Tag: pubmed

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Mar 8;43(3):1535-1545. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202105154.

ABSTRACT

The Qinglong Area of Tianfu New District in China is the connection area of Chengdu city, Sichuan Province, which dominantly supports the primary agricultural products for the metropolis. The soil quality, therefore, has been deteriorating in recent decades due to the intensive planting and industrial pollution. Thus, the evaluation of soil quality and the identification of the pollution sources are significant for sustainable soil planting and regulation. To this end, 395 soil samples were collected, and the parameters of pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), Se, B, V, Zn, Mn, Mo, Ni, Co, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb were analyzed. The results revealed that TN, Se, Hg, and TP were obviously higher than the background value of the Chengdu Economic Zone, and the Cr, Mn, pH, and TK were depleted. The combination of correlation statistics, geostatistics, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source analysis revealed that heavy metal enrichments were mainly affected by four sources, namely natural sources (32%)>industrial sources (30%)>agricultural sources (25%)>traffic sources (14%). Likewise, the source apportionments were verified regarding topography, industrial boundary, farmer density, and traffic flow. It was estimated that Mo, Co, Ni, and V were affected by slope; the enrichment of Hg and As was the result of agricultural activities; Cd, Mn, Cr, and Zn were affected by industrial waste diffusion; and Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Hg were related to transportation. To a certain extent, agricultural fertilization and pesticide application have partially controlled soil fertility and pollution (Hg and As).

PMID:35258218 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202105154

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Mar 8;43(3):1546-1557. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202106109.

ABSTRACT

Topsoil and supporting crop samples around a mining area were collected in Longyan City, and the total amounts and speciation of Pb, Cd, and As in the samples were determined. The ecological risk and human health risk assessment of soil heavy metals Pb, Cd, and As were carried out using the Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method, the ecological risk classification method based on the principle of geochemical statistics, and the health risk assessment method in accordance with the characteristics of human exposure parameters in China. The results indicated that the heavy metal elements in the soil in the study area exceeded the environmental quality standards for Pb and Cd, and the heavy metal contents in cereal grains exceeded the food limit value mainly for Pb. The proportion of the four bioavailable forms except the residue state followed the order of Pb>Cd>As. The ecological risk assessment results based on the total amount of heavy metals and bioavailable forms showed that Cd was the most important ecological risk factor. The single potential ecological risk of Cd and the comprehensive ecological risk of Pb, Cd, and As in the soil based on bioavailable forms were significantly reduced compared with that based on the total amount. The proportion of medium and superior samples decreased from 100% and 50.0% to 17.2% and 7.81%, respectively, and the divided risk zone basically contained all the warning points of exceeding the standard of crops. Oral ingestion was the main carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic exposure route of heavy metals. In terms of carcinogenic risk, the risk of human carcinogenic health exposure to Cd and As was within the acceptable range, regardless of whether bioavailability was considered. Among the non-carcinogenic risks, the non-carcinogenic risk of the heavy metal Cd was negligible. When only the total amount of heavy metals was considered, the non-carcinogenic risk index of Pb and As under the three exposure pathways ranged from 0.14 to 8.65 and from 0.04 to 2.85, respectively. After considering the adjustment of bioavailability, the non-carcinogenic risk of As was greatly reduced and could be considered to no longer have non-carcinogenic risk. Although the non-carcinogenic exposure risk index of Pb was reduced by 84.7%, the maximum value still reached 1.69, which would cause non-carcinogenic harm to the population and was the key to soil remediation in mining areas.

PMID:35258219 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202106109

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Mar 8;43(3):1434-1446. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202107173.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between land use and bacterioplankton communities at different spatial scales and the mechanisms underlying the effects of land use on bacterioplankton communities. Here, surface water samples were collected in 14 tributaries of the Yuanhe River in August 2019 (wet season) and January 2020 (dry season), and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the characteristics of the bacterioplankton communities. Statistical methods such as Bioenv and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) were used to explore the relationships among landscape structure (i.e., landscape compositions and landscape configurations), water chemistry, and bacterioplankton communities. Furthermore, metacommunity theory was employed to explain the mechanisms by which land use and water chemistry affect bacterial communities. The results showed that:① in general, the effects of landscape configuration on bacterial communities were weak, whereas the effects of landscape composition on bacterial communities were significant and greater at the buffer scale than that at the sub-basin scale. ② There was no distinct distance-decay pattern for the effects of landscape composition on bacterial communities from the near-distance (100 m) to the long-distance (1000 m) buffer zones, with the maximal effects occurring in the 500 m circular buffer (wet season) and 300 m riparian buffer (dry season), respectively. ③ Land use influenced the bacterioplankton communities both directly through exogenous inputs (i.e., “mass effect” process) and indirectly by affecting water chemistry (i.e., “species sorting” process). VPA showed that the total explanation of bacterial community variations by water chemistry and the intersection of water chemistry and land use (13.5% in the wet season and 11.7% in the dry season) was higher than that of land use alone (2.7% in the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season). These results suggest that mass effects and species sorting jointly shaped bacterial community assembly but that the effects of species sorting outweighed those of mass effects. This study revealed the variability of landscape structure at different spatial scales on bacterial communities, and its results will help to determine the optimal spatial scale affecting bacterial communities and provide a reference basis for watershed land-use management.

PMID:35258207 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202107173

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Mar 8;43(3):1375-1383. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202105225.

ABSTRACT

Simultaneous sampling and observation were conducted at 14 stations in typical intertidal zones of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area. The spatial distribution characteristics of Cd morphology in surface water, pore water, suspended matters, and sediments at each sampling site were analyzed, and the influencing factors of Cd morphology changes in each medium were discussed using statistical analyses based on environmental factors. The results showed that the total contents of Cd in surface water, pore water, suspended matters, and sediments in each intertidal zone ranged from 0.41-15.03 μg·L^-1, 0.41-27.54 μg·L^-1, 0.41-4.88 mg·kg^-1, and 0.20-5.30 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The contents of Cd in Shajiao Bay were significantly higher than those in other sampling sites, which should be related to the developed electronics and manufacturing industries in Dongguan. The concentration of Cd in surface water was slightly lower than that in pore water, whereas the content of Cd in suspended matter was comparable to that in sediment at the same sampling site. The results of morphological analysis showed that the ionic-state Cd was dominant in both surface water and pore water, accounting for 67.23%-97.56% and 33.33%-97.16%, respectively. In suspended matter and sediment, Cd was mainly in the residual state, accounting for 45.45%-96.36% and 45.80%-97.27%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the complex-state Cd in the aqueous phase was negatively correlated with oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH and positively correlated with total organic carbon. The bioavailable Cd in solid sediment was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of clay, ORP, and solid organic carbon and significantly negatively correlated with pH. The single factor linear regression analysis showed that ORP had the greatest effect on the complex-state Cd in the aqueous phase, with regression coefficients of 0.864 and 0.824, respectively. The bioavailable Cd in solid sediment at different depths was significantly affected by the proportion of clay, and the regression coefficients were 0.968, 0.980, 0.977, and 0.877, respectively. The above results indicate that the distribution of total Cd content in the typical intertidal environment of the Greater Bay Area was affected by the characteristics of urban economic development, whereas the allocation of Cd morphology was closely related to environmental factors.

PMID:35258201 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202105225

Eur J Pain. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1931. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that chronotype, the individual preference for 24-hour circadian rhythms, influences health. Sleep problems and mental distress are among the greatest risk factors for musculoskeletal (MS) pain. The aims of this study were first, to explore the associations between chronotypes and MS pain, with special reference to disabling MS pain, and second, to test whether mental distress and insomnia have a modifying role in the associations between chronotypes and MS pain.

METHODS: The dataset of 4,961 individuals was composed of Northern Finns surveyed on MS pain, chronotypes, and confounding factors (sex, insomnia, sleep duration, smoking, mental distress, occupational status, education level, and number of co-existing diseases) at 46 years. The relationships between chronotypes (evening [E], intermediate [I], and morning [M]) and MS pain were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. To address the second aim, we included an interaction term (chronotype*mental distress, chronotype*insomnia) in the logistic model.

RESULTS: Compared to the M-types, both the E- and I-types had increased odds of suffering ‘disabling pain’ in the unadjusted model (odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-2.33; OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.29-1.84, respectively). However, the association remained statistically significant only after adjusting for all covariates among the I-types (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15-1.67). Neither mental distress nor insomnia was found to modify the chronotype-MS pain association.

CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of chronotypes for individuals’ MS health but suggest the presence of confounding factors in the interplay between these factors.

PMID:35258149 | DOI:10.1002/ejp.1931

Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Mar 8;43(3):1315-1322. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202107116.

ABSTRACT

Composting plants are an important source of airborne fungi. At present, no research has been reported on differences in the types and abundance of escaped fungi in different working areas, which makes it very difficult to comprehensively assess the ecological health risks of the air in composting plants. In light of this situation, this study collected air samples from the composting, packaging, office, and downwind areas of the composting plants and used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze and compare the biological diversity and community structure of airborne fungi in the four areas. The source of airborne fungi in offices and downwind areas was further traced. The results showed that the highest abundance and diversity of airborne fungi were found in the packing and composting areas of the composting plants. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were two fungal phyla with the highest relative abundance in the four regions. Overall, the distribution of dominant fungal genera differed; Trichocomaceae and Davidiella were the dominant genera in three areas of the composting plants. Among the 136 detected fungal genera, the number of endemic airborne fungal genera in the composting and packaging area was the largest, and 52.94% of the fungal genera was shared by the four areas. At the level of fungal genera, the community structures in the air in three areas of the composting plants were similar. The statistical difference analysis results of the key genera in different areas of the composting plants showed that the number of different fungal genera between the downwind, packaging, and composting areas was the largest, and no statistically different fungal genera were detected in the air between the packaging and composting areas. The Source Tracker analysis results showed that the contribution percentage of the packaging and composting areas to the airborne fungi in the office and downwind areas was between 9.52%-15.85%. The results of this study will provide basic data for evaluating the relationship between airborne fungal exposure and human health in different areas of the composting plant, as well as its ecological impact on the surrounding air environment.

PMID:35258195 | DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.202107116

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28135. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, and it is meaningful to assess the subtype and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in lung cancer noninvasively by imaging methods.

PURPOSE: To differentiate noninvasively small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and EGFR mutation-type from wild-type NSCLC by comparing amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and 2-[¹⁸ F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸ F-FDG PET).

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

POPULATION: A total of 99 patients with lung cancer.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: APTWI and DWI at ¹⁸ F-FDG PET/MRI 3.0 T.

ASSESSMENT: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym [3.5 ppm]), maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max ), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated and compared.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Individual sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Logistic regression, and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In NSCLC, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), MTV, and TLG were significantly lower and ADC was significantly higher than in SCLC; MTRasym (3.5 ppm) was significantly higher and SUV_max , MTV, and TLG were significantly lower in EGFR mutation-type NSCLC than in EGFR wild-type NSCLC. In the identification of SCLC and NSCLC, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), ADC, and MTV were independent predictors, the AUCs of the combination of independent predictors, MTV, TLG, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), and ADC were 0.942, 0.875, 0.843, 0.814, and 0.687, respectively. In the identification of EGFR mutation-type and wild-type NSCLC, MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and MTV were independent predictors, the AUCs of the combination of independent predictors, TLG, MTV, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), and SUV_max were 0.919, 0.834, 0.813, 0.795, and 0.771, respectively.

DATA CONCLUSION: In the noninvasive assessment of lung cancer subtype and EGFR status, APTWI has similar utility to diffusion and metabolic parameters.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.

PMID:35258145 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28135

J Prosthodont. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13504. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in a minipig model, the soft tissue integration of four different transmucosal materials, as well as the peri-implant bone remodeling.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 implants were placed in five minipigs in a single stage surgery, and two of each of the following abutment materials were used in each animal: (1) titanium (Ti; control), (2) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), (3) zirconia (Zi), and (4) veneering ceramic (VC). After a healing period of 3 months, the samples were collected and subjected to non-decalcified histology. The soft tissue dimensions (sulcus, junctional epithelium, and connective tissue attachment) were assessed on each abutment and the distance from the implant margin to first bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was measured.

RESULTS: The mean biological width-characterized by the sum of junctional epithelium and connective tissue measurements-was 3.8 (0.6) mm and no statistically significant difference was found between the four groups (P = 0.41). However, a long junctional epithelium (3.3-3.8 mm) and a very short connective tissue attachment (0.1-0.2 mm) were observed with all abutments. The measured peri-implant bone remodeling was similar in all four groups (P = 0.88).

CONCLUSIONS: Within its limitations, the present study showed that all tested materials allowed soft tissue integration, consisting of a long junctional epithelium, extending close to the bone level, and a rather short portion of connective tissue. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35258144 | DOI:10.1111/jopr.13504

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28143. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Heart involvement is frequent although often clinically silent in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Early identification of cardiac involvement can be improved by noninvasive methods such as MRI, in addition to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of phase-contrast (PC)-MRI to detect subclinical left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular diastolic dysfunction in SSc patients.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

POPULATION: Thirty-five consecutive SSc patients (49 ± 14 years) and 35 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (48.6 ± 13.5 years) who underwent TTE and MRI in the same week.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 5 T/PC-MRI using a breath-hold velocity-encoded gradient echo sequence.

ASSESSMENT: LV TTE (E/E’) and LV and RV PC-MRI indices of diastolic function (LV early and late transmitral [E_M , Ef_M , A_M , Af_M ] and RV transtricuspid [E_T , Ef_T , A_T , Af_T ] peak filling flow velocities and flow rates, as well as LV [ EM‘ ] and RV [ ET‘ ] peak longitudinal myocardial velocities during diastole) were measured.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Two-tailed t-test, Wilcoxon test, or Fischer test for comparison of variables between SSc and healthy control groups; sensitivity, specificity, receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) to assess discriminative ability of variables. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: TTE LV E/E’ and MRI E_M / EM‘ and E_T / ET‘ were significantly higher in SSc patients than in controls (8.27 ± 1.25 vs. 6.70 ± 1.66; 9.43 ± 2.7 vs. 6.51 ± 1.50; 6.51 [4.70-10.40] vs. 4.13 [3.22-5.75], respectively) and separated SSc patients and healthy controls with good sensitivity (68%, 71%, and 80%), specificity (85%, 94%, and 62%), and AUC (0.787, 0.807, and 0.765). LV Ef_M was significantly higher in SSc patients than in controls (347.1 ± 113.7 vs. 284.7 ± 94.6) as RVAf_T (277 [231-355] vs. 220 [154-253] mL/sec) with impaired relaxation pattern (Ef_T /Af_T , 0.95 [0.87-1.21] vs. 1.12 [0.93-1.47]).

DATA CONCLUSION: MRI was able to detect LV and RV diastolic dysfunction in SSc patients with good accuracy in the absence of LV systolic dysfunction at echocardiography. Use of MRI can allow to better assess the early impact of myocardial fibrosis related to SSc.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.

PMID:35258133 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28143

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.1002/uog.24896. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin complicated by type III selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) are at high risk of fetal death. Our aim was to identify predictors of fetal death.

METHODS: We performed an international multicenter retrospective cohort study. Type III sFGR was defined as fetal growth of one twin below the 10th percentile and intertwin growth difference of 25% or more, in combination with intermittent absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery of the smaller fetus. Predictors of fetal death were longitudinally recorded throughout gestation and assessed in uni- and multivariable using logistic regression models. The classification and regression trees (CART) method was used to construct a prediction model of fetal death using significant predictors derived from the univariable analysis.

RESULTS: Three-hundred and eight twin pregnancies (616 fetuses) were included in the analysis. In 273 pregnancies (88.6%) both twins were liveborn, whereas in 35 pregnancies there was either a single (n=19; 6.2%) or a double fetal death (n=16; 5.2%). Earlier gestational age at diagnosis of type III sFGR, oligohydramnios of the smaller twin and deterioration of umbilical artery Doppler flow were associated with an increased risk of fetal death. Neither parameter identified in the univariable analysis maintained statistical significance in multivariable analysis. The CART model allowed to identify three risk groups: a low risk group (risk of fetal death 6.8%) where the umbilical artery Doppler did not deteriorate, an intermediate risk group (risk of fetal death 16.3%) where the umbilical artery Doppler deteriorated but the diagnosis of sIUGR was first made after 16+5 weeks’ gestation and a high-risk group (risk of fetal death 79%) where the umbilical artery Doppler deteriorated and gestational age at diagnosis was less than 16+5 weeks’ gestation.

CONCLUSIONS: Type III sFGR is associated with a high risk of fetal death. A prediction algorithm can help identifying the highest risk group (Doppler deterioration and early presentation). Further studies should investigate the potential benefit of fetal surveillance and intervention in this cohort. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35258125 | DOI:10.1002/uog.24896