Tag: pubmed

Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2021 Dec 30;42(3):97-106. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2021-0040.

ABSTRACT

The development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious and life-threatening condition in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of calprotectin in ascites, for SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites before and after antibiotic treatment and to compare the mean values of calprotectin in ascites in patients with and without SBP. This prospective-observational study was comprised of 70 patients with cirrhosis and ascites, divided into two groups, the SBP and the non-SBP group. Quantitative measurements of calprotectin in ascites was completed with the Quantum Blue Calprotectin Ascites test (LF-ASC25), using the Quantum Blue Reader. The average value of calprotectin in the SBP group was 1.5 ± 0.40 μg / mL, and in the non-SBP group it was lower (0.4 ± 0.30). The difference between the mean values was statistically significant with p <0.05. The mean value of calprotectin in ascites before therapy among the SBP group was 1.5 ± 0.4, and after antibiotic therapy, the value decreased significantly to 1.0 ± 0.6; the difference between the mean values was statistically significant with p <0.05. ROC analysis indicated that calprotectin contributed to the diagnosis of SBP with a 94.3% sensitivity rating (to correctly identify positives), and the specificity was 62.5%, which corresponded to the value of 0.275. Our research confirmed that ascitic calprotectin was a good predictor, and is significantly associated with the occurrence of SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis. By monitoring the value of calprotectin in ascites on the 7th day of antibiotic treatment, the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in patients with SBP can be determined.

PMID:35032370 | DOI:10.2478/prilozi-2021-0040

Biometrics. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1111/biom.13623. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Research of complex associations between a gene network and multiple responses has attracted extensive attention. A great challenge in analyzing genetic data is posited by the presence of the genetic network that is typically unknown in applications. Moreover, mismeasurement of responses introduces additional complexity to distort usual inferential procedures. In this paper, we consider the problem with mixed binary and continuous responses which are subject to mismeasurement and associated with complex structured covariates. We first start with the case where data are precisely measured. We propose a generalized network structured model and develop a two-step inferential procedure. In the first step, we employ a Gaussian graphical model to facilitate the covariates network structure, and in the second step, we incorporate the estimated graphical structure of covariates and develop an estimating equation method. Furthermore, we extend the development to accommodating mismeasured responses. We consider two cases where the information on mismeasurement is either known or estimated from a validation sample. Theoretical results are established and numerical studies are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods. We apply the proposed method to analyze the outbred Carworth Farms White mice data arising from a genome-wide association study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID:35032335 | DOI:10.1111/biom.13623

Endocrine. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-02980-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the utility of the semi-automated and automated side-cut core biopsy needles for thyroid nodules.

METHODS: Between January 2014 and March 2020, biopsy was performed for 278 thyroid nodules using the semi-automated core needle and for 225 nodules using the automated core needle. Nondiagnostic rate, inconclusive rate, diagnostic performance and complication rates were evaluated and compared between two core needle types.

RESULTS: There were 1.2% (6/503) nondiagnostic results and 15.9% (80/503) inconclusive results. Nondiagnostic rate between two needle types was not significantly different. The semi-automated type (33/278, 11.9%) showed lower inconclusive rate than the automated type (47/225, 20.9%) (p = 0.006). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of malignancy of the semi-automated type were 70.18, 100, 100, 84.96 and 88.89%, respectively; the corresponding rates of automated type were 70.45, 100, 100, 86.6, and 89.84%. There were 12 minor complications: four hematomas (4/278, 1.4%) for the semi-automated type and eight hematomas (8/225, 3.6%) for the automated type, which difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Core needle biopsy for thyroid nodules using either the semi-automated or automated needle is a safe diagnostic tool. Semi-automated needle has lower inconclusive rate than automated needle.

PMID:35032314 | DOI:10.1007/s12020-022-02980-6

Neurourol Urodyn. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1002/nau.24864. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS and TTNS) showed a promising effect on overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. We aimed to give a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of these therapeutic methods as well.

METHODS: We searched studies available on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest on March 31, 2021, to find both published and unpublished studies. The retrieved articles were screened by two independent researchers and then the selected studies were critically appraised by Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, and Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist for quasi-experimental studies. Finally, the results of studies were synthesized using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 statistical software when the data were homogenous. The meta-analysis was performed by calculating the effect size (mean difference) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Of the total 3194 publications, 68 studies were included in our qualitative evaluation and 9 studies (11 trials) in the quantitative stage. When TTNS or PTNS were compared to sham, placebo, no treatment, or conservative management, a decrease in frequency of urination was observed in both TTNS (mean difference [MD]: -3.18, 95% CI: -4.42 to -1.94, and p < 0.00001), and PTNS (MD: -2.84, 95% CI: -4.22 to -1.45, and p < 0.00001), and overall TTNS or PTNS (MD: -2.95, 95% CI: -4.01 to -1.88, and p < 0.00001). Significant improvements in mean voiding volume (MVV) and decreasing nocturia were also observed.

CONCLUSIONS: Nerve stimulations either PTNS or TTNS appear to be effective interventions in treating refractory idiopathic OAB in terms of daily voiding frequency, MVV, urgency episodes, and nighttime voiding frequency. However, our result did not show any improvement in terms of urinary incontinence, postvoid residual volume or urge incontinence, and maximum cystometric capacity which emphasized the efficacy of these modalities on dry-OAB rather than wet-OAB.

PMID:35032328 | DOI:10.1002/nau.24864

Breast Cancer. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s12282-021-01329-7. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of clinical trials on the efficacy of chemotherapy in older patients, an optimal treatment strategy has not been developed. We investigated whether adjuvant chemotherapy could improve the survival of older patients with breast cancer in Japan.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with breast cancer aged ≥ 70 years who underwent breast cancer surgery in eight hospitals between 2008 and 2013. Clinical treatment and follow-up data were obtained from the patients’ medical electric records.

RESULTS: A total of 1095 patients were enrolled, of which 905 were included in the initial non-matched analysis. The median age and follow-up period were 75 (range 70-93) and 6.3 years, respectively. Of these patients, 127 (14%) received adjuvant chemotherapy (Chemo group) while the remaining 778 (86%) did not (Control group). The Chemo group was younger (mean age in years 73 vs 76; P < 0.0001), had a larger pathological tumor size (mean mm 25.9 vs 19.9; P < 0.0001), and more metastatic axillary lymph nodes (mean numbers 2.7 vs 0.7; P < 0.0001) than the Control group. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.783 and P = 0.558). After matched analyses, DFS was found to be significantly prolonged with adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.037); however, OS difference in the matched cohort was not statistically significant (P = 0.333).

CONCLUSION: The results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence, but survival benefits were limited.

PMID:35032302 | DOI:10.1007/s12282-021-01329-7

J Behav Med. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s10865-021-00274-2. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

There is an increased interest in the use of personalized medicine approaches in the prevention or treatment of obesity, however, few studies have used these approaches to identify individual differences in treatment effects. The current study demonstrates the use of the predicted individual treatment effects framework to test for individual differences in the effects of the ACTION-PAC intervention, which targeted the treatment and prevention of obesity in a high school setting. We show how methods for personalized medicine can be used to test for significant individual differences in responses to an intervention and we discuss the potential and limitations of these methods. In our example, 25% of students in the preventive intervention, were predicted to have their BMI z-score reduced by 0.39 or greater, while at other end of the spectrum, 25% were predicted to have their BMI z-score increased by 0.09 or more. In this paper, we demonstrate and discuss the process of using methods for personalized medicine with interventions targeting adiposity and discuss the lessons learned from this application. Ultimately, these methods have the potential to be useful for clinicians and clients in choosing between treatment options, however they are limited in their ability to help researchers understand the mechanisms underlying these predictions.

PMID:35032253 | DOI:10.1007/s10865-021-00274-2

Hum Cell. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s13577-021-00665-2. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35032298 | DOI:10.1007/s13577-021-00665-2

Int Urol Nephrol. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03104-9. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) tend to recur and progress over time. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an effective therapy for the treatment of NMIBC in that it reduces both recurrence and progression rates. The present study investigates the causes of BCG failure, with emphasis on those attributable to application errors by the practitioner and/or patient.

METHODS: The demographic and histopathological characteristics of 115 patients who underwent TUR-B for primary bladder tumors and who underwent intracavitary BCG in the postoperative period in the Urology Clinic of the İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital between January 2014 and January 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. BCG-refractory patients were compared with non-BCG refractory patients after BCG administration.

RESULTS: The extent of the tumor, and the involvement of the tumor in the bladder trigone and/or the bladder neck were found to increase significantly the likelihood of BCG refractory. When the micturition times of both groups were compared after instillation, the differences between the groups were found to be statistically significant. In the BCG-refractory patient group, the micturition time after instillation was shorter due to the tumor involvement in the trigone/bladder neck.

CONCLUSION: Some modifiable factors originating from the patient and the tumoral characteristics were found to have an effect on BCG failure. It was further determined that the time until micturition after BCG administration is an important parameter to be considered in the prevention of application deficiencies. We believe these factors should be subjected to careful consideration during patient selection and follow-up.

PMID:35032249 | DOI:10.1007/s11255-022-03104-9

Clin Rheumatol. 2022 Jan 15. doi: 10.1007/s10067-022-06051-z. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The apoptotic signaling pathway is obviously disordered in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Natural IgM (nIgM) is important in clearing apoptotic cells and preventing them from triggering deleterious autoimmunity. B-1 and innate-like B (ILBs) cells are the main nIgM producers. Human CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cells (un-switched memory B cells) are considered ILBs. However, their functional properties in SLE remain undefined.

METHODS: Peripheral blood sample of 50 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls were collected, and twelve SLE patients were assessed in a follow-up study. The amount of CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell in each population was analyzed by flow cytometry. The IgM and IL-10 levels of CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell were assessed by ELISPOT and qRT-PCR, respectively. SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, USA) was employed for data analysis. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

RESULT: The amounts of CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell were significantly decreased in SLE patients than healthy control (P < 0.01). CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell amounts were positively correlated with WBC (r = 0.337, P = 0.017), platelet count (r = 0.396, P = 0.004), and serum C3 levels (r = 0.415, P = 0.003) and negatively correlated with serum creatinine levels (r = – 0.285, P = 0.045), SLEDAI(r = – 0.724, P = 0.000), and anti-dsDNA(r = – 0.477, P = 0.000). The IgM and IL-10 levels of CD27⁺IgD⁺ B in active SLE were decreased than healthy control (P < 0.001). Moreover, CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cells are increased in SLE cases after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: The amounts of CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell were significantly decreased in SLE patients compared with the healthy population, and CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell was verified to be correlated with clinical and immunological features in SLE patients. CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cells had impaired function associated with IgM and IL-10 production in active SLE. Moreover, the amounts of CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cells were recovered to the normal level in SLE cases with treatment-related disease remission. Key Points • CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell amounts are significantly decreased in SLE patients than healthy control. • CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cells are functionally impaired in producing natural antibody-like IgM and IL-10 in SLE patients. • CD27⁺IgD⁺ B cell amounts are correlated with clinical and immunological features in SLE.

PMID:35032222 | DOI:10.1007/s10067-022-06051-z

J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2022 Jan 15;33(1):11. doi: 10.1007/s10856-021-06639-y.

ABSTRACT

Pyrophosphate-containing calcium phosphate implants promote osteoinduction and bone regeneration. The role of pyrophosphate for inflammatory cell-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cross-talk during osteogenesis is not known. In the present work, the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pyrophosphate (PPi) on primary human monocytes and on osteogenic gene expression in human adipose-derived MSCs were evaluated in vitro, using conditioned media transfer as well as direct effect systems. Direct exposure to pyrophosphate increased nonadherent monocyte survival (by 120% without LPS and 235% with LPS) and MSC viability (LDH) (by 16-19% with and without LPS). Conditioned media from LPS-primed monocytes significantly upregulated osteogenic genes (ALP and RUNX2) and downregulated adipogenic (PPAR-γ) and chondrogenic (SOX9) genes in recipient MSCs. Moreover, the inclusion of PPi (250 μM) resulted in a 1.2- to 2-fold significant downregulation of SOX9 in the recipient MSCs, irrespective of LPS stimulation or culture media type. These results indicate that conditioned media from LPS-stimulated inflammatory monocytes potentiates the early MSCs commitment towards the osteogenic lineage and that direct pyrophosphate exposure to MSCs can promote their viability and reduce their chondrogenic gene expression. These results are the first to show that pyrophosphate can act as a survival factor for both human MSCs and primary monocytes and can influence the early MSC gene expression. Graphical abstract.

PMID:35032239 | DOI:10.1007/s10856-021-06639-y