Tag: pubmed

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Feb 8;203:106549. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106549. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the second most common neurological disease in the world, which usually affects people mainly in later years of life. Cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms are important symptoms in these patients that are associated with a poor prognosis. The study will focus on the original data regarding the cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease and control group.

METHODS: In a case-control study, a total of 100 Parkinson’s patients who were hospitalized in Rouhani Hospital and 200 non-Parkinson’s people (control group) from Amirkola Health and aging project (AHAP) Marras et al., Babol, Iran were enrolled between September 2019 to February 2020. Data were collected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Modified Hoehn and Yahr staging Scale (MHYSS), Mini-M ental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant RESULTS: A total of 300 persons were enrolled in the study. The mean age of Parkinson’s patients and non-Parkinson’s people was 70.34 ± 7.76 and 70.87 ± 7.59 years, respectively. The mean MMSE score in Parkinson’s and non-Parkinson’s people was 24.80 ± 4.53 and 25.40 ± 3.1, respectively (p = 0.182). The mean GDS score in Parkinson’s and non-Parkinson’s people was 7.06 ± 4.06 and 4.31 ± 3.47, respectively (p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments with disease severity (p = 0.022 and p = 0.012, respectively). In addition, variables, such as age and the education level were associated with cognitive impairments (p = 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively), but these variables were not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (p = 0.843 and p = 0.411, respectively). There was a significant relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s patients and the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with an increase in the severity of Parkinson’s disease, and also, depressive symptoms in Parkinson’s patients was associated with an increase in cognitive impairments.

PMID:33631508 | DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106549

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Feb 15;203:106563. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106563. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Iran is one of the countries with a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and COVID-19.MS patients receiving the immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapy have a higher risk of infection. Due to the significance of determining the risk factors for getting COVID-19 among MS patients, the present study was designed to assess the risk of infection following the pulse steroid therapy.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all MS patients that received corticosteroids in Tehran from December 2019 to August 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic spread. The subjects’ clinical records including their sex, age, the type of MS, the type of medication, the number of days using corticosteroids, the status of prednisolone intake, and the number of days receiving prednisolone after the corticosteroid therapy were obtained. Moreover, main outcomes such as COVID-19 infection and the occurrence of death were recorded by patient’s visits and follow-up phone calls. COVID-19 infection was confirmed by physicians according to the clinical performance of RT-PCR, chest CT scan, and antibody tests.

RESULTS: Totally, 133 MS cases participated in the study, and the pulse therapy was completed for 104 (78.2%) patients up to 5-7 days. 89 (66.9%) cases used the prednisolone tablet following the pulse therapy. Overall, the infection by Covid-19 was observed in 8 (6%) cases, among whom 5 (71.4%) cases received the pulse therapy for 5-7 days and 4 (57.1%) cases had a history of taking the prednisolone tablet. The age of less than 40 years (OR = 1.03; 95% CI (0.23-4.51)), male sex (OR = 0.35; 95% CI (0.03-3.34)), and the RRMS type (OR = 2.87; 95% CI (0.52-15.72)) had no effect on the risk of Covid-19 infection. In addition, there was not statistically significant difference between subjects with the short-term pulse therapy duration (3-4 days) (OR 0.68 (0.12-3.74) and those with the long-term pulse therapy duration (5-7 days). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was observed between subjects taking prednisolone (OR = 1.62 (0.34-7.61) and those not taking prednisolone. Furthermore, there was no significant association between different medication groups and the risk of Covid-19 infection (p < 0.05). No death occurred due to Covid-19 infection among the subjects.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection was more common among female and younger patients as well as patients with a longer duration of the pulse therapy and prednisolone intake. There was no significant association between the pulse steroid therapy in MS patients and the risk of infection by COVID-19 in the Iranian population.

PMID:33631509 | DOI:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106563

Thromb Res. 2021 Feb 17;201:23-29. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.02.010. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease, with significant morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in COVID-19 patients and to determine the association of DIC with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

METHODS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database until August 12, 2020. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software.

RESULTS: 14 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that the incidence of COVID-19 patients developing DIC was 3% (95%: 1%-5%, P < 0.001). In addition, deaths were more likely to be associated with DIC (Log OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 0.94-3.99, P < 0.001) with statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS: DIC is associated with the severity and poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, attention should be paid to coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Monitoring of coagulation indicators may improve the prognosis of COVID-19 inpatients.

PMID:33631519 | DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2021.02.010

Brain Stimul. 2021 Feb 22;14(2):389-390. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.019. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:33631486 | DOI:10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.019

N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2100433. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.

METHODS: We evaluated tocilizumab and sarilumab in an ongoing international, multifactorial, adaptive platform trial. Adult patients with Covid-19, within 24 hours after starting organ support in the intensive care unit (ICU), were randomly assigned to receive tocilizumab (8 mg per kilogram of body weight), sarilumab (400 mg), or standard care (control). The primary outcome was respiratory and cardiovascular organ support-free days, on an ordinal scale combining in-hospital death (assigned a value of -1) and days free of organ support to day 21. The trial uses a Bayesian statistical model with predefined criteria for superiority, efficacy, equivalence, or futility. An odds ratio greater than 1 represented improved survival, more organ support-free days, or both.

RESULTS: Both tocilizumab and sarilumab met the predefined criteria for efficacy. At that time, 353 patients had been assigned to tocilizumab, 48 to sarilumab, and 402 to control. The median number of organ support-free days was 10 (interquartile range, -1 to 16) in the tocilizumab group, 11 (interquartile range, 0 to 16) in the sarilumab group, and 0 (interquartile range, -1 to 15) in the control group. The median adjusted cumulative odds ratios were 1.64 (95% credible interval, 1.25 to 2.14) for tocilizumab and 1.76 (95% credible interval, 1.17 to 2.91) for sarilumab as compared with control, yielding posterior probabilities of superiority to control of more than 99.9% and of 99.5%, respectively. An analysis of 90-day survival showed improved survival in the pooled interleukin-6 receptor antagonist groups, yielding a hazard ratio for the comparison with the control group of 1.61 (95% credible interval, 1.25 to 2.08) and a posterior probability of superiority of more than 99.9%. All secondary analyses supported efficacy of these interleukin-6 receptor antagonists.

CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients with Covid-19 receiving organ support in ICUs, treatment with the interleukin-6 receptor antagonists tocilizumab and sarilumab improved outcomes, including survival. (REMAP-CAP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02735707.).

PMID:33631065 | DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2100433

Endocrinology. 2021 Feb 25:bqab043. doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqab043. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of Dual oxidase (DUOX) system genes (containing DUOX2, DUOX1, DUOXA2 and DUOXA1) variants in children with congenital hypothyroidism and their phenotypes.

METHODS: Target region sequencing technology was performed on DUOX system genes among 606 congenital hypothyroidism (CH) subjects covering all the exon and intron regions. Detailed clinical data were collected for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 95 suspected pathogenic variants were detected in the DUOX system genes, showing a 39.11% rate in variant carrying (237/606). DUOX2 was with the highest rate in this study. There were statistical difference in maximum adjusted dose and current dose of L-T4 between the DUOX system genes non-mutated group with the mutated group (p<0.001; p<0.001). The cases in DUOX system genes mutated group were more likely to develop into transient CH (χ 2 = 23.155, p<0.001) and more likely to manifested as goiter or gland-in-situ (χ 2 = 66.139, p<0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between DUOX system genes mono-allelic and non mono-allelic. Although 20% of the variants affected the functional domain regions (EF hand, and FAD and NADPH binding sites), there was no significant effect on the phenotype severity whether the variation is located in the functional domain regions.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed the high variation rate of DUOX2 in the DUOX system genes among the Chinese CH patients. And the complex genotype-phenotype relationship of DUOX system genes broadened the understanding of CH phenotype spectrum.

PMID:33631011 | DOI:10.1210/endocr/bqab043

J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021 Mar 1;52(3):118-122. doi: 10.3928/00220124-20210216-05.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many people view escape rooms as challenging and fun. They require teams to communicate and work together effectively to solve puzzles to unlock the door to escape. Health care educators have recently used this dynamic format to provide teams with an engaging teaching modality. This article details the case study of combining an escape room with simulation-based education to form a dynamic teaching modality on proper cardiac arrest management.

METHOD: A group of nearly 70 nurses participated. This study uses a pretest-posttest to measure learning, a skills checklist to measure performance, and an evaluation to measure students’ reactions.

RESULTS: Results showed statistically significant increases in nurses’ code policy knowledge and response. Participants viewed this education as effective and fun.

CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence of the teaching effectiveness of escape rooms and is a solid springboard for future researchers to conduct additional simulation-based escape rooms with larger, broader populations. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2021;52(3):118-122.].

PMID:33631021 | DOI:10.3928/00220124-20210216-05

Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Feb 25. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25313. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: First, to investigate the added diagnostic value of chest computed tomography (CT) for evaluating COVID-19 in symptomatic children by comparing chest CT findings with chest radiographic findings, and second, to identify the imaging signs and patterns on CT associated with COVID-19 pneumonia in children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2020 to December 2020, 56 consecutive children (33 males and 23 girls; mean age ± SD, 14.8 ± 5.0 years; range, 9 months-18 years) with mild to moderate symptom and laboratory confirmed COVID-19 (based on Centers for Disease Control criteria) underwent both chest radiography and chest CT on the same day within the first 2 days of initial presentation to the hospital. Two experienced radiologists independently evaluated chest radiographs and chest CT studies for thoracic abnormalities. The findings from chest radiography and chest CT were compared to evaluate the added diagnostic value of chest CT for affecting patient management. Interobserver agreement was measured with Cohen’s κ statistics.

RESULTS: Eleven (19.6%) of 56 patients had abnormal chest radiographic findings, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 5/11 (45.4%) and combined GGO and consolidation in 6/11 (54.5%). On chest CT, 26 (46.4%) of 56 patients had abnormal CT findings, including combined GGO and consolidation in 19/26 (73.1%), GGO in 6/26 (23.1%), and consolidation in 1/26 (3.8%). Chest CT detected all thoracic abnormalities seen on chest radiography in 11/26 (42.3%) cases. In 15/26 (57.7%), chest CT detected lung abnormalities that were not observed on chest radiography, which included GGO and consolidation in 9/15 (60%), GGO in 5/15 (33.3%), and consolidation in 1/15 (6.6%) cases. These additional CT findings did not affect patient management. In addition, chest CT detected radiological signs and patterns, including the halo sign, reversed halo sign, crazy paving pattern, and tree-in-bud pattern. There was almost perfect interobserver agreement between the two reviewers for detecting findings on both chest radiographs (κ, 0.89, p = .001) and chest CT (κ, 0.96, p = .001) studies.

CONCLUSION: Chest CT detected lung abnormalities, including GGO and/or consolidation, that were not observed on chest radiography in more than half of symptomatic pediatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, these additional CT findings did not affect patient management. Therefore, CT is not clinically indicated for the initial evaluation of mild to moderately symptomatic pediatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

PMID:33631061 | DOI:10.1002/ppul.25313

PLoS One. 2021 Feb 25;16(2):e0247634. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247634. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases globally, which rapidly is increasing in developing countries. Ethiopia is also facing growing morbidity and mortality related to diabetes complications. Thus, dealing with glycemic control is essential for controlling the development of devastating acute and chronic complications related to diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude and predictors of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients in western Ethiopia.

METHODS: The cross-sectional study design was employed on a sample of 423 diabetic patients. A systematic random sampling method was employed. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. The data entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 24 for analysis. All variables significant at p-<0.25 in bivariate were entered into multivariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine predictors’ poor glycemic control by considering the Adjusted Odds Ratio at CI 95% and the significance level was set at p <0.05.

RESULTS: The magnitude of poor glycemic control was 64.1%. Being females (AOR = 1.684,95%CI = 1.066,2.662), duration of diabetes >8years (AOR = 2.552,95%CI = 1.397, 4.665), presence of diabetes complication (AOR = 2.806,95%CI = 1.594,4.941), negligence of blood glucose test at home (AOR = 1.720, 95%CI = 1.078, 2.743), poor self-care behavior (AOR = 1.787, 95%CI = 1.083,2.959) and poor self-efficacy (AOR = 1.934, 95%CI = 1.078,3.469) were significant predictors of poor glycemic control.

CONCLUSION: The proportion of poor glycemic control was high which was nearly comparable to that reported from many countries. This could be due to factors that were significantly associated with poor glycemic control like lack of home blood glucose test, increased duration of diabetes, presence of diabetes complications, poor self-efficacy, and poor self-care behaviors. Each were significant independent predictors of poor glycemic control. Thus, we recommend patients with diabetes and health care providers enhancing self-monitoring practices, and preventing potential complications should be a priority concern to improve blood glucose levels. Further studies are also recommended to explore important factors which were not identified by the current study.

PMID:33630936 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0247634

PLoS One. 2021 Feb 25;16(2):e0247544. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247544. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Six common beliefs about the usage of active learning in introductory STEM courses are investigated using survey data from 3769 instructors. Three beliefs focus on contextual factors: class size, classroom setup, and teaching evaluations; three focus on individual factors: security of employment, research activity, and prior exposure. The analysis indicates that instructors in all situations can and do employ active learning in their courses. However, with the exception of security of employment, trends in the data are consistent with beliefs about the impact of these factors on usage of active learning. We discuss implications of these results for institutional and departmental policies to facilitate the use of active learning.

PMID:33630945 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0247544