Tag: pubmed

J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08050. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Scientific information is not yet available to provide insight into how individual metabolome might be affected by the presence of pesticides in regular diets. This study aimed to evaluate the perturbation of metabolomic pathways in children who switched their diets from conventional foods to mostly organic foods for five consecutive days. We selected 46 child-matched spot urine samples with distinct differences of urinary pesticide metabolite levels between the conventional and organic eating days and then analyzed those urine samples on three analytical platforms to perform global metabolomics analysis. We found statistically significant perturbations of metabolic pathways relevant to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the demands of xenobiotic detoxification when children switched their conventional diets to mostly organic foods. The outcomes of this study allow us to extend the current understanding beyond organophosphate pesticides’ acute toxicity of cholinesterase inhibition to the perturbation of metabolic pathways at dietary intake levels.

PMID:35320672 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08050

Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 2022 Mar 23:1-13. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2053591. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants are widely used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to treat various ailments in the form of folk medicine. Forty four such medicinal plant samples were collected from local markets and evaluated for the presence of 14 elements (Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Al, Pb, Ba, Zn, Ag, Hg, Bi, Cd). Microwave-assisted digestion with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine the elemental composition in these medicinal plants. Widespread occurrence of these elements was observed in all plant samples, except for Bi and Co where the lowest mean values of 0.03 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.15 were observed, respectively. The descending order for mean (μg/g) elemental occurrence observed was as follows: Ba > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Ba > Hg > Mo > Cu > Cr > Ag > Cd > Co > Bi, whereas the range for these elements in the 44-medicinal plants was as follows: Pb > Al > Zn > Ni > Mn > Cu > Mo > Ag > Ba > Hg > Co > Cd > Cr > Bi. Pb, Hg and Cd were found beyond the maximum limits in these medicinal plants, while the remaining elements were found well within the range of maximum limits. A number of medicinal plants showed high amounts of these elements. Some plants contained more than one element, such as Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Pb, Hg, Cd), Ricinus communis (Pb, Cd), Vigna radiata (Pb, Cd) and Sesamum indicum (Pb, Hg). The data matrix was validated through the statistical tools of principal component analysis (X²= 160.44, P = .00), Pearson’s correlation (P = .01 and 0.05), and K-mean cluster analysis (F = 104.55, P = .00). The findings of the study provide baseline data for the comparative analysis of these medicinal plants, which may help select safe medicinal plants in terms of consumer-based use and its utilisation for the treatment of various ailments.

PMID:35320694 | DOI:10.1080/19393210.2022.2053591

N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 24;386(12):1121-1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114897.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a prevalent complication after extremely preterm birth. Inflammation with mechanical ventilation may contribute to its development. Whether hydrocortisone treatment after the second postnatal week can improve survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and without adverse neurodevelopmental effects is unknown.

METHODS: We conducted a trial involving infants who had a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and who had been intubated for at least 7 days at 14 to 28 days. Infants were randomly assigned to receive either hydrocortisone (4 mg per kilogram of body weight per day tapered over a period of 10 days) or placebo. Mandatory extubation thresholds were specified. The primary efficacy outcome was survival without moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, and the primary safety outcome was survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 22 to 26 months of corrected age.

RESULTS: We enrolled 800 infants (mean [±SD] birth weight, 715±167 g; mean gestational age, 24.9±1.5 weeks). Survival without moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks occurred in 66 of 398 infants (16.6%) in the hydrocortisone group and in 53 of 402 (13.2%) in the placebo group (adjusted rate ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93 to 1.74). Two-year outcomes were known for 91.0% of the infants. Survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment occurred in 132 of 358 infants (36.9%) in the hydrocortisone group and in 134 of 359 (37.3%) in the placebo group (adjusted rate ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.18). Hypertension that was treated with medication occurred more frequently with hydrocortisone than with placebo (4.3% vs. 1.0%). Other adverse events were similar in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving preterm infants, hydrocortisone treatment starting on postnatal day 14 to 28 did not result in substantially higher survival without moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia than placebo. Survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment did not differ substantially between the two groups. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01353313.).

PMID:35320643 | DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2114897

Klin Lab Diagn. 2022 Mar 25;67(3):151-157. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-151-157.

ABSTRACT

Analysis of the study is to assess the diagnostic significance of cytokines in the sperm plasma of men of reproductive age (20 – 45 years) of two groups: of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, not complicated by infertility and with loss of fertility. The study of sperm plasma – the WHO standard. Determination of the level of cytokines in seminal plasma – by enzyme immunoassay («Cytokine», Russia). Two methods of mathematical statistics were used: discriminant analysis and classification trees (decision trees).The similarity of interpretations of discriminant analysis and decision tree was noted, where the main role in both cases belongs to the cytokine IL-4. The level of sperm IL-4 in combination with therapeutic monitoring can be used for the medical management of patients with chronic prostatitis in order to prevent the development of infertility and to develop methods for screening diagnostics of fertility disorders in men.

PMID:35320630 | DOI:10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-151-157

Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1111/cid.13083. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The effect of different deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particle sizes on bone healing in maxillary sinus floor augmentation remains unclear. This study compared the newly formed tissue and angiogenesis-related bone healing after sinus floor augmentation using large or small DBBM particles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall 32 patients were randomly divided into two groups using either large (1-2 mm) or small (0.25-1 mm) DBBM particles for sinus floor augmentation. After 6 months, the mineralized tissue volume was calculated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. The newly formed tissue composition was histomorphometrically analyzed. Angiogenesis was also examined by means of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Implant failure and marginal bone loss were measured at a 1-year follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t-test.

RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that grafting with large particles resulted in higher bone volume (6.99 ± 2.72 mm³ , p = 0.002) and Bone Volume/Tissue Volume (0.25 ± 0.1, p = 0.03) compared with small particles (3.76 ± 1.83 mm³ and 0.14 ± 0.13, respectively). Small particles showed higher non-mineralized tissue volume (26.31 mm³ ) compared with large particle group (17.4 ± 5.34 mm³ ) with p = 0.001. The histological data revealed significantly higher area of newly formed bone (32.15% ± 14.04% for the large particle and 15.99% ± 14.12% for the small particle groups, p = 0.004). Likewise, non-mineralized tissue was significantly greater in the small particle group (66.48% ± 20.97%) compared with the large particle group (44.36%, p = 0.016). Moreover, use of large particles resulted in a significantly higher VEGF staining intensity score and VEFG positive cells. No implant failure was recorded in both groups, while no difference was found in terms of marginal bone loss at the 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: Sinus floor augmentation using large DBBM particles resulted in more angiogenesis expression, higher bone volume, and new bone formation at 6 months after sinus augmentation. However, clinical outcomes with regards to implant placement were similar in both groups.

PMID:35320619 | DOI:10.1111/cid.13083

Klin Lab Diagn. 2022 Mar 25;67(3):147-150. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-147-150.

ABSTRACT

The determine is to study the presence and quantity of specific antibodies in individuals vaccinated against COVID-19. A study of 37 blood serums of healthy adults vaccinated against COVID-19 with the vaccine «Gam-COVID-Vac» (or «Sputnik V», National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamalei) was conducted. Blood sampling was carried out 42 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine, and 3, 4, 5, 6 months after the end of the full course of vaccination. The presence and quantity of total IgM/IgG antibodies in the blood serum was determined by immunochemiluminescence analysis on an automatic immunochemical analyzer «Cobas e 411» («Roche Diagnostics», Germany). The results were processed by modern statistical methods. 42 days after the introduction of the first component of the vaccine «Gam-COVID-Vac» AT was developed in all study participants, the values of their number were variable and ranged from 36,43 to 265,43 BAU/ ml. 3, 4, 5 and 6 months after the end of the full course of vaccination AT were detected in all study participants. 6 months after the end of the full course of vaccination the number antibodies decreased by 28,16%.

PMID:35320629 | DOI:10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-147-150

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1002/pds.5431. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the use of hormonal contraceptives in Danish breast cancer patients.

METHODS: Nationwide drug utilization study in Danish women diagnosed with breast cancer at ages 13-50 years during 2000-2015. User proportions were estimated in 6-months intervals from two years before to two years after diagnosis.

RESULTS: Use of hormonal contraceptives declined sharply after breast cancer diagnosis. Still, 7% of patients aged 13-39 years filled hormonal contraceptive prescriptions within 6 months after the diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of premenopausal breast cancer patients discontinues hormonal contraception at diagnosis. All prescribers of hormonal contraceptives should acknowledge that hormonal contraception is contraindicated for breast cancer patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35320606 | DOI:10.1002/pds.5431

Neurourol Urodyn. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1002/nau.24911. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Low-compliance bladder or high bladder pressure undoubtedly leads to hydronephrosis and renal impairment. As four decades have elapsed since a previous study found a detrusor leak-point pressure (DLPP) >40 cm H₂ O to result in hydronephrosis, we suspected the possibility of hydronephrosis or vesicoureteral reflux occurring at any point below the 40 cm H₂ O DLPP reference. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the storage detrusor pressure value and risk factors related to upper urinary tract damage (UUTD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 110 patients who visited the Neurogenic Bladder TU Service of Excellence Unit, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand, and were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder between 2016 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients who were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder from spinal cord problems (spinal dysraphism, spinal cord disease [tumor, degenerative, arteriovenous malformation, etc.], or traumatic spinal cord injury) and underwent a complete examination, including urodynamic study and renal ultrasound. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients who had previous pelvic irradiation, other concomitant neurological disease (stroke, Parkinson’s disease, etc.), or other urological diseases (stone, tumor, etc.), and those who had an indwelling suprapubic or urethral catheter. We identified the cutoff point for storage pressure related to UUTD using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify the value that produced maximum sensitivity and specificity. To identify risk factors for developing UUTD, we included seven risk factors: intravesical pressure, poor compliance, detrusor overactivity (DO), detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), level of the spinal cord pathology, male sex, and spontaneous voiding in univariable and multivariable regression analyses.

RESULTS: Of the 110 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 22 were excluded from the study. Fifty-nine patients had a normal upper urinary tract, and 29 had UUTD. The mean age, sex, voiding pattern, type of spinal cord pathology, and level of spinal cord lesions were not different between the two groups. After performing ROC curve analysis, a cutoff value for daily storage pressure ≥15 cm H₂ O provided 79.31% sensitivity and 67.80% specificity (area under the ROC curve: 0.73) for UUTD development. From univariable analysis, low compliance (cutoff values at <12.5 and <20 ml/cm H₂ O) and a storage pressure ≥15 cm H₂ O was related to UUTD with statistical significance (risk ratio [RR]: 3.16, 2.3, and 3.6, respectively [p < 0.05]). After performing multivariable analysis, a storage pressure ≥15 cm H₂ O and both cutoff values for low compliance were related to UUTD with statistical significance (RR: 3.9, 2.4, and 3.2, respectively [p < 0.05]). However, other factors, including male sex, spontaneous voiding, suprasacral lesion, DSD, and DO, were not related to UUTD.

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that low compliance and a storage pressure ≥15 cm H₂ O were significantly associated with UUTD. Various bladder-management strategies have been developed to prevent UUTDs. However, the main concept continues to be the maintenance of a low storage pressure.

PMID:35320589 | DOI:10.1002/nau.24911

J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13008. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rates of cancer survival are increasing, with more people living with and beyond cancer. Lifestyle recommendations for cancer survivors are based largely on extrapolation from cancer prevention recommendations. This feasibility study was designed to investigate diet and physical activity variables linked to primary prevention and digital behaviour change interventions in cancer survivors and delivered by an oncology dietitian to plan for future research.

METHODS: In this two-month feasibility study, participants who had completed treatment for colorectal cancer were invited to complete online food diaries, physical activity assessment, attend fortnightly telephone consultations with an oncology dietitian and complete an evaluation form. The baseline food diaries were used to help participants pick two lifestyle changes to focus on throughout the intervention. Demographic and clinical data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS: In total, 996 patients were screened for eligibility; of these, 78 were eligible to approach and 69 were approached, resulting in 20 participants consenting to take part. Overall, the intervention was acceptable with 65% of participants completing an online food diary and 70% engaging with the dietitian over the telephone. The intervention received good feedback with 100% of those completing the evaluation form reporting they felt supported and found it helpful.

CONCLUSION: This study offers preliminary evidence that a lifestyle intervention delivered by an oncology dietitian using digital behaviour change interventions (DBCIs) to cancer survivors is feasible and accepted by participants and providers.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03849352 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35320595 | DOI:10.1111/jhn.13008

Obes Surg. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1007/s11695-022-05995-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has gained acceptance worldwide. However, SG has its own complications that need a specialized management. Omentopexy is a technique in which the sleeved part of the stomach is fixed to the greater omentum.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The present work aimed to investigate the potential effect of omentopexy on the upper GIT disturbances in patients with severe obesity and undergoing LSG.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included patients who were recruited for LSG in our institution from June 2019 to October 2020. Patients having no upper GIT symptoms, no esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) GERD signs, and no hiatus hernia were eligible for the study. Patients were randomly enrolled into the omentopexy group (underwent LSG with omentopexy) and the non-omentopexy group (underwent LSG only). Patients were followed up 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after the operation. EGD was performed at the 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS: Forty-five patients constituted the omentopexy group and forty-six constituted the non-omentopexy group. Omentopexy was associated with significant reduction in the early post LSG upper GIT symptoms, and less EGD evident reflux esophagitis at the 1-year follow-up (statistically non-significant).

CONCLUSION: The current work adds a new evidence of the omentopexy benefits in patients undergoing sleeve gastrostomy, with an overall better outcome in regard to the upper GIT upset and GERD compared to LSG alone.

PMID:35320488 | DOI:10.1007/s11695-022-05995-0