Tag: pubmed

J Prosthodont Res. 2021 Dec 1. doi: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00112. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study systematically reviewed the literature to compare the bond strength of resin composites with that of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and lithium disilicate (LD).

STUDY SELECTION: This review was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA 2020) statement. This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021256900). Studies were searched via PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases without language or publication year limits. In vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength of the resin composites to ZLS and LD were included. The risk of bias in all the included articles was evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager software (version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK).

RESULTS: Of the 90 potentially related articles, the full texts of 16 articles were evaluated after screening. Finally, sevenstudies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. All the studies presented a medium risk of bias. The results showed no significant difference in bond strength between the ZLS and LD groups (P = 0.94, mean difference=0.08, and 95% confidence interval=-1.93 to 2.10). However, a significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis considering different types of aging treatments (P = 0.0008) and different types of bond strength tests (P < 0.00001).

CONCLUSION: The bond strength of resin composites was found to be similar to that of ZLS and LD, but different aging treatments and bond strength tests exhibited varying effects on the bond strength.

PMID:34853237 | DOI:10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00112

J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(12):569-587. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.569.

ABSTRACT

The liver plays critical roles to maintain homeostasis of living organisms and is also a major target organ of chemical toxicity. Meanwhile, nuclear receptors (NRs) are known to regulate major liver functions and also as a critical target for hepatotoxic compounds. In this study, we established mammalian one-hybrid assay systems for five rat-derived NRs, namely PXR, PPARα, LXRα, FXR and RXRα, and evaluated a total of 326 compounds for their NR-activating profiles. Then, we assessed the association between their NR-activating profile and hepatotoxic endpoints in repeated-dose toxicity data of male rats from Hazard Evaluation Support System. In the in vitro cell-based assays, 68, 38, 20, 17 and 17 compounds were identified as positives for PXR, PPARα, LXRα, FXR and RXRα, respectively. The association analyses demonstrated that the PXR-positive compounds showed high frequency of endpoints related to liver hypertrophy, such as centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy, suggesting that PXR activation is involved in chemical-induced liver hypertrophy in rats. It is intriguing to note that the PXR-positive compounds also showed statistically significant associations with both prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and prolonged prothrombin time, suggesting a possible involvement of PXR in the regulation of blood clotting factors. Collectively, our approach may be useful for discovering new functions of NRs as well as understanding the complex mechanism for hepatotoxicity caused by chemical compounds.

PMID:34853243 | DOI:10.2131/jts.46.569

Int Heart J. 2021;62(6):1320-1327. doi: 10.1536/ihj.21-309.

ABSTRACT

Data examining the relationship between arterial stiffness and triglyceride (TG) and other cardiovascular risk factors have remained to be sparse.Of the 5,109 patients with any cardiovascular risk factors in the Cardiovascular Prognostic Coupling Study in Japan (the Coupling Registry), the data of 1,534 patients who had no history of cardiovascular disease and were without low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) -lowering therapy (average age 67.9 ± 12.0 years, 55% males) were analyzed. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Among the clinical and behavioral cardiovascular risk factors, the significant factors that constituted the CAVI value were smoking, diabetes, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher TG. After adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), only TG (odds ratio [OR] per 1 standard deviation, 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.44]) and diabetes (OR, 1.52 [1.22-1.90]) were found to be associated with a risk of higher CAVI (≥ 9.0). TG (C-statistic, 0.80 [0.78-0.82]; P = 0.040) and diabetes (C-statistic, 0.80 [0.78-0.82]; P = 0.038) significantly improved the discrimination of the risk of a higher CAVI beyond the model that included age, sex, and BMI.TG was associated with a risk of arterial stiffness, and its contribution was slight but almost the same as that of diabetes among patients who had cardiovascular risk without a history of cardiovascular disease and LDL-C-lowering therapy.

PMID:34853225 | DOI:10.1536/ihj.21-309

Int Heart J. 2021;62(6):1235-1240. doi: 10.1536/ihj.21-328.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke are often diagnosed in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, little has been reported regarding the incidence.Patients with AAA were selected from the National Health Insurance system in South Korea between 2009 and 2015. A total of 10,822 participants with a new diagnosis of AAA were included. Propensity score matching by age and sex with patients in whom AAA was not diagnosed was used to select the control group of 32,466 participants. Primary endpoints included the diagnosis of CVD and death. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the risk of disease incidence.The incidence of CVD was 16.573 per 1,000 person-years in the AAA group, which was higher than that of the control group’s 9.30 per 1,000 person-years. The incidence of MI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.479-1.953), stroke (HR, 1.629; 95% CI, 1.443-1.839), and CVD (HR, 1.672; 95% CI, 1.522-1.835) was significantly higher in patients with AAA. Mortality rate was also elevated in the AAA group (HR, 2.544; 95% CI, 2.377-2.722).The incidence of CVD was significantly more frequent in patients with AAA. The AAA group had consistently higher risks regarding CVD and mortality than the control group.

PMID:34853219 | DOI:10.1536/ihj.21-328

Int Heart J. 2021;62(6):1297-1304. doi: 10.1536/ihj.21-307.

ABSTRACT

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) frequently induce cardiovascular adverse events, though VEGFR-TKIs contribute to the improvement of the prognosis of patients with malignancies. It is widely accepted that VEGFR-TKIs impair left ventricular systolic functions; however, their effects on diastolic functions remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of VEGFR-TKIs on left ventricular diastolic functions. This study was designed as a retrospective single-center cohort study in Japan. We assessed 24 cases who received VEGFR-TKI monotherapy (sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) above 50% during the therapy at the Osaka University Hospital from January 2008 to June 2019. Left ventricular diastolic functions were evaluated by the change in echocardiographic parameters before and after the VEGFR-TKI treatment. Both septal e’ and lateral e’s decreased after treatment (septal e’: before, 6.1 ± 1.8; after, 5.0 ± 1.9; n = 21, P < 0.01; lateral e’: before, 8.7 ± 2.8; after, 6.9 ± 2.3; n = 21, P < 0.01). E/A declined after VEGFR-TKIs administration, though not statistically significantly. In 20 cases with at least one risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), E/A significantly decreased (0.87 ± 0.34 versus 0.68 ± 0.14; P < 0.05) as well as the septal and lateral e’s. These results suggest that treatment with VEGFR-TKIs impairs left ventricular diastolic functions in patients with preserved LVEF, especially in those with risk factors for HFpEF.

PMID:34853223 | DOI:10.1536/ihj.21-307

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Dec 7;118(49):e2113206118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2113206118.

ABSTRACT

Fishes exhibit an astounding diversity of locomotor behaviors from classic swimming with their body and fins to jumping, flying, walking, and burrowing. Fishes that use their body and caudal fin (BCF) during undulatory swimming have been traditionally divided into modes based on the length of the propulsive body wave and the ratio of head:tail oscillation amplitude: anguilliform, subcarangiform, carangiform, and thunniform. This classification was first proposed based on key morphological traits, such as body stiffness and elongation, to group fishes based on their expected swimming mechanics. Here, we present a comparative study of 44 diverse species quantifying the kinematics and morphology of BCF-swimming fishes. Our results reveal that most species we studied share similar oscillation amplitude during steady locomotion that can be modeled using a second-degree order polynomial. The length of the propulsive body wave was shorter for species classified as anguilliform and longer for those classified as thunniform, although substantial variability existed both within and among species. Moreover, there was no decrease in head:tail amplitude from the anguilliform to thunniform mode of locomotion as we expected from the traditional classification. While the expected swimming modes correlated with morphological traits, they did not accurately represent the kinematics of BCF locomotion. These results indicate that even fish species differing as substantially in morphology as tuna and eel exhibit statistically similar two-dimensional midline kinematics and point toward unifying locomotor hydrodynamic mechanisms that can serve as the basis for understanding aquatic locomotion and controlling biomimetic aquatic robots.

PMID:34853171 | DOI:10.1073/pnas.2113206118

J Prosthodont Res. 2021 Dec 2. doi: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00044. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the interfacial fracture toughness (IFT) of two MDP-based composite cements and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) with third-generation zirconia CAD-CAM restorations using two different airborne-particle abrasion (AB) pressures.

METHODS: Blocks were cut into prisms (n=60), split and sintered to the desired equilateral half prisms. Half-prisms were divided into two groups for AB at 0.5 or 2.5 bar with 50 µm Al₂O₃ particles. Each group was then further divided into 3 subgroups, and half-prisms were bonded to their counterparts with Panavia V5 (V5), Panavia Self Adhesive Cement Plus (SA), or RMGIC Fuji Plus (n=10/group). The IFT was determined using the Notchless Triangular Prism test in a water bath at 36°C after thermocycling (10,000 cycles). Surface roughness and SEM analyses were performed for representative zirconia samples after AB, and composite cements were tested for flexural strength and wettability.

RESULTS: SA (2.5 bar) showed a significantly higher IFT. The 3 other groups with SA and V5 showed no significant difference in their IFT values regardless of the AB pressure (1-way ANOVA). Weibull analysis of SA was higher than V5. All RMGIC samples debonded while thermocycling, and were, therefore, not included in the statistical analysis. Surface roughness increased with increasing AB pressure, and both cements showed similar flexural strength values and good wettability.

CONCLUSION: Contrary to RMGIC, composite cements show high performance with zirconia after AB. Increasing AB pressure enhances the micromechanical retention of composite cement. Future perspectives should include study of the effect of AB pressure on zirconia surface properties.

PMID:34853211 | DOI:10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00044

Saudi Med J. 2021 Dec;42(12):1357-1361. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.12.20210572.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic significance of nodal yield in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 40 patients with cN0 OCSCC who underwent treatment with at least 6 months of follow-up data from November 2012 to April 2020. We recorded the variables, including patient demographics, cancer site, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, type of treatment, lymph node yield (LNY), histopathologic diagnosis, and recurrence. The recorded data were analyzed with descriptive and interferential statistics using specific tests.

RESULTS: Our study cohort comprised of 27 males and 13 females with a mean age of 60.08+13.153 years. Tongue (55%) was the commonly affected site. Seventeen (42.5%) patients belonged to TNM stage II. The mean LNY in our study was 38.65±25.41 (range 7-98). Following surgery, 19 (47.5%) patients further received adjuvant therapies. Recurrence was reported only in 4 (10%) patients. There was no significant difference between LNY and recurrence rate (p=0.892). Factors including, age (p=0.121), gender (p=0.209), site (p=0.519), size of tumor (p=0.416) did not influence the LNY.

CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between LNY and recurrence in cN0 OCSCC patients in our study. Meticulous neck dissection and thorough pathologic reporting prevents TNM under staging and improves the overall survival and prognosis.

PMID:34853142 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.12.20210572

Tob Control. 2021 Dec 1:tobaccocontrol-2021-056970. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056970. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: In light of the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposal to ban menthol cigarettes, this study updates trends in menthol cigarette use among adolescents age 13-18 years up to the year 2020. The study considers a potential role for the ban to reduce black/non-black disparities in menthol cigarette use, as well as a counterargument that a ban is not necessary because menthol use is already diminishing.

METHODS: Data are from annual, cross-sectional, nationally representative Monitoring the Future (MTF) surveys of 85 547 8th, 10th and 12th grade students surveyed between 2012 and 2020. Analyses include trends in past 30-day menthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking among the total adolescent population, as well as stratified by race/ethnicity.

RESULTS: Declines in adolescent menthol and non-menthol cigarette smoking continued through 2020 so that in 2018-2020 past 30-day prevalence for each was less than 1% for non-Hispanic black adolescents and less than 2.2% for non-black adolescents. For non-Hispanic black adolescents no smoking declines in mentholated or non-mentholated cigarette use from 2015-2017 to 2018-2020 were statistically significant, in part because prevalence levels approached a floor effect and had little room to fall further. Menthol levels were lower for non-Hispanic black versus all other adolescents in all study years.

CONCLUSIONS: Continuing declines in adolescent menthol prevalence indicate that both menthol prevalence and also black/non-black disparities in its use are steadily decreasing. However, these decreases in adolescence will take decades to reach later ages through generational replacement. Efforts to accelerate menthol decreases will require new initiatives to increase cessation among adult menthol users.

PMID:34853161 | DOI:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056970

Saudi Med J. 2021 Dec;42(12):1341-1352. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.12.20210576.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify the self-reported vaccine-related side effects among healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the Jazan province, Saudi Arabia, and determine the associated socio-demographic factors. With the recent second and third waves of coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) infections worldwide, the race is not only to encourage but also to achieve mass vaccination.

METHODS: A total of 397 HCPs from across Jazan province participated in an anonymous online cross-sectional survey conducted for a period of 45 days (March 30, 2021 to May 13, 2021) in Jazan province, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a validated 22-items self-report survey.

RESULTS: For both COVID-19 vaccines, majority of reports were related to flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, headache, fatigue, tiredness, and myalgia. Statistically significant associations were observed between the severity of side effects and gender (χ²=73.32; p<0.001), type of vaccine (χ²=112.08; p<0.001), and presence of known allergies (χ²=99.69; p<0.001). Female HCPs were more likely to report any side effects compared with male HCPs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.72; p<0.001). Furthermore, HCPs with known allergies were more likely to report any side effects than their counterparts with unknown allergies (AOR: 16.29; p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study would help in designing educational programs aimed at combating the misconstrued fear of vaccination and highlighting the urgent need of getting vaccinated. This study also helps in the identification of factors affecting the presence and severity of side effects.

PMID:34853140 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.12.20210576