Tag: pubmed

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):521-524. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7217.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neural adaptation to physical training allows a person to better coordinate the activation of all relevant muscles producing maximum force. Nerve conduction velocity measures the speed of impulse along the motor neuron and is strongly associated with muscle contraction time. This study aimed to find out the mean motor nerve conduction velocity of the right ulnar nerve among physically trained adult males in a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurophysiology Laboratory of a tertiary care centre from 3rd November, 2019 to 2nd November, 2020. Thirty young adult males who were engaged in the physical training at a training centre for more than 3 months were studied after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1578/019). Motor nerve conduction parameters of the right ulnar nerve were measured and data were entered in Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.

RESULTS: Among 30 males studied, the mean motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was found to be 61.02±5.86 m/sec (58.92-63.11 at 95% Confidence Interval). The mean distal latency and amplitude of the muscle action potential were 2.33±0.53 ms and 8.08±1.17 mv respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that the mean nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was similar when compared to studies conducted in similar settings.

KEYWORDS: Nepal; nerve conduction; ulnar nerve.

PMID:35690989 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7217

J Periodontol. 2022 Jun 12. doi: 10.1002/JPER.21-0555. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of systemic administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019) on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.

METHODS: Thirty-two rats were allocated to groups C (control), C-HN019 (probiotic), EP (EP only) and EP-HN019 (EP+probiotic). From day 0, the animals of C-HN019 and EP-HN019 groups received B. lactis HN019 (1×10⁹ CFU/mL) daily. On the 14th day, the animals of EP and EP-HN019 groups received silk ligature around mandibular molars. Animals were euthanized on the 28th day. Samples of oral biofilm, gingival tissues, blood serum and mandible were obtained for microtomographic, histomorphometric, microbiological and immunological analyses. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05).

RESULTS: Group EP-HN019 presented significantly less alveolar bone loss when compared with Group EP in histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses. In gingival tissue and serum, Group EP-HN019 presented lower pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines ratios than Group EP. Group EP-HN019 showed higher expression of beta-defensins and less TRAP-positive cells than Group EP. Group EP presented higher gene expression of Ifng and lower gene expression of Foxp3 when compared with Group EP-HN019 in gingival tissue. In oral biofilm, EP-HN019 group presented a lower percentage of species similar to Fusobacterium periodonticum and a higher percentage of species similar to Actinomyces gereneseriae, A. israelli and Streptococcus gordonii when compared with Group EP. There was a significant increase of B. lactis HN019 after administration of probiotic therapy in oral biofilm of Group EP-HN019.

CONCLUSION: The consumption of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss by modifying local and systemic microbiological and immunoinflammatory parameters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35690993 | DOI:10.1002/JPER.21-0555

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):537-540. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7257.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Middle ear barotrauma is a tissue injury to the ear secondary to inadequate pressure equalisation between the middle ear and the external environment. Paragliding, though an exciting sport, has its own risks and hazards. Para-pilots experience a variety of ear-related symptoms due to pressure discrepancies between the middle ear and ambient air. Middle ear barotrauma amongst para-pilots is a common yet neglected problem. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of middle ear barotrauma among licensed para-pilots of a metropolitan city.

METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst para-pilots practising in different paragliding companies in a metropolitan city. The study was conducted from 10th October, 2021 to 22nd October, 2021 after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 0410202109/2021). A sample size of 76 participants was taken using convenience sampling technique. Data was collected from participants after performing an otoscope examination. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel version 2016 and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science Version 22.0. Point estimate at a 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.

RESULTS: Out of 76 participants, the prevalence of middle ear barotrauma was 10 (13.2%) (5.58-20.81 at 95% Confidence Interval).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of middle ear barotrauma was similar to other studies done in similar settings.

KEYWORDS: barotrauma; eustachian tube; Nepal; pilots.

PMID:35690988 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7257

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):525-528. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7416.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular condyle is a prominent structure in the mandible, which forms the temporomandibular joint. An oval-shaped condyle is considered to be present with a normal temporomandibular joint and any morphological variation of the condyle is assumed to be pathologic in temporomandibular disorders. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of oval shaped mandibular condyle among orthopantomogram radiographs of patients visiting the tertiary care centre.

METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among 752 condyles visiting a tertiary care center from November 29, 2021 to April 1, 2022. The ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 184 (6-11) 078/079) before conducting the study. Convenience sampling was done. The radiographs were first examined and the observed morphological type of mandibular condyle was noted. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

RESULTS: The prevalence of oval shaped mandibular condyles out of 752 condyles was 416 (55.32%) (51.77-58.87 at 95% Confidence Interval). The oval-shaped condyle on the right side was 205 (54.52%) and on the left side was 211 (56.12%).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oval shaped condyles among patients in this study was similar to the studies done in similar settings.

KEYWORDS: condyle; mandible; Nepal; X-ray.

PMID:35690981 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7416

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):529-532. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7485.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Xanthelasma palpebrarum refers to lipid deposition that occurs on eyelids and inner canthi. It is an important cutaneous manifestation of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Few studies have been done in Nepal regarding lipid abnormality in xanthelasma patients. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum visiting the Department of Dermatology of a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 80 patients from January, 2021 to February, 2022 in the Department of Dermatology of a tertiary care centre. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 60512021). Convenience sampling was used. Lipid profile analysis was done among patients with clinical diagnosis of xanthelasma palpabrarum. Data was collected using Microsoft Excel for Mac version 16.16.27 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

RESULTS: Out of 80 patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 64 (80.00%) (74-86 at 90% Confidence Interval). Among them, 29 (45.31%) were males and 35 (54.69%) were females.

CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum was found to be higher than in similar studies conducted in similar settings.

KEYWORDS: dyslipidemia; gender; lipid.

PMID:35690977 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7485

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):511-516. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7491.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and disability in Asian population. Dyslipidemia is considered a major risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to find the prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with ischemic stroke in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 150 diagnosed cases of ischemic stroke admitted in the Department of Medicine from 1st October, 2020 to 1st October, 2021. The ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 358/2077/78). Fasting blood samples were collected from the patients, serum lipids were measured and atherogenic indices of plasma were calculated. Demographic, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors related data were collected. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analysis was using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.

RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the ischemic stroke patients was 120 (80.00%) (73.60-86.40 at 95% Confidence Interval). High total cholesterol was found in 64 (53.33%) patients, high triglycerides in 70 (58.33%), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 54 (45.00%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 51 (42.50%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among ischemic stroke patients was higher than the studies done in similar settings.

KEYWORDS: dyslipidemia; ischemic stroke; lipid; prevalence.

PMID:35690976 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7491

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):503-506. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7505.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most preventable and treatable cause of mental retardation in newborns and infants. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns and infants is not a routine practice in our part of the world. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among infants undergoing thyroid function test in a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Biochemistry, from laboratory records starting 14th April, 2013 to 13th April, 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 1502/019). Data of infants whose thyroid function tests were performed were obtained using convenience sampling. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was categorised per the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology guidelines. Data were entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2011 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5. Point estimate at a 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentages for binary data.

RESULTS: Among 1243 infants, 56 (4.50%) (3.35-5.65 at 95% Confidence Interval) infants were diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was higher than other studies done in similar settings. An unexpected finding of treatment-induced hyperthyroidism was observed, indicating a lack of regular and timely follow-up of infants diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism.

KEYWORDS: congenital hypothyroidism; Nepal; newborn screening; prevalence.

PMID:35690974 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7505

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):507-510. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7496.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection is the most common infection among renal transplant recipients and increases the risk of hospitalization or even death. The study aimed to find the prevalence of urinary tract infection among post-renal transplant patients in the Department of Nephrology of a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted among 217 post-renal transplant patients at the Department of Nephrology of a tertiary care centre from 1st November, 2017 to 31st October, 2018. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 245(6-11-E)2074-75). Convenience sampling was used. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2011 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data and mean with standard deviation for continuous data.

RESULTS: Among 217 patients, urinary tract infection was seen in 27 (12.44%) (8.05-16.83 at 95% Confidence Interval). One (3.70%) patient had the infection within three months of transplant, and 17 (62.96%) had infection after more than a year of transplant.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of urinary tract infection among kidney transplant recipients in our study was lower than previous studies done in similar settings.

KEYWORDS: Escherichia coli; hypertension; kidney; transplants.

PMID:35690975 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7496

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):541-545. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7512.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a life-threatening condition triggered by infections or non-infectious agents. Antibiotics use in such cases prevents severe deterioration and treatment failure. Past studies have shown inappropriate use of antibiotics in different health care settings. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of antibiotics use in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease admitted to Department of Internal Medicine of a tertiary care centre from 12th February, 2022 to 15th April, 2022 after taking ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 417). Convenience sampling was done. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data along with median and interquartile range for continuous data.

RESULTS: The prevalence of antibiotics use among study participants was 106 (98.15%) (95.61-100 at a 95% Confidence Interval). Penicillin 82 (75.93%) was the most commonly used antibiotics group.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of antibiotics in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher as compared to other similar studies.

KEYWORDS: anti-bacterial agents; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; guideline adherence.

PMID:35690973 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7512

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Jun 1;60(250):546-550. doi: 10.31729/jnma.7538.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Keratitis, an ocular emergency, requires rapid and accurate treatment to prevent vision impairment. Wet mount direct microscopy examination of corneal scraping smear using gram and 10% potassium hydroxide stain helps in early diagnosis and treatment. The main objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of positive microbiological stains of corneal scrapings among patients with keratitis in a tertiary care centre.

METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine from January, 2018 to December, 2019. Data collection was done after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (Reference number: BEH-IRC-35/A). All corneal smear samples received in this department were included in this study. Case records with incomplete data were excluded. Whole sampling was done. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. Frequency and percentage was calculated for binary data.

RESULTS: Among 4631 corneal scrapings, microbiological stains were positive in 3538 (76.40%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of positive microbiological stains of corneal scrapings in our study was higher in comparison to other studies done in similar settings. This technique could be used where culture facilities are unavailable or unaffordable.

KEYWORDS: keratitis; microscopy; Nepal.

PMID:35690971 | DOI:10.31729/jnma.7538