Tag: pubmed

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Apr 7:1-27. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1906624. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Wine is a high-value alcoholic beverage welcomed by consumers because of its flavor and nutritional value. The key information on wine bottle label is the basis of consumers’ choice, which also becomes a target for manufacturers to adulterate, including geographical origin, grape variety and vintage. With the improvement of wine adulteration technology, modern technological means are needed to solve the above mentioned problems. The chemical basis of wine determines the type of technique used. Detection technology can be subdivided into four groups: mass spectrometry techniques, spectroscopic techniques, chromatography techniques, and other techniques. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data was performed by means of chemometrics methods. This paper outlines a series of procedures for wine classification and identification, and classified the analytical techniques and data processing methods used in recent years with listing their principles, advantages and disadvantages to help wine researchers choose appropriate methods to meet the challenge and ensure wine traceability and authenticity.

PMID:33825545 | DOI:10.1080/10408398.2021.1906624

Adv Physiol Educ. 2021 Jun 1;45(2):269-275. doi: 10.1152/advan.00157.2020.

ABSTRACT

Basic medical laboratory courses (BMLCs) play an important role in medical educational courses helping the student acquire three important skills of surgical operating, collaborative learning, and problem solving. The outcome-based student assessment (OBSA) is a learning evaluation method that establishes specific evaluation points based on performance of students in three aspects: surgical operating, collaborative learning, and problem solving in the BMLC curriculum practices. The purpose of the present randomized controlled trial study is to explore the efficiency of OBSA program in BMLCs. The 233 students attending BMLCs were randomly divided into 2 groups, 118 in the OBSA group and 115 in the control group. We conducted multiple-choice examination questions (MCQs) test and two questionnaires with the method of two-sample t test for statistics. The results of MCQs in total eight BMLC blocks showed that the academic performance of the OBSA group was significantly better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the average scores of direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) and mini-experimental evaluation exercise in OBSA group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The majority of the medical students preferred the OBSA and considered OBSA could effectively improve their surgical operating skills (83.9%), collaborative learning skills (92.1%), and problem-solving skills (91.1%). From the above, OBSA is an effective evaluation method for the implementation of the BMLC curriculum.

PMID:33825525 | DOI:10.1152/advan.00157.2020

J Phys Chem Lett. 2021 Apr 7:3618-3624. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00577. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

We computationally studied the photoisomerization reaction of the retinal chromophore in rhodopsin using a two-state two-mode model coupled to thermal baths. Reaction quantum yields at the steady state (10 ps and beyond) were found to be considerably different than their transient values, suggesting a weak correlation between transient and steady-state dynamics in these systems. Significantly, the steady-state quantum yield was highly sensitive to minute changes in system parameters, while transient dynamics was nearly unaffected. Correlation of such sensitivity with standard level spacing statistics of the nonadiabatic vibronic system suggests a possible origin in quantum chaos. The significance of this observation of quantum yield parametric sensitivity in biological models of vision has profound conceptual and fundamental implications.

PMID:33825472 | DOI:10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00577

Nano Lett. 2021 Apr 7. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04491. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Developing nanoscale electrical characterization techniques adapted to three-dimensional (3D) geometry is essential for optimization of the epitaxial structure and doping process of nano- and microwires. In this paper, we demonstrate the assessment of the depletion width as well as the doping profile at the nanoscale of individual microwire core-shell light-emitting devices by capacitance-voltage measurements. A statistical study carried out on single wires shows the consistency of the doping profile values measured for individual microwires compared to assemblies of hundreds of wires processed on the same sample. The robustness of this method is then demonstrated on four epitaxial structures with different growth and doping conditions. Finally, electron-beam-induced current and secondary electron profiles are used to validate the depletion region width and the position in the core-shell structure.

PMID:33825480 | DOI:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04491

Genome. 2021 Apr 7:1-12. doi: 10.1139/gen-2020-0018. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

While free-living herbivorous insects are thought to harbor microbial communities composed of transient bacteria derived from their diet, recent studies indicate that insects that induce galls on plants may be involved in more intimate host-microbe relationships. We used 16S rDNA metabarcoding to survey larval microbiomes of 20 nematine sawfly species that induce bud or leaf galls on 13 Salix species. The 391 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) detected represented 69 bacterial genera in six phyla. Multi-variate statistical analyses showed that the structure of larval microbiomes is influenced by willow host species as well as by gall type. Nevertheless, a “core” microbiome composed of 58 ASVs is shared widely across the focal galler species. Within the core community, the presence of many abundant, related ASVs representing multiple distantly related bacterial taxa is reflected as a statistically significant effect of bacterial phylogeny on galler-microbe associations. Members of the core community have a variety of inferred functions, including degradation of phenolic compounds, nutrient supplementation, and production of plant hormones. Hence, our results support suggestions of intimate and diverse interactions between galling insects and microbes and add to a growing body of evidence that microbes may play a role in the induction of insect galls on plants.

PMID:33825503 | DOI:10.1139/gen-2020-0018

Radiology. 2021 Apr 6:203655. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2021203655. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Background Rapid knee MRI using combined simultaneous multislice (SMS) technique and parallel imaging (PI) acceleration can add value through reduced acquisition time but requires validation of clinical efficacy. Purpose To evaluate the performance of clinical fourfold SMS-PI-accelerated, 5-minute, five-sequence, multicontrast knee MRI protocols compared with standard twofold PI-accelerated, 10-minute knee MRI protocols. Materials and Methods Adults with painful knee conditions were prospectively enrolled from April 2018 to October 2019. Participants underwent fourfold SMS-PI-accelerated, 5-minute, turbo spin-echo (TSE) knee MRI and standard-of-care twofold PI-accelerated, 10-minute, TSE knee MRI at either 1.5 T or 3.0 T. Three radiologists independently evaluated the knee MRI studies for meniscal, tendinous, ligamentous, and osseocartilaginous injuries. Statistical analyses included k-based intermethod agreements and diagnostic performance testing. P < .05 was considered indicative of a statistically significant difference. Results A total of 252 adults were evaluated (mean age ± standard deviation, 47 years ± 17; 134 men). Among the participants, 104 (mean age, 42 years 5 18; 57 women) were in the 1.5-T arm and 148 (mean age, 46 years 5 17; 87 men) were in the 3.0-T arm. Twenty-nine participants (mean age, 38 years 5 12; 15 men) in the 1.5-T arm and 42 (mean age, 41 years 5 16; 24 men) in the 3.0-T arm underwent arthroscopy a mean of 45 days 5 31 and 45 days 5 22 after MRI, respectively. Intermethod agreements were good at 1.5 T (κ >0.71 [95% CI: 0.56, 0.83]) and very good at 3.0 T (κ >0.85 [95% CI: 0.69, 0.96]). The diagnostic performances of corresponding 5-minute and 10-minute MRI protocols were similar for 1.5 T, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) greater than 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.84) (P > .32), and 3.0 T, with AUCs greater than 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.88) (P > .32). Conclusion Comparisons of 5-minute five-sequence simultaneous multislice- and parallel imaging (PI)-accelerated and 10-minute five-sequence PI-accelerated turbo spin-echo MRI of the knee suggest similar performances at 1.5 and 3.0 T. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Subhas in this issue.

PMID:33825510 | DOI:10.1148/radiol.2021203655

J Adhes Dent. 2021 Apr 7;23(2):159-165. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.b1079585.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of inclusion of two dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations in simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives on dentin bonding durability after three years of water storage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two caries-free third molars were divided into six experimental groups (n = 7) according to the following factors: 1) adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M Oral Care; Prime&Bond 2.1 [PB], Dentsply Sirona); 2) concentration of DMSO (control group: 0.0% DMSO; addition of 0.2% DMSO [0.2] and 2% DMSO [2.0]). After completing restoration, specimens were stored in water (37°C) for 24 h, sectioned into adhesive-dentin sticks (0.8 mm2), tested for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) at 0.5 mm/min, and examined for nanoleakage (NL) using SEM immediately thereafter or after three years of water storage. Data were subjected to a three-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) for each property evaluated.

RESULTS: After three years of water storage, for both adhesives, the incorporation of 2% DMSO maintained the µTBS when compared to immediate µTBS (p > 0.05). In general, SB resulted in a statistically significantly higher mean of µTBS compared to PB, independent of the DMSO concentration after water storage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the amount of NL was lower and practically limited to the hybrid layer given the concentrations of 0.2% and 2% DMSO for both tested adhesives after three years.

CONCLUSION: The incorporation of DMSO in simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives maintains the long-term stability of the dentin bond.

PMID:33825429 | DOI:10.3290/j.jad.b1079585

J Adhes Dent. 2021 Apr 7;23(2):167-175. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.b1079597.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of root canal irrigants, dentin surface treatment, and timing of the restoration on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a universal adhesive to deep coronal dentin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety (90) intact molars were grouped according to the irrigation protocol: group 0 (saline, control group); group 1: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by 5.25% NaOCl; group 2: 18% etidronic acid (HEDP) + 5.25% NaOCl in a single mixture. Groups 1 and 2 were divided into 2 subgroups (n = = 10) according to the time of restoration: immediate (subgroup A) and after 7 days (subgroup B). Four other groups (n = 10) were created according to the dentin surface pretreatment and received an immediate restoration: group 3: 5.25% NaOCl – 17% EDTA and AH Plus Cleaner; group 4: 5.25% NaOCl – 17% EDTA and 100% ethanol; group 5: 5.25% NaOCl + 18% HEDP and AH Plus Cleaner; group 6: 5.25% NaOCl + 18% HEDP and 100% ethanol. μTBS testing was carried out for each subgroup and interfaces were analyzed through SEM. The μTBS was analyzed with Welch statistics and the post-hoc Games-Howell test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between test groups and control groups (p < 0.001), except for group 3 (p = 0.349). No significant differences were recorded between groups 1A (27.5 ± 8.7 MPa), 2A (32.6 ± 14.5 MPa) and 3 (27.3 ± 14.3 MPa). Group 6 (48.6 ± 11.6 MPa) exhibited the highest μTBS among all tested groups. For groups 1 and 2, significantly higher values were recorded for subgroups 1B (39.3 ± 7.6 MPa) and 2B (43.8 ± 8.3 MPa) compared to subgroups 1A (27.5 ± 8.7 MPa) and 2A (32.6 ± 14.5 MPa).

CONCLUSION: When using NaOCl as root canal irrigant, it is advisable to delay the placement of a post-endodontic-treatment restoration.

PMID:33825430 | DOI:10.3290/j.jad.b1079597

Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi. 2021 Apr 8;45(2):194-199. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2021.02.015.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To understand the current situation of artificial intelligence production enterprise quality management system, so as to provide reference basis for the research and standardization of Artificial Intelligence Medical Device (AIMD) product quality management.

METHODS: Based on YY/T 0287-2017 Medical Device Quality Management System for Regulatory Requirements, Medical Equipment Production and the Quality Control Standard for Independent Software Appendix and Xavier GMLP report, the relevant factors were screened and the questionnaire was designed by combining expert consultation and literature review. Then, a total of 32 representative AIMD enterprises were invited to fill in the questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data results using Excel 2016.

RESULTS: Through in-depth analysis of the four themes in product planning and design, result output, product quality control and product change, it was found that it was necessary for enterprises participating in the survey to improve the quality management system of AIMD products to different degrees.

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first time to systematically investigate the status quo of quality management of AIMD enterprises. The result will be useful for the establishment and continuous improvement of product quality management system. It will also provide a reference for the research of AIMD product quality management and the establishment of the standard.

PMID:33825381 | DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2021.02.015

J Adhes Dent. 2021 Apr 7;23(2):113-119. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.b1079547.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of different surface treatments of two CAD/CAM glass ceramics on surface topography, shear bond strength of composite cement, flexural strength, and elastic modulus.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two ceramics were evaluated: lithium-disilicate (LDS) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) glass ceramics. Glass ceramics were sintered and the surfaces were sandblasted (SBL) or etched with 9% hydrofluoric acid for 10 s (HF10), 20 s (HF20) or 30 s (HF30). The treated surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) to evaluate the etching pattern. For bond strength testing, ceramic samples were silanized after treatments and an adhesive was applied to the surface. Afterwards, a silicone mold was used to build composite-cement cylinders, which were tested after 24 h or one year of water storage (n = 10). Flexural strength and modulus were assessed using a 3-point bending test (n = 15). The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a pre-set α = 0.05.

RESULTS: SBL and HF resulted in different surface topographies. Increased HF etching time influenced the surface dissolution level and exposition of crystals for LDS, while no effect of etching time was observed for ZLS. After one year, the bond strength to LDS significantly decreased, regardless of treatments. For ZLS, HF10 and HF20 showed stable bond strengths over time. SBL yielded the lowest bond strength for both ceramics and statistically significantly reduced the flexural strength of ZLS. The flexural strength and elastic modulus of ceramics were not affected by different etching times.

CONCLUSION: Bonding stability depended on the glass ceramic and the pretreatment method employed. HF etching did not change the mechanical properties of the ceramics and is indicated as a ceramic treatment for bonding.

PMID:33825425 | DOI:10.3290/j.jad.b1079547