Tag: pubmed

J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12926. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: HIV-related sarcopenia is an emerging health issue that often remains undiagnosed and can lead to reduced quality of life, independence, and premature death if untreated. This study investigated the effects of a 6 month combined training (resistance plus aerobic exercise) (CT) intervention on diagnostic measures of sarcopenia, including grip strength, appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and gait speed.

METHODS: Forty participants were randomized into either a CT group (n = 20; age = 38.3 ± 4.9 years) or a control group (CON; n = 20; age = 37.9 ± 5.1 years). Participants in the CT group performed three supervised sessions per week for 6 months, consisting of weekly reverse linear periodized resistance training followed by 20 min aerobic training. Participants in the CON group were instructed to continue with their current lifestyle habits. Assessments were completed at baseline and after 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for sex and preintervention values. Primary outcomes included grip strength, ALMI, and gait speed. Secondary outcomes were changes in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), IGF-1, and myostatin. Associations were explored between changes in inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), gait speed, and ALMI with grip strength.

RESULTS: A significant increase in ALMI was found for CT compared with CON (0.29 ± 0.13 kg/m² vs. -0.11 ± 0.14 kg/m² , respectively; P < 0.001). Significant improvements in grip strength (7.86 ± 8.50 kg for CT vs. -1.58 ± 2.47 kg for CON) and gait speed (0.16 ± 0.07 m/s² for CT vs. -0.06 ± 0.52 m/s² for CON; both P < 0.001) were also observed in CT compared with CON. Reduction in inflammatory biomarkers was found in CT compared with CON (IL-6; TNF-α, both P < 0.001). An increase in IGF-1 (74.36 ± 56.64 pg/mm³ for CT vs. 7.19 ± 99 pg/mm³ for CON; P < 0.001) and a decrease in myostatin (-158.90 ± 62.03 pg/mm³ for CT vs. -43.33 ± 146.60 pg/mm³ for CON; P < 0.001) was found following CT compared with the CON group. Change in grip strength was correlated with changes in IL-6 (r = -0.65, P < 0.001), TNF-α (r = -0.63, P < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), and ALMI (r = 0.54, P = 0.001), but not IGF-1 and myostatin. No adverse events were recorded, and compliance with the CT exercise sessions was high (>85%).

CONCLUSIONS: Combined training appears to be an effective means to counteract sarcopenia and improve various inflammatory markers and growth hormones in people living with HIV.

PMID:35142082 | DOI:10.1002/jcsm.12926

Mol Inform. 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/minf.202100248. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Accurate prediction of binding poses is crucial to structure-based drug design. We employ two powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, data-mining and machine-learning, to design artificial neural network (ANN) based pose-scoring function. It is a simple machine-learning-based statistical function that employs frequent geometric and chemical patterns of interacting atoms at protein-ligand interfaces. The patterns are derived by mining interfaces of “native” protein-ligand complexes. Each interface is represented by a graph where nodes are atoms and edges connect protein-ligand interfacial atoms located within certain cutoff distance of each other. Applying frequent subgraph mining to these interfaces provides “native” frequent patterns of interacting atoms. Subsequently, given a pose for a protein-ligand complex of interest, the pose-scoring function (the information-processing unit or neuron) calculates the degree of matching between the interaction patterns present at the pose’s interface and the native frequent patterns. The pose-scoring function takes into account the frequency of occurrence of the matching native patterns, the size of the match, and the degree of geometrical similarity between pose-specific and matching native frequent patterns. This novel “multi-body interaction” pose-scoring function (MBI-Score) was validated using two databases, PDBbind and Astex-85, and it outperformed seven commonly used commercial scoring functions. MBI-Score is available at www.khashanlab.org/mbi-score.

PMID:35142086 | DOI:10.1002/minf.202100248

Autism Res. 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/aur.2684. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Recent theories propose that domain-general deficits in prediction (i.e., the ability to anticipate upcoming information) underlie the behavioral characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). If these theories are correct, autistic children might be expected to demonstrate difficulties on linguistic tasks that rely on predictive processing. Previous research has largely focused on older autistic children and adolescents with average language and cognition. The present study used an eye-gaze task to evaluate predictive language processing among 3- to 4-year-old autistic children (n = 34) and 1.5- to 3-year-old, language-matched neurotypical (NT) children (n = 34). Children viewed images (e.g., a cake and a ball) and heard sentences with informative verbs (e.g., Eat the cake) or neutral verbs (e.g., Find the cake). Analyses of children’s looking behaviors indicated that young autistic children, like their language-matched NT peers, engaged in predictive language processing. Regression results revealed a significant effect of diagnostic group, when statistically controlling for age differences. The NT group displayed larger difference scores between the informative and neutral verb conditions (in looks to target nouns) compared to the ASD group. Receptive language measures were predictive of looking behavior across time for both groups, such that children with stronger language skills were more efficient in making use of informative verbs to process upcoming information. Taken together, these results suggest that young autistic children can engage in predictive processing though further research is warranted to explore the developmental trajectory relative to NT development.

PMID:35142078 | DOI:10.1002/aur.2684

Luminescence. 2022 Feb 10. doi: 10.1002/bio.4206. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Approved, straightforward, fast and delicate spectrofluorimetric strategy has been developed for the estimation of tepotinib (TEPO), sotorasib (SOTO) and darolutamide (DARO) as a new antineoplastic drugs. Spectrofluorimetric strategy was based on quantitative fluorescence quenching of MER at 538 nm after being excited at 350 nm by the addition of cited drugs in presence of acetate buffer (pH 3.5). The degree of fluorescence quenching is directly proportional to the concentrations of the cited drugs within the concentration range of 0.5-10.0, 0.2-10 and 0.4-10.0 μg mL^-1 for TEPO, SOTO and DARO, respectively. Mean ± S.D. were calculated for the studied drugs as follows; 99.9±0.87, 99.72±1.08 and 100.21±1.44, for TEPO, SOTO and DARO, respectively. LOD values were 0.16, 0.05 and 0.11 μg mL^-1 while LOQ values were 0.5, 0.15 and 0.36 μg mL^-1 for TEPO, SOTO and DARO, respectively. Statistical comparison of comes about with those gotten by detailed strategies given great understanding and uncovered that there were no noteworthy contrasts in exactness and exactness between strategies. The proposed strategy was connected effectively to analyze measurement shapes containing the examined drugs. Moreover, the recommended fluorimetric strategy was connected for examination of TEPO, SOTO and DARO in human plasma and urine test.

PMID:35142060 | DOI:10.1002/bio.4206

Thorac Cancer. 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.14307. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cancer-related cachexia is a major cause of treatment resistance and poor prognosis, which is characterized by anorexia and skeletal muscle depletion. To date, there have been no reports on the relationship between IL-35 and cancer-related cachexia in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODS: Serum IL-35 levels in 86 patients with stage IV NSCLC were measured and statistically analyzed based on patients’ clinicopathological parameters. Serum albumin levels, C-reactive protein, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) of the patients were also determined. In vivo studies using a mouse model were also conducted by subcutaneously injecting immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with overexpressing IL-35 cell lines and determining their daily food intake, bodyweight and muscle atrophy. Cachexia indicators were measured again after administering the mice with an anti-IL35 neutralizing antibody.

RESULTS: Patients with stage IV NSCLC had significantly higher serum IL-35 levels than the healthy controls. Similarly, circulating IL-35 levels were significantly higher in patients with cachexia than those without. The SMI values of patients with high serum IL-35 levels were significantly lower than those with low serum IL-35 levels. Mice subcutaneously injected with LLC PLV-IL-35 cell lines exhibited anorexia, weight loss, and muscle atrophy. Moreover, these symptoms were significantly reduced after administering the mice with an anti-IL35 neutralizing antibody.

CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that high serum IL-35 expression is associated with non-small cell lung cancer cachexia and skeletal muscle atrophy. These findings highlight its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for controlling cachexia of advanced lung cancer.

PMID:35142058 | DOI:10.1111/1759-7714.14307

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022 Feb 10. doi: 10.1002/jmri.28108. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Histopathologic evaluation after surgery is the gold standard to evaluate treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, it cannot be used to guide organ-preserving strategies due to poor timeliness.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a multiscale model incorporating radiomics and pathomics features for predicting pathological good response (pGR) of down-staging to stage ypT0-1N0 after nCRT.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

POPULATION: A total of 153 patients (median age, 55 years; 109 men; 107 training group; 46 validation group) with clinicopathologically confirmed LARC.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 3.0-T; fast spin echo T₂ -weighted and single-shot EPI diffusion-weighted images.

ASSESSMENT: The differences in clinicoradiological variables between pGR and non-pGR groups were assessed. Pretreatment and posttreatment radiomics signatures, and pathomics signature were constructed. A multiscale pGR prediction model was established. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated and compared to that of the clinicoradiological model.

STATISTICAL TESTS: The χ² test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, the minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression algorithm, regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, Delong method. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.

RESULTS: Pretreatment radiomics signature (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.58-4.66), posttreatment radiomics signature (OR = 9.59; 95% CI: 3.04-41.46), and pathomics signature (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 1.40-8.31) were independent factors for predicting pGR. The multiscale model presented good predictive performance with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-0.98) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.78-1.00) in the training and validation groups, those were significantly higher than that of the clinicoradiological model with AUCs of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55-0.82) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.46-0.91) in both groups.

DATA CONCLUSION: A model incorporating radiomics and pathomics features effectively predicted pGR after nCRT in patients with LARC.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.

PMID:35142001 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.28108

J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Feb 10. doi: 10.1111/jpc.15895. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate whether the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) scores would be different for adolescents with menstrual problems as compared to those with normal menstruation after taking into account clinical, socio-demographic and life-style factors.

METHODS: The Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 scale was used to assess HRQoL in 126 schoolgirls of 16 ± 0.4 years old. The adolescents completed semi-structured questionnaires containing information on social and demographic characteristics, life-style features and menstrual questionnaires that included the following: age of menstruation, menstrual cycle length, duration of production, the number of pads used per day, menstrual pain and drug administration to relieve dysmenorrhea. The menstrual problems were classified into three main groups: dysmenorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Anthropometric measurements were performed by a physician. Medical history was obtained from school medical charts.

RESULTS: Ninety-seven (77%) girls had menstrual problems. Dysmenorrhoea (n = 92, 73%) was the most frequent of these, followed by oligomenorrhoea (n = 13, 10.3%) and heavy menstrual bleeding (n = 6, 4.8%). Thirteen (10.3%) girls had combined disorders. A multivariate analysis adjusted for life-style factors found an independent association of any menstrual problems, oligomenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea with low HRQoL scores in the emotional functioning domain. For adolescents with oligomenorrhoea, an association with low total scale scores was also shown but it did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of menstrual problems is high among schoolgirls. Medical professionals working with adolescents should know that girls with menstrual problems are highly likely to have a poor quality of life, especially those with oligomenorrhoea.

PMID:35141982 | DOI:10.1111/jpc.15895

Semin Dial. 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1111/sdi.13061. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study is to compare clotting of CRRT filters in patients with COVID-19-associated AKI versus septic shock-associated AKI.

METHODS: Retrospective study of adult ICU patients with COVID-19 compared to those with septic shock admitted to a tertiary hospital April-October 2020. Independent t test and chi-square test used to determine statistical significance of CRRT filter clotting between the two groups. Time-to-event data analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Analyses performed on Microsoft Excel and MedCalc.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven ICU patients with AKI requiring CRRT were included, 13 with COVID-19 and 14 non-COVID-19 patients with septic shock. The mean half-life of CRRT hemofilter was similar in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients (27.4 vs. 27.5 h, p = 0.79). The number of CRRT hemofilter changes per day was similar in both groups (0.6 filter changes per day, p = 0.84). However, significantly more patients with COVID-19 were on systemic heparin (69% vs. 13%, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION: We found that COVID-19 patients with AKI requiring CRRT had similar CRRT hemofilter half-life compared with sepsis-associated AKI patients with use of regional citrate and systemic heparin. Further studies are needed to find which methods of anticoagulation are optimal in patients with COVID-19 infection with AKI requiring CRRT.

PMID:35141966 | DOI:10.1111/sdi.13061

J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Feb 10. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13603. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study evaluated the intervention effect of omega-3 fatty acids on changes in periodontal parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This meta-analysis included English-language studies published between 2010 and 2020, which were extracted from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The effects of omega-3 fatty acid intervention were investigated using the amount of omega-3 intake, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP). The random-effects model was generated for data analysis. To obtain robustness of the model, sensitivity analysis was implemented. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the intervention period for each parameter.

RESULTS: All 13 studies included in the meta-analysis were interventional randomized controlled trials. Two studies implemented omega-3 fatty acid-rich diets, while eleven studies used supplements. Risk of bias was low and publication bias was not shown. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant PPD reduction (standardized mean difference; SMD = -0.81 mm, absolute mean difference; MD = -0.44 mm), CAL gain (SMD = -0.77 mm, MD = -0.51 mm), and BOP reduction (SMD = -0.65%, MD = -9.45%) for the omega-3 fatty acids intervention overall.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests that supplemental or dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of periodontitis may positively impact on periodontitis.

PMID:35141945 | DOI:10.1111/jcpe.13603

Echocardiography. 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1111/echo.15320. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a public health problem that needs to be treated and it occurs as a result of excessive fat accumulation in the body. The relationship between obesity and pulmonary hypertension is well known. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary artery stiffness, right ventricular functions and bioelectrical impedance parameters in obese, overweight, and healthy individuals.

METHODS: In this study, 41 obese (17 female and 24 male, mean age 43.5±10.3), 39 overweight (20 female and 19 male, mean age 38.6±10.4), 34 healthy control group (19 female and 15 male, mean age 40.5±8.6) were included. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance parameters of all participants were performed. Right ventricular functions and pulmonary artery stiffness were evaluated by using conventional echocardiography.

RESULTS: Right ventricle myocardial performance index, pulmonary artery stiffness values were statistically different between groups. Positive correlation was observed between pulmonary artery stiffness and Body Mass Index, Waist and Hip circumferences. Significant negative correlation was observed between muscle to fat ratio and pulmonary artery stiffness. In the linear regression analysis, it was observed that the muscle to fat ratio was independent predictor of pulmonary artery stiffness (β = -1.835; 95%CI(-2.434 – – .784); p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that right ventricular function was impaired and pulmonary artery stiffness increased in obese individuals. These findings could be considered as early markers of pulmonary hypertension in obese patients who do not yet have clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease.

PMID:35141938 | DOI:10.1111/echo.15320