Tag: pubmed

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 May 15:e29079. doi: 10.1002/pbc.29079. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:33991383 | DOI:10.1002/pbc.29079

Int J Dent Hyg. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1111/idh.12517. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing the turmeric and licorice extract compared to a control for preventing plaque and gingivitis over a four-month period.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety (non-dental) participants with moderate gingival inflammation(≥40%) were selected. The triple blind study consisted of two phases, namely at first a 3-week pre-experimental phase of using an oxygenating and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. Secondly, a 4-months experimental period in which participants were randomly assigned to a test or control group. All were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily for 2 minutes with their assigned dentifrice. Gingival bleeding(BI), plaque(PI) and gingivitis(GI) were assessed.

RESULTS: Eighty participants completed the protocol. At the first assessment in the pre-experimental phase, the mean scores of all indices showed no differences for the two groups. At the second session, the values of all three parameters had decreased significantly (p<0.001). At the last session the BI values were 0.52(0.25) for the test group and 0.56(0.25) for the control, the mean GI was 0.27(0.17) for the test group and 0.31 0.16) for the control, and for PI the scores were 1.89(0.46) for the test group and 1.98(0.43) for the control group. Statistical comparison of the scores for the two groups at each stage of the study showed no significant difference for any of the parameters.

CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the current study design, dentifrice formulation and concentration of turmeric/licorice extracts the results show that the adjuvant effect of the natural ingredients in the test dentifrice was not evident on clinical parameters of gingivitis and plaque.

PMID:33991392 | DOI:10.1111/idh.12517

J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.986. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The current study aimed to develop a prediction model using a multi-marker panel as a diagnostic screening tool for pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma.

METHODS: Multi-center cohort of 1,991 blood samples were collected from January 2011 to September 2019, of which 609 are normal, 145 are other-cancer (colorectal, thyroid, and breast cancer), 314 are pancreatic-benign-disease, and 923 are pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma. The automated multi-biomarker Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit was developed using three potential biomarkers, LRG1, TTR, and CA 19-9. Using a logistic regression model trained on training data set, the predicted values for pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma were obtained, and the result was classified into one of the three risk groups: low, intermediate, and high. The five covariates used to create the model were sex, age, and three biomarkers.

RESULTS: Participants were categorized into four groups as normal (n=609), other-cancer (n=145), pancreatic-benign-disease (n=314), and pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma (n=923). The normal, other-cancer, and pancreatic-benign-disease groups were clubbed into the non-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma group (n=1068). The positive and negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity were 94.12, 90.40, 93.81, and 90.86, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant diagnostic performance of the multi-marker panel in distinguishing pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma from normal and benign pancreatic disease states, as well as patients with other cancers.

PMID:33991409 | DOI:10.1002/jhbp.986

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27684. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) risk stratification is generally based on histological assessment. It would be beneficial to perform risk stratification noninvasively by MRI.

PURPOSE: To investigate the application of amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI), monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched exponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for the evaluation of risk stratification in early-stage EC.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective.

POPULATION: Eighty patients with early-stage EC (47 classified as low risk, 20 as medium risk, and 13 as high risk by histological grade and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, IVIM, APTWI, and DKI MRI at 3 T.

ASSESSMENT: The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym [3.5 ppm]), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC), water molecular diffusion heterogeneity index (α), mean kurtosis (MK), and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated and compared between low-risk and non-low-risk groups.

STATISTICAL TESTS: Individual sample t test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The α, ADC, D, DDC, and MD were significantly higher and the f, MK, and MTRasym (3.5 ppm) were significantly lower in the low-risk group than in the non-low-risk group. The difference in D* between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.289). MTRasym (3.5 ppm), D, and MK were independent predictors of risk stratification. The combination of these three parameters was better able to identify low- and non-low-risk groups than each individual parameter.

DATA CONCLUSION: The IVIM, DKI, and APTWI parameters have potential as imaging markers for risk stratification in early-stage EC.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

PMID:33991377 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.27684

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27703. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive diagnostic methods are urgently required in disease stratification and monitoring in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising technique to assess hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, potentially enabling noninvasive identification of individuals with active and advanced stages of NAFLD.

PURPOSE: To examine the diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI for the assessment of disease severity along the NAFLD disease spectrum with comparison to histological scores.

STUDY TYPE: Prospective, cohort.

POPULATION: Thirty-seven patients with NAFLD.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Multiparametric MRI at 3.0 T consisted of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (MRS) with multi-echo stimulated-echo acquisition mode, magnitude-based and three-point Dixon using a two-dimensional multi-echo gradient echo, MR elastography (MRE) using a generalized multishot gradient-recalled echo sequence and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) using a multislice diffusion weighted single-shot echo-planar sequence.

ASSESSMENT: Histological steatosis grades were compared to proton density fat fraction measured by MRS (PDFF_MRS ), magnitude-based MRI (PDFF_MRI-M ), and three-point Dixon (PDFF_Dixon ), as well as FibroScan® controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Fibrosis and disease activity were compared to IVIM and MRE. FibroScan® liver stiffness measurements were compared to fibrosis levels. Diagnostic performance of all imaging parameters was determined for distinction between simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

STATISTICAL TESTS: Spearman’s rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s post-hoc test with Holm-Bonferroni P-value adjustment, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Histological steatosis grade correlated significantly with PDFF_MRS (r_s = 0.66, P < 0.001), PDFF_MRI-M (r_s = 0.68, P < 0.001), and PDFF_Dixon (r_s = 0.67, P < 0.001), whereas no correlation was found with CAP. MRE and IVIM diffusion and perfusion significantly correlated with disease activity (r_s = 0.55, P < 0.001, r_s = -0.40, P = 0.016, r_s = -0.37, P = 0.027, respectively) and fibrosis (r_s = 0.55, P < 0.001, r_s = -0.46, P = 0.0051; r_s = -0.53, P < 0.001, respectively). MRE and IVIM diffusion had the highest area-under-the-curve for distinction between simple steatosis and NASH (0.79 and 0.73, respectively).

DATA CONCLUSION: Multiparametric MRI is a promising method for noninvasive, accurate, and sensitive distinction between simple hepatic steatosis and NASH, as well as for the assessment of steatosis and fibrosis severity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 2.

PMID:33991378 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.27703

Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1007/s40520-021-01870-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can improve postoperative pain, knee function, and negative emotion in patients aged 70 years and older who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

METHODS: This study used randomized, parallel group, controlled trial to divide the included 90 patients into CBT group and usual care group. The primary outcome measure of the study was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at activity. The secondary outcome measures included the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Knee Range of Motion (ROM), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Rating Scale (HSS), analgesics dose, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS: 83 patients who met the criteria were randomized into CBT group and usual care group. In the SAS, score of the CBT group decreased by 4.3 points at 7th day and 8.2 at 14th day after surgery with respect to preoperative SAS score, the usual care group increased by 1.5 at 7th day and decreased 1.1 at 14th day, and tended to be similar at 3rd month after surgery. There were no significant differences at 7th and 14th day in SDS, however, score of the CBT group was 5.8 and the usual care group was 1.9 at 3rd month after surgery. No statistically significant differences in VAS at activity, ROM, OKS, HSS, analgesics frequency, and postoperative complications between two groups.

CONCLUSIONS: CBT was superior to usual care group in relieving anxiety at 7th day and 14th day, and depression at 3rd month, however, CBT cannot relieve postoperative pain and improve joint function after TKA in patients aged 70 years and older.

PMID:33991330 | DOI:10.1007/s40520-021-01870-7

J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1002/jmri.27657. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Preoperative imaging assessment of venous malformations (VMs) and prediction of foam sclerotherapy efficacy might be achievable by DCE-MRI but elaborate quantitive analysis was absent.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of DCE-MRI in predicting the effectiveness of foam sclerotherapy in VMs.

STUDY TYPE: Retrospective.

POPULATION: Fifty-five patients (M:F = 17:38; mean age ± SD, 15.4 ± 13.0 years) with VMs.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Three Tesla MRI with 3D T₁ -weighted volume interpolated body examination.

ASSESSMENT: Patients who underwent pretreatment DCE-MRI were divided into “effective” and “ineffective” groups according to the response to foam sclerotherapy. Clinical characteristics and morphologic features were assessed. The semiquantitative parameters, such as maximum intensity time ratio (MITR), enhancement ratio (ER), and Slope, were obtained from ROI and volume of interest (VOI). The quartile and mean values of these parameters were acquired from VOI, while mean values denoted as Mean^# were acquired from ROI. Establishment of two predictive models was based on ROI and VOI respectively. Model 1 was based on morphologic parameters and ROI semiquantitative parameters, while model 2 was based on morphologic parameters and VOI semiquantitative parameters.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U-test, Cohen’s kappa, multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward stepwise), and ROC analyses.

RESULTS: The lesion classification, presence of phlebolith, semiquantitative parameters of VOI (quartile and mean of MITR), and semiquantitative parameters of ROI (Slope_mean^# , MITR_mean^# ) were significantly different between two groups. Lesion classification (P = 0.002) and MITR_mean# (P = 0.027) were independent predictors for poor efficacy in model 1 as determined by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. For model 2, lesion classification (P = 0.006) and MITR₂₅ (P = 0.001) were independent predictors. The predictive model based on VOI (AUC = 0.961) performed better than that based on ROI (AUC = 0.909) in predicting therapeutic response.

DATA CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI is promising in predicting the response to foam sclerotherapy for VMs. The whole lesion VOI-based model showed better performance and could instruct surgical approach in the future.

EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.

PMID:33991357 | DOI:10.1002/jmri.27657

Dermatol Ther. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1111/dth.14977. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by a flagellated protozoan transmitted by the bite of a female sandfly. The clinical and demographic details of this disease, predominantly affecting immunocompetent individuals, are recognized by the WHO as a Neglected Tropical Disease. We sought to determine the usability of CD1a immunohistochemical staining to detect amastigotes especially in cases where leishmaniasis is suspected but evident amastigotes could not observed. We also evaluated the relationship between CD1a expression and leishmania subtypes. A total of 84 cases diagnosed with leishmaniasis or suspected leishmania on histo-morphological evaluation of skin biopsies were included in the study. Amastigotes were easily detected in hematoxylin eosin in 18 of 84 cases. In 23 cases, amastigotes could not detect in hematoxylin eosin sections. The immunostains for CD1a are demonstrated amastigotes in 60 of 84 cases. However, a small number of amastigotes became visible by positive staining with CD1a in 43.4% of the cases in that amastigotes could not detected in hematoxylin eosin. A statistically significant correlation was found between amastigote amount in hematoxylin eosin and CD1a expression. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between CD1a expression, age and clinical pre-diagnosis of the cases. It was observed that amastigotes were easily detected in hematoxylin eosin in Leishmania Infantum / donovani positive cases in PCR, and at the same time, it was found that CD1a expression was significantly higher. Using histopathology examination with CD1a staining and/or PCR methods, a diagnosis of leishmaniasis can be established and early treatment initiated. This contributes to reduce transmission and prevalence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:33991375 | DOI:10.1111/dth.14977

Adv Ther. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-01754-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Combination antihypertensive therapy is required by most patients to achieve guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) goals. This study assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of bisoprolol/perindopril (Bis/Per) single-pill combination (SPC) in Russian patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) treated in routine clinical practice.

METHODS: STYLE (NCT03730116) was an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective observational study conducted in patients who were already receiving Bis/Per SPC, switched to SPC from Bis or Per monotherapy, or switched from a free combination of Bis and Per. Primary endpoint criteria were assessed at 1 and 3 months and included change in mean office systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), proportion achieving target BP (< 140/90 mmHg), and measures of antianginal effectiveness.

RESULTS: The full analysis set comprised 1892 subjects. Mean age was 61.9 ± 8.8 years, 53.2% were women, and mean durations of hypertension and CAD were 12.5 ± 7.9 and 7.2 ± 6.4 years, respectively. Mean SBP/DBP decreased by 22.3/11.0 mmHg and 31.5/15.9 mmHg at 1 and 3 months, respectively (P < 0.0001 vs baseline). Target BP was achieved by 49.2% and 86.7% of patients at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Reductions in mean number of angina attacks and nitrate consumption and improvements in heart rate were statistically significant. Treatment was well tolerated.

CONCLUSION: Treatment of patients with hypertension and CAD with Bis/Per SPC for 3 months was associated with significant decreases in SBP/DBP and a high proportion of patients achieving BP treatment goals. This was accompanied by an improvement in angina symptoms. Treatment was well tolerated in a broad patient population representative of those seen in everyday clinical practice.

PMID:33991323 | DOI:10.1007/s12325-021-01754-2

Odontology. 2021 May 15. doi: 10.1007/s10266-021-00612-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The purpose is to evaluate the effect of photo-thermal acceleration on in-office bleaching efficiency using a bleaching agent without photocatalysts in vitro. Artificially discolored bovine lower incisors were prepared, and the mixed in-office bleaching material contained hydrogen peroxide 23% was applied by following treatment for 10 min: high-(HI group) and low-intensity LED lights (LI group), oven at 38 °C (OV group), and room temperature at 23 °C (RT group). Color was measured before and after bleaching and color difference (∆E*) was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. The temperature change (∆T) of applied bleaching agent in HI and LI groups was measured using a thermography and was analyzed using a T test. The bleaching procedures were repeated 6 times. Irradiation in the HI group resulted in the highest ΔE, followed by the LI group whose ΔE was significantly lower. Both irradiated modes exhibited higher ΔE compared to non-irradiated OV and RT groups which were not significantly different from each other. The average temperature rise of bleaching agents in HI and LI groups after 10 min irradiation was 15.00 °C and 11.80 °C, respectively. The effect of photo-thermal acceleration was proved for an in-office bleaching agent without photocatalysts in vitro.

PMID:33991277 | DOI:10.1007/s10266-021-00612-5