Tag: pubmed

Vet Ophthalmol. 2022 Jun 17. doi: 10.1111/vop.13005. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different light intensities on tear production, corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure in broilers.

ANIMALS STUDIED: Both eyes of 72 male broilers were evaluated in this study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Broilers were divided into the following three groups: low light intensity (n = 24, 5 lux), moderate light intensity (n = 24, 20 lux), and high light intensity (n = 24, 80 lux). The eyes of all birds (n = 72) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, which included the Schirmer tear test (STT-I), intraocular pressure (IOP), and the central cornea thickness measurement (CCT). The effect of light intensity on the Schirmer test, intraocular pressure, and central corneal thickness values was examined at eye and animal level (right and left eyes separately and cumulatively/no distinguishing left or right) by using one-way ANOVA.

RESULTS: At the animal level, without discrimination of left and right eye measurements, statistically significant differences were found between 5-20 and 20-80 lux groups on IOP measurements (p < .05). The difference in CCT measurements between the 5 and 20 lux groups was statistically significant (p < .05), and the corneal thickness of the 5 lux group animals was found to be statistically significant and higher than the 20 lux group (p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, light intensity has an influence on eye health in broilers. Present results may attribute to the future studies as a reference value for broilers raised under different light intensities.

PMID:35713163 | DOI:10.1111/vop.13005

Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2022 Jun 17:1-25. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2090132. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of workplace and ergonomic features on neck pain intensity, sleep problems, depression and health status at office workers during COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: One-hundred and thirty-nine office workers with neck pain who are 18-55 years of age were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic features including ergonomic features of workplace were evaluated. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) were administered to all patients.

RESULTS: All participants was grouped based on workplace into Group 1 (working in office n = 84) and Group 2(working at home n = 55). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups according to rate of absence of back support, flexible back (respectively p = 0.020 and p = 0.029). The scores of the Neck Pain and Disability Index scores of the participants who work with a computer more than 3 hours without break was higher in Group 2 than ın Group 1, and the differences between groups were found statistically significant (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The health related quality of life was worse and neck pain intensity was severe in working at home group than working in office group.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05074407..

PMID:35713149 | DOI:10.1080/10803548.2022.2090132

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022 Jun 16. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220616102754. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the potential biomarkers in DN.

METHOD: DN dataset GSE30528 and GSE47183 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using CIBERSORT. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to obtain the module genes specific to DN. The relevant genes were identified intersecting the module genes and differentially expression genes (DEGs). The core genes were identified using the MCC algorithm in Cytoscape software. ROC and Pearson analyses alongside gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify the key gene for the core genes. Finally, we performed the Spearman to analyze the correlation between key gene and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (Scr), age and sex in DN.

RESULTS: CIBERSORT analysis revealed the immune cell infiltration in the DN renal tissue and Venn identified 12 relevant genes. Among these, 5 core genes namely TYROBP, C1QA, C1QB, CD163 and MS4A6A, were identified. Pearson analyses revealed that immune cell infiltration and expression of core genes related. The key genes with high diagnostic values for DN were identified to be CD163 via ROC analyses. After Spearman correlation analysis, the expression level of CD163 was correlated with GFR (r =0.27), a difference that nearly reached statistical significance (P =0.058). However, there was no correlation between the level of CD163 and age (r =-0.24, P =0.09), sex (r =-0.11, P=0.32) and Scr (r=0.15, P=0.4) Conclusion: We found that CD163 in macrophages may be a potential biomarker in predicting and treating DN.

PMID:35713142 | DOI:10.2174/1871530322666220616102754

Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2022 Jun 17. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12894. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: A brief screener assessing experience of exposure to suicide for use in therapeutic settings is warranted. To examine the concurrent validity of such a screening tool, labeled as the Suicide Exposure Experience Screener (SEES), the associations of the two SEES items: (i) reported closeness with the person who died by suicide and (ii) perceived impact of suicide death with psychological distress are presented.

METHODS: Five separate datasets comprising surveys from Australia, Canada, and the United States (N_combined = 7782) were used to provide evidence of concurrent validity of closeness and impact of suicide exposure.

RESULTS: Overall, closeness and impact were significantly correlated with measures of global distress across five different datasets, showing small to medium effect sizes. Closeness and impact were also intercorrelated demonstrating a large effect size across all surveys. This report used cross-sectional data and comprised varied sample sizes across different datasets that influenced statistical significance of obtained effects and did not tease apart the roles of cumulative exposure of suicide and prolonged bereavement in experiencing global distress.

CONCLUSION: The SEES has clinical utility in determining psychological distress in bereaved individuals and is recommended for use in therapeutic settings.

PMID:35713122 | DOI:10.1111/sltb.12894

J Pak Med Assoc. 2022 May;72(5):896-900. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.01124.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To highlight the clinical characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis on the basis of gender in terms of the extent of liver injury and extra-liver autoimmune expressions.

METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan, and comprised data of patients aged >20 years diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis between January 2000 and December 2018. Patients in the control group were randomly selected from the health examination centre. Liver injury manifestations and susceptibilities were analysed along gender lines. The gene expression microarray data from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database was also used to explore the relationship between autoimmune-induced inflammation and androgen response expression. Statistical analysis was done using Graph-Pad Prism 7.0.

RESULTS: Of the 75 cases, 63(84%) were females with a mean age of 64.6±1.78 years, and 12(16%%) were males with a mean age of 46.6±5.6 years. Of the 66 controls, 55(83.3%) were females with a mean age of 51.67 years, and 11(16.6%) were males with a mean age of 45.9 years. There were no significant differences in terms of liver profiles related to gender in the control group (p>0.05). Among the cases, male patients showed fewer extrahepatic autoimmune disorders and more severe liver injuries before or after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between androgen receptor response and the extent of systemic inflammation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The association between androgen receptor responses and inflammation was linked to gender-related hepatic injuries, which may explain why liver inflammation in male patients is generally more severe compared to the female patients.

CONCLUSION: The association between androgen receptor responses and inflammation was linked to gender-related hepatic injuries, which may explain why liver inflammation in male patients is generally more severe compared to the female patients.

PMID:35713052 | DOI:10.47391/JPMA.01124

J Pak Med Assoc. 2022 May;72(5):993-996. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.22-66.

ABSTRACT

Colloid cysts are a group of CNS neoplasms that usually present with features of CSF flow obstruction. The treatment is by microsurgical, endoscopic or stereotactic techniques. Hydrocephalus usually resolves postoperatively, but in around 3-7% of cases symptoms persist and ultimately require CSF diversion. Several factors such as operative approach, cyst size, operative time, intraoperative bleeding may influence the need for CSF diversion but most of these are yet to be statistically proven. Existing literature is mainly focused on incidence of CSF diversion after resection of colloid cyst rather than the factors which may predict its necessity and extensive research is required to accurately determine these factors.

PMID:35713076 | DOI:10.47391/JPMA.22-66

J Pak Med Assoc. 2022 May;72(5):843-849. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.1401.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study multinodular goitre patients’ surgery by direct observation of surgical technique, and to compare complications with surgeons’ skills and experience, for improved training of future thyroid surgeons.

METHODS: Based on positivist epistemology and analytical observational design, this prospective double-blind study of a cohort of multinodular goitre patients operated upon by variedly experienced surgeons, was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur and Nishtar Medical University Hospital Multan, Pakistan, from December 2016 to April 2019. Patients were admitted through outpatient department and operated upon in routine operation lists. The surgeons were specialists/senior registrars, assistant professors, associate professors and professors. The patients were divided into two virtual groups: the one operated upon by surgeons with >3 years of post-fellowship experience and the other operated upon by surgeons with <3 years of post-fellowship experience. Surgeries were directly observed and differences in surgical technique and complications were recorded for respective groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

RESULTS: Of the 134 patients, there were 73(54.5%) in group 1 and 61(45.5%) in group 2. Overall, there were 119(88.8%) females and 15(11.2%) males. The overall mean age was 37.17±13.41 years (range: 14-80 years). Of the 25 surgeons, 13(52%) were in group 1 and 12(48%) in group 2. Group 1 had fewer complications compared to group 2, which on certain parameters was statistically significant (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons’ experience and technique were found to have significant relationship with the rate of complications. Direct observation of surgeries is significant for real life evaluation and training of junior surgeons.

PMID:35713042 | DOI:10.47391/JPMA.1401

J Glob Health. 2022 Jun 18;12:04046. doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.04046.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The evidence around the relationship between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and undernutrition is sparse and mostly reported from cross-sectional data sets. This paper aimed to test the relationship between ECC and linear and ponderal growth trajectories.

METHODS: This project involves secondary data analysis from the Cambodia Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study. The analytical sample included a 2y-cohort of 894 children who were younger than 2 years of age at the time of first height and weight measurement. Statistical analysis used both logistic regression modelling and Latent Class Analysis to examine the effect of exposure to dental caries in the first 1000 days on weight for height Z-score (WHZ) and height for age Z-score (HAZ) trajectory class groups. The presence of any cavity and pulp involvement were examined using multinomial regression adjusting for gender, socioeconomic status, maternal age and education.

FINDINGS: Within each class groupings (HAZ and WHZ groupings), there was a trend whereby those with one or more cavities had lower Z-scores across the three follow-up time points of observation. There was an association between exposure to caries and WHZ class membership whereby children with caries exposure were more likely belong to WHZ class groups with lower Z-scores over time.

CONCLUSIONS: The study offers evidence that ECC is correlated with less favourable ponderal growth categorized by WHZ trajectory class groups.

PMID:35713031 | DOI:10.7189/jogh.12.04046

Euro Surveill. 2022 Jun;27(24). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200448.

ABSTRACT

In May 2022, monkeypox outbreaks have been reported in countries not endemic for monkeypox. We estimated the monkeypox incubation period, using reported exposure and symptom-onset times for 18 cases detected and confirmed in the Netherlands up to 31 May 2022. Mean incubation period was 8.5 days (5th-95th percentiles: 4.2-17.3), underpinning the current recommendation to monitor or isolate/quarantine case contacts for 21 days. However, as the incubation period may differ between different transmission routes, further epidemiological investigations are needed.

PMID:35713026 | DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.24.2200448

Stroke. 2022 Jun 17:101161STROKEAHA121038196. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038196. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aimed to verify the validity of the proportional recovery model for the lower extremity.

METHODS: We reviewed clinical data of patients enrolled in the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation between August 2012 and May 2015. Recovery proportion was calculated as the amount of motor recovery over initial motor impairment, measured as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score. We used the logistic regression method to model the probability of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score, whereby we considered the ceiling effect of the score. To show the difference in the prevalence of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score between 3 and 6 months poststroke, we constructed a marginal model through the generalized estimating equation method. We also performed the propensity score matching analysis to show the dependency of recovery proportion on the initial motor deficit at 3 and 6 months poststroke.

RESULTS: We evaluated 1085 patients. The recovery proportions at 3 and 6 months poststroke were 0.67±0.42 and 0.75±0.39, respectively. A 1-unit decrease in the initial neurological impairment and the age at stroke onset increased the probability of achieving the full Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity score, which occurred at both 3 and 6 months poststroke. The prevalence of those who reach full lower limb motor recovery differs significantly between 3 and 6 months poststroke. We also found out that the recovery proportion at both 3 and 6 months poststroke is determined by the initial motor deficits of the lower limb. These results are not consistent with the proportional recovery model.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that the proportional recovery model for the lower limb is invalid.

PMID:35713003 | DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038196