Tag: pubmed

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Aug 1;22(8):922-927.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To analyze the clinical effectiveness of three new gingival retraction systems: knitted retraction cord, expanding polyvinyl siloxane, and aluminium chloride containing paste.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients were enrolled with age-group of more than 18 years and who required fixed prosthesis with minimum of two abutments. A preliminary impression of the arch was made with a stock metal tray and irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. Group WR-impression without retraction, Group A-impression after retraction with gingival retraction cord, Group B-impression after retraction with expanding polyvinyl siloxane, and Group C-impression after retraction with aluminium chloride containing paste. A total of four impressions were made for each abutment tooth. Each impression was given a label 1WR, 1A, 1B, 1C-20WR, 20A, 20B, 20C: where 1 denoted the sample number. Comparison of the stereomicroscopic images was done using image analysis software. Time required from start of placement of gingival displacement agents till completion was recorded in seconds with the help of a stop clock.

RESULTS: The mean gingival retraction was found to be the highest for subjects of Group C followed by Group A, Group B, and Group WR. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Highly significant mean difference in time of placement was observed between Group A and Group B, between Group B and Group C, and between Group C and Group A.

CONCLUSION: The aluminium chloride containing paste was found effective in almost all the variables considered.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The choice of particular gingival retraction system/technique is dependent upon the clinical variables and on operator’s preference.

PMID:34753845

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Aug 1;22(8):933-938.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between parity and dental caries among US women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2004) data for parous women aged 20-45 years were used for our analysis (n = 1,914). The association between parity (number of pregnancies resulted in live births) and caries experience [the decayed, missing, and filling teeth (DMFT) index] was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. SAS software version 9.1 was used for the statistical analyses. We used survey procedures (e.g., SURVEYFREQ, SURVEYMEANS, and SURVEYREG) that incorporate information on the appropriate weights to account for NHANES’s complex sampling design.

RESULTS: The bivariate analysis showed a trend of increase in dental caries experience among parous women as the number of live births increased (p = 0.007). After adjusting for confounders, such as age, socioeconomic status (SES), dental care coverage, and utilization, a significant association was still observed between parity level and dental caries experience (p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that higher parity can be associated with dental caries experience among US women of reproductive age.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinicians should be aware of this finding to promote better oral health care and education among women with increased parity.

PMID:34753847

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Aug 1;22(8):914-921.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of an innovative herbal licorice mouthwash on reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels versus chlorhexidine mouthwash in high caries risk patients.

METHODOLOGY: A total number of 52 high caries risk patients were assigned to this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 26) according to the type of mouthwash (G): Patients in group G₁ used the mouthwash containing chlorhexidine, while patients in group G₂ used the mouthwash containing the innovative licorice extract. Afterward, each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the time (T): T₀ represents the baseline, T₁ represents the time immediately after using the mouthwash, and T₂ represents the time 1 week after using the mouthwash. Furthermore, pH and plaque index were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using a Chi-square test for categorical data, Shapiro-Wilk test for numerical data, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for intragroup comparisons. The significance level was set at p ≤0.05 for all tests. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM^® SPSS^® Statistics version 26 for Windows.

RESULTS: It was found that in high caries risk patients, there was no significant difference between licorice and chlorhexidine mouthwashes regarding Streptococcus bacterial count. Moreover, it was found that licorice mouthwash stimulates salivary flow, and thus, it raises salivary pH in patients with high caries risk. However, the plaque index of chlorhexidine showed better results. Additionally, there was a positive weak correlation between bacterial count and plaque index.

CONCLUSIONS: Licorice mouthwash may demonstrate a promising antibacterial effect that can be a suitable alternative for current synthetic mouthwashes.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Natural herbal mouthwash could be incorporated in dental preventive measures and could be used as cavity-fighting compound. It introduces a minimal health hazard substitute for conventional synthetic preventive measures.

PMID:34753844

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021 Aug 1;22(8):907-913.

ABSTRACT

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare cephalometrically the rate of maxillary incisor intrusion using mini implants, Connecticut intrusion arches, and segmental intrusion arches.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two adult patients with deep bite were divided into three groups: 10 patients in mini implant and Connecticut intrusion arch group each and 12 patients in segmental intrusion arch group. Bilateral mini implants were used for intrusion in Group 1. Connecticut intrusion arch and Burstone’s three-piece intrusion arch were used for intrusion in Group 2 and Group 3, respectively. Intrusion was carried out in all the patients for 4 months. Lateral cephalograms were taken just after alignment and leveling (T1) and after 4 months of intrusion (T2).

RESULTS: The mean amount of intrusion observed was 1.7 mm (0.425 mm/month) in mini implant group, 1.4 mm (0.35 mm/month) in Connecticut intrusion arch group, and 1.66 mm (0.415 mm/month) in segmental intrusion arch group. No statistically significant difference was found in the extent of incisor intrusion in the three groups (p <0.05).

CONCLUSION: The study failed to reject the null hypothesis, and there was no statistically significant difference in the amount and rate of incisor intrusion achieved among the three groups (p >0.05).

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Significant amount of incisor intrusion was carried out by all the three methods. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount and rate of incisor intrusion achieved by the three methods. Clinically, mini implants can be considered superior to the conventional techniques as it provides absolute anchorage which eliminates unwanted effects of incisor intrusion.

PMID:34753843

J Clin Apher. 2021 Nov 9. doi: 10.1002/jca.21949. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Membranous nephropathy associated with anti-PLA₂ R autoantibody is a significant cause of nephrotic syndrome worldwide. Treatment remains empiric with a significant side-effect burden despite an increase in our understanding of the disease. We studied the effect of selectively removing this pathogenic autoantibody using immunoadsorption in adult patients with biopsy proven anti-PLA₂ R membranous nephropathy. This was a multicenter, single-arm prospective clinical trial carried out in the United Kingdom. Twelve patients underwent five consecutive sessions of peptide GAM immunoadsorption with 12 months follow-up. Primary outcome was anti-PLA₂ R titer at week 2. Secondary outcomes were safety and tolerability of therapy, antibody profile, and change in proteinuria, renal excretory function, serum albumin, total immunoglobulin, and quality of life at weeks 12, 24, and 52. Patients were also stratified by the presence or absence of the high-risk allele (heterozygous or homozygous for HLA-DQA1*05). Median pretreatment anti-PLA₂ R was 702.50 U/mL, 1045.00 U/mL at week 2 (P-value .023) and 165.00 U/mL at week 52 (P-value .017). The treatment was well tolerated and safe. Two patients required rescue immunosuppression during the follow-up period. There was a significant improvement in serum albumin with a median at baseline of 20.50 g/L rising to 25.00 g/L at week 52 (P-value <.001). There was no statistical difference over the follow-up period in proteinuria or renal function. Patients in possession of a high-risk allele saw improvement in anti-PLA₂ R titers, possibly representing a cohort more likely to benefit from immunoadsorption. Immunoadsorption therapy is a safe treatment and well-tolerated treatment in anti-PLA₂ R positive autoimmune membranous nephropathy.

PMID:34753218 | DOI:10.1002/jca.21949

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Nov 9. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17802. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the healthcare system worldwide, which led to a decrease in the number of melanoma diagnosis,¹ but the consequences of lockdown on newly diagnosed melanomas severity have not been widely reported. We aimed to evaluate how the first lockdown in France impacted the incidence and prognostic characteristics of new melanomas, in our skin cancer center in the Parisian region, highly affected by the pandemic.

PMID:34753221 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.17802

Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 9;11:CD012325. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012325.pub2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common paediatric soft-tissue sarcoma and can emerge throughout the whole body. For patients with newly diagnosed RMS, prognosis for survival depends on multiple factors such as histology, tumour site, and extent of the disease. Patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis have impaired prognosis compared to those with localised disease. Appropriate staging at diagnosis therefore plays an important role in choosing the right treatment regimen for an individual patient. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional molecular imaging technique that uses the increased glycolysis of cancer cells to visualise both structural information and metabolic activity. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET combined with computed tomography (CT) could help to accurately stage the extent of disease in patients with newly diagnosed RMS. In this review we aimed to evaluate whether ¹⁸F-FDG-PET could replace other imaging modalities for the staging of distant metastases in RMS.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for the detection of bone, lung, and lymph node metastases in RMS patients at first diagnosis.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched MEDLINE in PubMed (from 1966 to 23 December 2020) and Embase in Ovid (from 1980 to 23 December 2020) for potentially relevant studies. We also checked the reference lists of relevant studies and review articles; scanned conference proceedings; and contacted the authors of included studies and other experts in the field of RMS for information about any ongoing or unpublished studies. We did not impose any language restrictions.

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included cross-sectional studies involving patients with newly diagnosed proven RMS, either prospective or retrospective, if they reported the diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT in diagnosing lymph node involvement or bone metastases or lung metastases or a combination of these metastases. We included studies that compared the results of the ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT imaging with those of histology or with evaluation by a multidisciplinary tumour board as reference standard.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessement according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). We analysed data for the three outcomes (nodal involvement and lung and bone metastases) separately. We used data from the 2 × 2 tables (consisting of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives) to calculate sensitivity and specificity in each study and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. We did not consider a formal meta-analysis to be relevant because of the small number of studies and substantial heterogeneity between studies.

MAIN RESULTS: Two studies met our inclusion criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT was reported in both studies, which included a total of 36 participants. We considered both studies to be at high risk of bias for the domain reference standard. We considered one study to be at high risk of bias for the domain index test and flow and timing. Sensitivity and specificity of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases was 100% in both studies (95% confidence interval (CI) for sensitivity was 29% to 100% in study one and 40% to 100% in study two; 95% CI for specificity was 83% to 100% in study one and 66% to 100% in study two). The reported sensitivity of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT for the detection of lung metastases was not calculated since only two participants in study two showed lung metastases, of which one was detected by ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT. Reported specificity was 96% in study one (95% CI 78% to 100%) and 100% (95% CI 72% to 100%) in study two. The reported sensitivity for the detection of nodal involvement was 100% (95% CI 63% to 100% in study one and 40% to 100% in study two); the reported specificity was 100% (95% CI 78% to 100%) in study one and 89% (95% CI 52% to 100%) in study two.

AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT for the detection of bone, lung, and lymph node metastases was reported in only two studies including a total of only 36 participants with newly diagnosed RMS. Because of the small number of studies (and participants), there is currently insufficient evidence to reliably determine the diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT in the detection of distant metastases. Larger series evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT for the detection of metastases in patients with RMS are necessary.

PMID:34753195 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012325.pub2

Eur J Dent. 2021 Nov 9. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735909. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the posttreatment apical periodontitis (AP) in endodontically treated teeth through a multivariate approach and to analyze the relative importance of quality and type of coronal restoration as predictors of periapical disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study sample was drawn within 2-year period from the 1,072 consecutive patients older than 18 years, first time attending the Dental Clinic of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Croatia. A total of 1,350 endodontically treated teeth were included in the study. For each tooth, the periapical status, root filling quality, intracanal post, separated file presence, marginal bone loss, and quality and type of coronal restoration were recorded.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square tests were used to analyze the variations in the periapical status, quality of root canal filling, and quality of coronal restoration in different tooth types. The effect of explanatory variables on periapical status was explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The outcome variable was set as the presence versus absence of AP in the tooth.

RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations and increased risk for AP presence in molars (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15; p < 0.001), teeth positioned in mandible (OR = 1.49; p = 0.007), teeth with short length of root filling (OR = 4.08; p < 0.001), overfilled teeth (OR = 2.99; p = 0.001), and teeth with inadequate density of root filling (OR = 4.14; p < 0.001). Considering variables related to coronal restoration, neither coronal restoration type nor quality was found to be predictive for posttreatment AP. Merely, the presence of intracanal post significantly increased the odds of AP presence (OR = 1.57; p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION: The results of the present study did not indicate that type or quality of coronal restoration may be predictors of posttreatment AP. Periapical disease was significantly associated with molars, mandibular teeth, substandard quality of root fillings, and intracanal post presence.

PMID:34753188 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735909

Eur J Dent. 2021 Nov 9. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735443. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the etiological factors of orofacial pain for patients attending dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study examined the data of 248 patients who have attended dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry IIUM and suffering from different types of orofacial pain. The data were collected from January 2010 to November 2018. The etiologies of pain were classified according to International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition (2020).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The association of age and gender with orofacial pain was evaluated by using the Chi-square test, and the significance level was set to 0.05.

RESULTS: Collected data showed that orofacial pain has different etiologies among the patients attending the dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry IIUM. Moreover, a statistically significant relation was observed between orofacial pain toward gender and different age group.

CONCLUSION: The findings proposed that the orofacial pain has a variety of etiological factors with the highest percentage of orofacial pain attributed to disorders of dentoalveolar and anatomically related structures among patients attending dental clinic at Faculty of Dentistry IIUM.

PMID:34753187 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735443

Eur J Dent. 2021 Nov 9. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735790. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions from Thailand.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy records of the Department of Oral Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Department of Oral Diagnosis, KhonKaen University, Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Chiangmai University, Department of Stomatology, Prince of Songkla University, and Rangsit University were reviewed for oral pigmented lesions diagnosed during 1999 to 2019. Demographic data were culled from the biopsy records. Ages of the patients were subdivided into 10-year intervals. Locations of the lesions were classified as gingiva, labial/buccal mucosa, palate, floor of the mouth, tongue, as well as the combination of sites. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.0.

RESULTS: Of the 47,175 accessioned cases, 241 cases (0.51%) were diagnosed in the category of pigmented oral lesions. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 88 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 38.74 ± 20.96 years. Regarding gender, 172 patients (71.37%) with pigmented lesions were females, while 69 patients (28.63%) were males. The female-to-male ratio was 2.49:1. The majority of the pigmented lesions were encountered at the gingiva (29.88%) followed by labial/buccal mucosa (26.97%), palate (14.94%), lip (10.79%), alveolar mucosa (9.54%), and others (7.88%), respectively. The three most common pigmented oral lesions in the present study were nevus (39.83%), followed by melanotic macule (28.63%) and amalgam tattoo (17.43%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The most common pigmented oral lesion in the present study is nevus. Demographic data of the patients in the present study are in accordance with previous studies with minor differences. Even though pigmented lesions of the oral cavity constitute a small portion of the oral pathology biopsies, accurate diagnosis is important since there is an overlap in clinical appearance of benign pigmented lesions and melanoma.

PMID:34753186 | DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1735790