Tag: pubmed

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):238-244. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-238-244.

ABSTRACT

The growth of population older than working age with specific age characteristics and problems inevitably results in increasing number of their visits to physicians both in out-patient and in-patient organizations. The purpose of the study is to evaluate indices of hospital medical care of patients older than working age based on the beds profile in the Russian Federation during 2012-2019. The comprehensive study was organized to investigate dynamics of the main indices of inpatient medical care of people older than working age residing at specialized hospital beds (hospitalization rate, hospital mortality, average length of stay in bed). The forms of the Federal statistical observation form № 47 and 30 for the Russian Federation in 2012-2019 were used. The statistical and analytical research methods were applied. During these 8 years, the hospitalization rate of patients older than working age increased up to 4.5% (from 27.36 to 28.6 per 100 of population of corresponding age), the hospital mortality rate – from 3.42% to 3.95%The average length of bed stay of patients decreased from 13.4 to 10.85 days that may be associated with intensification of treatment and diagnostic process. The rates of hospitalization of patients older than working age as compared with adults of able-bodied age were higher by 1.5-8.9 times for certain types of specialized medical care (ophthalmology, palliative care, nursing, cardiology, cardiac surgery, radiology, neurology, vascular surgery, oncology).

PMID:33901361 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-238-244

Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 Mar;29(2):260-264. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-260-264.

ABSTRACT

The article considers the results of sociological study that was carried out to determine vector of dynamics of indices regulating duration of life of the Russian population, including the expected one. The method of secondary analysis of statistical and sociological information data was applied. Results. Against the background of decreasing of birth rate, “aging of population”, migration inflows and transformation of value systems the reduction of population size in The Russian Federation (natural loss) dominates, though life expectancy itself is slightly increasing. The high value of indicator of «death external causes» is established. The trend of steady decreasing of infant mortality in Russia over the past 27 years is marked. The groups of factors affecting life expectancy of the Russian population is identified. The main characteristics are revealed that are fundamentally important to ensure higher life expectancy of Russians. One of the demographic behavior models in modern Russia is described. The approaches to solve demographic problems in the Russian Federation, proposed by state bodies on the basis of policy documents (Concept of demographic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, etc.) are considered. The importance of health-preserving projects (such as “Moscow longevity”, etc.), is determined.

PMID:33901365 | DOI:10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-2-260-264

Plant J. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15291. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Coastal regions contribute an estimated 20% of annual gross primary production in the oceans, despite occupying only 0.03% of their surface area. Diatoms frequently dominate coastal sediments, where they experience large variations in light regime resulting from the interplay of diurnal and tidal cycles. Here, we report on an extensive diurnal transcript profiling experiment of the motile benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. Nearly 90% (23,328) of expressed protein-coding genes and 66.9% (1124) of expressed long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) showed significant expression oscillations and are predominantly phasing at night with a periodicity of 24h. Phylostratigraphic analysis found that rhythmic genes are enriched in deeply conserved genes, while diatom-specific genes are predominantly associated with midnight expression. Integration of genetic and physiological cell cycle markers with silica depletion data revealed potential new silica cell wall associated gene families specific to diatoms. Additionally, we observed 1752 genes with a remarkable semidiurnal (12-h) periodicity, while the expansion of putative circadian transcription factors may reflect adaptations to cope with highly unpredictable external conditions. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the adaptations of diatoms to the benthic environment and serve as a valuable resource for diurnal regulation in photosynthetic eukaryotes.

PMID:33901335 | DOI:10.1111/tpj.15291

Aust Endod J. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/aej.12517. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the influence of ultrasonic activation (US) on the antimicrobial activity of a new final irrigant containing glycolic acid (GA). Extracted teeth were used, being 70 to counting of colony-forming units (CFUs) and 35 to confocal laser scanning microscopy. Samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 7 groups: distilled water + US; 17% EDTA; Qmix; 17% GA; 17% EDTA + US; QMix + US; and 17% GA + US and kept in contact with test solution for 1 min in the groups with or no US. In the CFUs, the highest bacterial reduction was observed in QMix + US group, followed by QMix and GA + US. In the confocal evaluation, the lowest number of viable cells was observed in EDTA + US, with no statistical difference from QMix, QMix + US and GA + US (P > 0.05). The use of US improves the antimicrobial activity of EDTA and GA, being statistically different from the isolated use of these final irrigants in both evaluation tests.

PMID:33901338 | DOI:10.1111/aej.12517

Bioinformatics. 2021 Apr 26:btab255. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab255. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: We developed Quickomics, a feature-rich R Shiny-powered tool to enable biologists to fully explore complex omics statistical analysis results and perform advanced analysis in an easy-to-use interactive interface. It covers a broad range of secondary and tertiary analytical tasks after primary analysis of omics data is completed. Each functional module is equipped with customizable options and generates both interactive and publication-ready plots to uncover biological insights from data. The modular design makes the tool extensible with ease.

AVAILABILITY: Researchers can experience the functionalities with their own data or demo RNA-Seq and proteomics datasets by using the app hosted at http://quickomics.bxgenomics.com and following the tutorial, https://bit.ly/3rXIyhL. The source code under GPLv3 license is provided at https://github.com/interactivereport/Quickomics for local installation.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary materials are available at https://bit.ly/37HP17g.

PMID:33901288 | DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab255

Am J Bot. 2021 Apr;108(4):571-579. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1639.

ABSTRACT

PREMISE: As a leaf expands, its shape dynamically changes. Previously, we documented an allometric relationship between vein and blade area in grapevine leaves. Larger leaves have a smaller ratio of primary and secondary vein area relative to blade area compared to smaller leaves. We sought to use allometry as an indicator of leaf size and plasticity.

METHODS: We measured the ratio of vein-to-blade area from the same 208 vines across four growing seasons (2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017). Matching leaves by vine and node, we analyzed the correlation between the size and shape of grapevine leaves as repeated measures with climate variables across years.

RESULTS: The proportion of leaf area occupied by vein and blade exponentially decreased and increased, respectively, during leaf expansion making their ratio a stronger indicator of leaf size than area itself. Total precipitation and leaf wetness hours of the previous year but not the current showed strong negative correlations with vein-to-blade ratio, whereas maximum air temperature from the previous year was positively correlated.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that vein-to-blade ratio is a strong allometric indicator of leaf size and plasticity in grapevines measured across years. Grapevine leaf primordia are initiated in buds the year before they emerge, and we found that total precipitation and maximum air temperature of the previous growing season exerted the largest statistically significant effects on leaf morphology. Vein-to-blade ratio is a promising allometric indicator of relationships between leaf morphology and climate, the robustness of which should be explored further.

PMID:33901305 | DOI:10.1002/ajb2.1639

Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Apr 26. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15247. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal arises as a consequence of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMR_O2 ) that in turn are modulated by changes in neural activity. Recent advances in imaging have achieved sub-millimeter resolution and allowed investigation of the BOLD response as a function of cortical depth. Here, we adapt our previous theory relating the BOLD signal to neural activity to produce a quantitative model that incorporates venous blood draining between cortical layers. The adjustable inputs to the model are the neural activity and a parameter governing this blood draining. A three-layer version for transient neural inputs and a multi-layer version for constant or tonic neural inputs are able to account for a variety of experimental results, including negative BOLD signals.

PMID:33901325 | DOI:10.1111/ejn.15247

Bioinformatics. 2021 Apr 26:btab254. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab254. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

MOTIVATION: The crucial role of protein interactions and the difficulty in characterising them experimentally strongly motivates the development of computational approaches for structural prediction. Even when protein-protein docking samples correct models, current scoring functions struggle to discriminate them from incorrect decoys. The previous incorporation of conservation and coevolution information has shown promise for improving protein-protein scoring. Here, we present a novel strategy to integrate atomic-level evolutionary information into different types of scoring functions to improve their docking discrimination.

RESULTS: : We applied this general strategy to our residue-level statistical potential from InterEvScore and to two atomic-level scores, SOAP-PP and Rosetta interface score (ISC). Including evolutionary information from as few as ten homologous sequences improves the top 10 success rates of individual atomic-level scores SOAP-PP and Rosetta ISC by respectively 6 and 13.5 percentage points, on a large benchmark of 752 docking cases. The best individual homology-enriched score reaches a top 10 success rate of 34.4%. A consensus approach based on the complementarity between different homology-enriched scores further increases the top 10 success rate to 40%.

AVAILABILITY: All data used for benchmarking and scoring results, as well as a Singularity container of the pipeline, are available at http://biodev.cea.fr/interevol/interevdata/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

PMID:33901284 | DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab254

PLoS One. 2021 Apr 26;16(4):e0250633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250633. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Globally, approximately 9 million neonates develop perinatal asphyxia annually of which about 1.2 million die. Majority of the morbidity and mortality occur in Low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about the current trend in incidence, and the factors affecting mortality from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the trends in incidence and fatality rates and evaluated the predictors of mortality among babies admitted with HIE over five years at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

METHODS: A temporal trend analysis and retrospective cohort study of HIE affected babies admitted to the neonatal unit of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital was conducted. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the babies and their mothers were extracted from the neonatal unit records. Kaplan-Meir plots and Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio was used to evaluate the survival experienced using Stata version 16 (StataCorp USA) statistical software.

RESULTS: The median age of the newborns at admission was 26.5 (10-53.5) hours and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. About one-fifth (20.8%) and nearly half (47.8%) were admitted within 6 hours and 24 hours of life respectively, while majority (84%) of the infants were out-born. The prevalence and fatality rate of HIE in our study was 7.1% and 25.3% respectively. The annual incidence of HIE among the hospital admissions declined by 1.4% per annum while the annual fatality rate increased by 10.3% per annum from 2015 to 2019. About 15.7% died within 24 hours of admission. The hazard of death was related to the severity of HIE (p = 0.001), antenatal booking status of the mother (p = 0.01) and place of delivery (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSION: The case fatality rate of HIE is high and increasing at our centre and mainly driven by the pattern of admission of HIE cases among outborn babies. Thus, community level interventions including skilled birth attendants at delivery, newborn resuscitation trainings for healthcare personnel and capacity building for specialized care should be intensified to reduce the burden of HIE.

PMID:33901237 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0250633

PLoS One. 2021 Apr 26;16(4):e0250466. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250466. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Sand management is essential for enhancing the production in oil and gas reservoirs. The critical total drawdown (CTD) is used as a reliable indicator of the onset of sand production; hence, its accurate prediction is very important. There are many published CTD prediction correlations in literature. However, the accuracy of most of these models is questionable. Therefore, further improvement in CTD prediction is needed for more effective and successful sand control. This article presents a robust and accurate fuzzy logic (FL) model for predicting the CTD. Literature on 23 wells of the North Adriatic Sea was used to develop the model. The used data were split into 70% training sets and 30% testing sets. Trend analysis was conducted to verify that the developed model follows the correct physical behavior trends of the input parameters. Some statistical analyses were performed to check the model’s reliability and accuracy as compared to the published correlations. The results demonstrated that the proposed FL model substantially outperforms the current published correlations and shows higher prediction accuracy. These results were verified using the highest correlation coefficient, the lowest average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE), the lowest maximum error (max. AAPRE), the lowest standard deviation (SD), and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE). Results showed that the lowest AAPRE is 8.6%, whereas the highest correlation coefficient is 0.9947. These values of AAPRE (<10%) indicate that the FL model could predicts the CTD more accurately than other published models (>20% AAPRE). Moreover, further analysis indicated the robustness of the FL model, because it follows the trends of all physical parameters affecting the CTD.

PMID:33901240 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0250466