 0.05).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were statistically analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare numerical (parametric) data between more than two separate groups followed by post hoc Tukey.

RESULTS: FTIR showed phosphate groups indicate the presence of calcium phosphate in the form of amorphous (ACP) in the CMC/ACP, CMC/ACP post-milled powder, and CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG). XRD showed no difference in the diffraction spectra among the Gyp, 5% CAG, and 10% CAG groups. SEM images revealed that the CMC/ACP cement-based groups (5% CAG and 10% CAG) showed CMC/ACP cluster filled with hollow spaces between the gypsum crystals and aggregations surrounding the gypsum crystals. The CMC/ACP showed envelopes and attached to the crystalline structures of the gypsum. Setting times of 5% CAG and 10% CAG showed significant differences compared with Gyp (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The result of our study showed that CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG) demonstrated amorphous characteristic, which can stabilize calcium ions and phosphate group (ACP). In addition, the modification of gypsum using CMC/ACP as cement-based extended the time of setting.

PMID:35016237 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1739449

Eur J Dent. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1739440. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM; Coltene/Whaledent AG, Alstätten, Switzerland) systems using micro-computed tomography (CT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one mesial roots classified as Vertucci’s type IV from extracted mandibular first molars with curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees were selected. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT before and after root canal preparation by both systems, applied to the same root, in alternating canals. The following parameters were analyzed: canal centering, apical transportation, root canal diameter/root diameter.

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between both systems were observed for any of the assessed morphological parameters (p > 0.05). All canals presented diameter enlargement of more than 40% in relation to root diameter in the cervical and middle segments. No statistically significant difference was noted between the HEDM and PTN groups. The wear percentage for the HEDM group in the cervical and middle thirds were 49.66 ± 8.65 and 46.48 ± 14.29, respectively, and 51.02 ± 11.81 and 45.48 ± 10.79 for the PTN group, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Both systems displayed similar mandibular molar mesial canals preparation, with no differences noted for any of the assessed parameters. Both groups showed increased canal diameter in the cervical and middle thirds by more than 40%.

PMID:35016238 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1739440

Eur J Dent. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1739450. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of malocclusion with the presence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical examination was performed in 87 patients (from 4 to 14 years of age) who attended the dentistry clinics of Universidad del Valle.

RESULTS: The 77 patients studied had malocclusions; 55 patients had TMD and 67.3% were female. The most frequent symptom of TMD was articular unilateral noise with 33.8%, followed by pain in at least one masticatory muscle with 26%. TMJ pain was observed in 24.7% of the patients. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence and severity of TMD with type of dentition and transverse malocclusion, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The presence of TMD in children with malocclusion presented in a high frequency. TMD depends on the type of dentition and its severity is dependent on transverse malocclusion.

PMID:35016235 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1739450