Tag: pubmed

J Feline Med Surg. 2021 Apr 27:1098612X211009145. doi: 10.1177/1098612X211009145. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of fresh and stored feline red blood cells (RBCs) after passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter.

METHODS: Nine cats were recruited for a single blood donation using an open collection system. A simulated transfusion using a syringe driver and microaggregate filter was performed over 2 h with half the blood on the day of donation and the other half after 35 days of storage. Differences in haematological parameters, haemolysis percentage and osmotic fragility (OF) were compared on the day of donation pre-filter passage (D0-) vs day of donation post-filter (D0+) or day 35 storage pre-filter (D35-) and post-filter (D35+). Blood was cultured at D0+ and D35+.

RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the D0- vs D0+ comparisons. There were statistically significant (P <0.05) increases in haemolysis percentage, red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage and mean OF, and decreases in packed cell volume (PCV), RBC count, haemoglobin and haematocrit for D0- vs D35-. The same was found for D0- vs D35+ with the addition of a significant increase in mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). For D35- vs D35+ only MCH significantly increased. At day 35, 6/9 units had haemolysis percentages that exceeded 1%. This increased to 8/9 of stored units post-filter passage. All blood units cultured negative.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Fresh RBCs exhibited no in vitro evidence of injury following passage through an 18 μm microaggregate filter. Increased MCH was observed in the stored blood and may represent haemolysis induced by the filter. All other changes can be explained by storage lesion rather than filter passage. The findings highlight the importance of blood banking quality controls and the need for further research to assess the effects of transfusion technique, specifically filter passage, on storage lesion-affected feline blood.

PMID:33904795 | DOI:10.1177/1098612X211009145

J Evid Based Integr Med. 2021 Jan-Dec;26:2515690X211006031. doi: 10.1177/2515690X211006031.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND.: Strategies to reduce anxiety prior to injection procedures are not well understood. The purpose is to determine the effect of a meditation monologue intervention delivered via phone/mobile application on pre-injection anxiety levels among patients undergoing a clinical injection. The following hypothesis was tested: patients who listened to a meditation monologue via phone/mobile application prior to clinical injection would experience less anxiety compared to those who did not.

METHODS.: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was performed at an orthopedics and sports medicine clinic of a tertiary level medical center in the New England region, USA. Thirty patients scheduled for intra- or peri-articular injections were randomly allocated to intervention (meditation monologue) or placebo (nature sounds) group. Main outcome variables were state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) scores and blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and respiratory rate.

RESULTS.: There were 16 participants who were allocated to intervention (meditation monologue) while 14 participants were assigned to placebo (nature sounds). There was no interaction effect. However, a main time effect was found. Both state anxiety (STAI-S) and trait anxiety (STAI-T) scores were significantly reduced post-intervention compared to pre-intervention (STAI-S: p = 0.04, STAI-T: p = 0.04). Also, a statistically significant main group effect was detected. The pre- and post- STAI-S score reduction was greater in the intervention group (p = 0.028). Also, a significant diastolic BP increase between pre- and post-intervention was recorded in the intervention group (p = 0.028), but not in the placebo group (p = 0.999).

CONCLUSION.: Listening to a meditation monologue via phone/mobile application prior to clinical injection can reduce anxiety in adult patients receiving intra- and peri-articular injections. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02690194.

PMID:33904781 | DOI:10.1177/2515690X211006031

Int J Health Policy Manag. 2021 Mar 15. doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.16. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Priority setting in healthcare that aims to achieve a fair and efficient allocation of limited resources is a worldwide challenge. Sweden has developed a sophisticated approach. Still, there is a need for a more detailed insight on how measures permeate clinical life. This study aimed to assess physicians’ views regarding (1) impact of scarce resources on patient care, (2) clinical decision-making, and (3) the ethical platform and national guidelines for healthcare by the National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW).

METHODS: An online cross-sectional questionnaire was sent to two groups in Sweden, 2016 and 2017. Group 1 represented 331 physicians from different departments at one University hospital and group 2 consisted of 923 members of the Society of Cardiology.

RESULTS: Overall, a 26% (328/1254) response rate was achieved, 49% in group 1 (162/331), 18% in group 2 (166/923). Scarcity of resources was perceived by 59% more often than ‘at least once per month,’ whilst 60% felt less than ‘well-prepared’ to address this issue. Guidelines in general had a lot of influence and 19% perceived them as limiting decision-making. 86% professed to be mostly independent in decision-making. 36% knew the ethical platform ‘well’ and ‘very well’ and 64% NBHW’s national guidelines. 57% expressed a wish for further knowledge and training regarding the ethical platform and 51% for support in applying NBHW’s national guidelines.

CONCLUSION: There was a need for more support to deal with scarcity of resources and for increased knowledge about the ethical platform and NBHW’s national guidelines. Independence in clinical decision-making was perceived as high and guidelines in general as important. Priority setting as one potential pathway to fair and transparent decision-making should be highlighted more in Swedish clinical settings, with special emphasis on the ethical platform.

PMID:33904696 | DOI:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.16

J Evid Based Integr Med. 2021 Jan-Dec;26:2515690X211006344. doi: 10.1177/2515690X211006344.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND.: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become the leading cause of morbidity and death in humans worldwide. Thus, genetic variability of the host plays a major role in human susceptibility to the pathogen, among others. Therefore, the objective of this finding was to assess the association of genetic polymorphisms of cytokines with tuberculosis infection.

METHOD.: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2018. Five ml of whole blood was collected and extracted the genomic DNA through simple salting out method. The patterns of genetic polymorphism were determined by amplification refractory method PCR using specific primers. Finally, the PCR run on electrophoresis of agarose gel and the band was visualized under UV light. A logistical regression model has been adapted to assess the association of genetic polymorphisms with tubercular infection. In order to determine the association between the explanatory and outcome variable, the odds ratio with 95% CI was calculated. P < 0.05 is a statistically significant value.

RESULT.: In present study, the frequency of TNF-α -308 G allele and GG genotype OR (95% CI)= 0.20 (0.11-0.37), and OR (95% CI)= 0.29 (0.18-0.46)), respectively) and IFN-γ +874 A allele and AA genotype OR (95% CI)= 3.80 (2.11-6.86) and (OR (95% CI)= 1.61(1.13-2.28), respectively) were significantly associated with tuberculosis incidence. In contrast, there is no significant correlation between IL-10 -1082 A and AA of allele and genotype, respectively in tuberculosis patients (p > 0.05) was evident.

CONCLUSION.: From our finding, the genetic variability of TNF-α -308 A and IFN-γ +874 alleles are the potent host genetic risk factors associated with tuberculosis infection.

PMID:33904770 | DOI:10.1177/2515690X211006344

JBRA Assist Reprod. 2021 Apr 27;25(2):209-214. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200068.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of interactive music therapy on stress levels in women undergoing high complexity infertility treatments.

METHODS: Prospective randomized study involving 113 women treated in the Reproduction Human Laboratory of the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás State, submitted to in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. We used Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults. In the Intervention Group, we used small and easy to play percussive musical instruments, a guitar, voice, and a recorder. We used interactive music therapy approach individually, applied before baseline ultrasound scan, oocyte pick-up, and embryo transfer. We analyzed the data using the R. Paired Student t-test to compare the results.

RESULTS: Comparison of the stress levels by Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale between the groups in the final moment of data retrieval resulted in 23.13 (SD±10.51; n=32) in the Control Group and 16.12 (SD±7.87; n=33) in the Intervention Group, being statistically different (p=0.004). Also in Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults there was a significant stress reduction in 39% of the patients in the Intervention Group compared to a reduction of 14% in the patients of the Control Group (p=0.032). In this same measurement resulted that only 3% of the Intervention Group patients versus 23% of the Control Group patients (p=0.027) were in the exhaustion stage.

CONCLUSION: Interactive music therapy was effective for stress reduction in women during assisted reproduction techniques.

PMID:33904665 | DOI:10.5935/1518-0557.20200068

Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Apr 17;20(2):178-187.

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is the key regulator of inflammatory responses and has been involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Laboratory and in silico evaluations have demonstrated that some polymorphisms in 3’UTR of NOD2 gene could influence the secondary structure of this region and similarly thermodynamic features of hybridization site and finally deregulate the expression of NOD2. In the current study, for the first time, we evaluated the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3135500 and rs3135499 in the NOD2 gene with RA risk in the Iranian population. One hundred and fifteen patients with RA and 120 healthy subjects were recruited in this case-control study. Genotyping of rs3135500 and rs3135499 polymorphisms were accomplished using the real‑time polymerase chain reaction high resolution melting (HRM) method. We found a substantial association of AA and AG genotypes in rs3135500 with the risk of RA (AA vs GG; OR=5.547; 95%CI [2.564-11.999]; p<0.001 and AG vs GG; OR=2.179; 95%CI [1.145-4.147]; p=0.017). Moreover, in the patient group, there was a significant relationship between the increased concentration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with rs3135500 (A allele) (p<0.05). However, there were no important associations between rs3135499 with the risk of RA (p>0.05). However, we found a noteworthy association of the C allele in rs3135499 with an increased level of CRP in patients (p>0.05). Our findings propose a considerable association between NOD2 polymorphisms with increased risk of RA and disease activity.

PMID:33904676

Minerva Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Apr 27. doi: 10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04792-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of appendiceal endometriosis ranges from 0.4% to 22%. The carcinoid tumor is the most common neoplasm of the appendix, with incidence ranging from 0.3% to 0.9%. Appendix lesions develop in up to 22% of women with deep infiltrative endometriosis. Even though these are most likely endometriosis, carcinoid tumors should always be considered. The aim of this review was to assess the prevalence of appendiceal carcinoid tumors and appendiceal endometriosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery, its association with endometriosis, and related symptoms.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We included retrospective and prospective studies that assessed women who underwent appendicectomy in the past 20 years for appendiceal endometriosis and/or appendix carcinoid tumor confirmed by histological analysis. Results were reported as relative and absolute frequencies. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, a statistical analysis (meta-analysis) was not performed.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The prevalence of appendiceal endometriosis was 15.2% in patients who underwent surgery for pelvic endometriosis and 11.4% in those who underwent benign gynecological surgery. Conversely, carcinoid tumors of the appendix were present in 2.4% of endometriosis patients and 1.3% of other benign gynecological surgeries.

CONCLUSIONS: The rates of carcinoid tumors in patients with endometriosis are the same as in the general population. Given the risk of a malignant appendiceal tumor, in all gynecological surgeries, especially those for endometriosis, the appendix should be inspected and removed if it has an abnormal appearance.

PMID:33904692 | DOI:10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04792-4

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Apr 27. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14092. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Thread lifting is one of the most common minimally invasive options in facial rejuvenation procedures. The application of polydioxanone (PDO) showed good results and fewer complications. PDO threads effectively strengthen the contour of the face, reduce roundness, and lift sagging skin due to collagen-stimulating properties.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was an evaluation of the efficacy of the PDO threads: the combination of the cog type and press cog type threads (Ncog and Nfix) and cog type thread (Ncog) alone. And this study was conducted to define complications related to thread inserting during the follow-up period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients who underwent PDO thread treatment for facial rejuvenation and tightening sagging skin tissues were evaluated. The follow-up period was seven months. Photographic objective and subjective evaluations were performed during this period.

RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 51.8 years (range 65 to 34). There was a statistically significant difference between pre and 1month postoperative results in both groups with a mean score of 1.94±0.43 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the combination of Ncog and N fix showed slightly better results than Ncog alone. According to patient satisfaction, all patients were satisfied with the clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed PDO threads are effective in aged skin rejuvenation, soft tissue retraction, and support, showing fewer complications. In addition, it could be assumed that treatment with thicker thread could be a more efficacious procedure. However, this statement requires further researches.

PMID:33904637 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14092

J Prosthodont. 2021 Apr 27. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13371. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) for tooth-supported free-end dental implantation with the aid/and without the aid of fixation pins to secure the surgical template through comparison between planned, 3D printed guide position and placement implant position.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two duplicated maxillary resin models were used in the present in vitro study. Digital planning was performed and fabrication of a surgical template that allowed implant placement on the distal extension edentulous site of the model (maxillary left side). A first optical scan was performed after fitting the surgical template on the model to assess the deviation at the surgical guide level. After placing implants in the model using the surgical guide, scan bodies were attached to the implants, and a second scan was performed to record the position of placed implants. The digital representations were later superimposed to the pre-operative scan and measurements of implant deviations were performed. Global (coronal and apical), horizontal (coronal and apical), depth and angular deviations were recorded between planned implant position, guide position and placement implant position. Three-way ANOVA was used to compare implant location (#13, 14 and 15), fixation pin (with or without pin) and guide comparison (planned, guided and placement).

RESULTS: Final implant placement based on the digital plan and based on the 3D printed guide were very similar except for depth deviation. Use of fixation pin had a statistically significant effect on the depth and angular deviation. Overall, without fixation pins and based on guide vs. placement, mean global coronal (0.88 ± 0.36 mm), horizontal coronal (0.55 ± 0.32 mm) and apical (1.44 ± 0.75 mm), and angular deviations (4.28 ± 2.01°) were similar to deviations with fixation pins: mean global coronal (0.88 ± 0.36 mm); horizontal coronal (0.67 ± 0.22 mm) and apical (1.60 ± 0.69 mm); and angular deviations (4.53 ± 2.04°). Horizontal apical without pins (1.63 ± 0.69 mm) and with fixation pins (1.72 ± 0.70 mm) was statistically significant (p = 0.044). Depth deviation without pins (-0.5 ± 0.5 mm) and with fixation pins (-0.16 ± 0.62 mm) was also statistically significant (p = 0.005). Further analysis demonstrated that the final sleeve position on the 3D printed guide was on average 0.5mm more coronal than the digital plan.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of surgical guides with or without fixation pins can provide clinically acceptable outcomes in terms of accuracy in implant position. There was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy of implant position when utilizing fixation pins only for horizontal apical and depth deviation. Additionally, a statistically significant difference between the planned and the 3D printed surgical guide when considering the sleeve position was detected. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:33904640 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13371

Diagn Cytopathol. 2021 Apr 27. doi: 10.1002/dc.24761. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causal factor of cervical carcinoma. HPV 16 is one of the most prominent oncogenic types. We aimed to evaluate the cytomorphometric and morphological alterations caused by HPV 16 in liquid-based cytology (LBC).

METHODS: The Cobas 4800 HPV system was used for the detecting and typing HPV DNA in cervical specimens. In this study, 30 HPV 16 positive and 30 HPV 16 negative cervical samples were evaluated for micronuclei (MN), nonclassical cytologic abnormalities, and the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. Nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated using image analysis software and the nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio was calculated. All analyses were performed blinded to the patients’ HPV status. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the χ² and Fisher test; P-values < .05 were considered significant.

RESULTS: The frequencies of micronucleated cells and koilocytes were higher in the HPV 16 infected group (P < .05). Cells with perinuclear halo in control group were higher than the HPV 16 infected group (P < .05). The mean nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio in HPV 16 patients was higher than the control value, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: LBC can be used to detect morphological and morphometric changes. HPV 16 induces the formation of MN and koilocytosis. The evaluation of MN could provide additional information in monitoring genomic instability and of koilocytes could provide information about damage to the cytoskeleton filaments in HPV infection. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of HPV-18 and other high-risk HPV types on the cell size and nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio.

PMID:33904658 | DOI:10.1002/dc.24761