Tag: pubmed

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 20;40(1):12-17. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210420-00218.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of asiaticoside for fibrosis in lung tissues of rats exposed to silica and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods: 144 SD male rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive drug control group, asiaticoside high-dose group, medium-dose group and low-dose group, each group included 24 rats. Rats in the control group were perfused with 1.0 ml of normal saline, and the other groups were given 1.0 ml 50 mg/ml SiO(2) suspension. Gavage of herbal was given from the next day after model establishment, once a day. Rats in the positive drug control group were administration with 30 mg/kg tetrandrine and rats in the low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group were given 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg asiaticoside for fibrosis respectively. Rats in the control group and the model group were given 0.9% normal saline. The rats were sacrificed in on the 14th, 28th and 56th day after intragastric administration and collect the lung tissues to detect the content of hydroxyproline, TGF-β(1) and IL-18, observe the pathological changes of the lung tissues by HE and Masson staining and determine the expressions of Col-I, a-SMA, TGF-β in lung tissues by Western Blot. Results: On the 14th day, 28th day and 56th day after model establishment, the lung tissues of rats in the model group showed obvious inflammatory response and accumulation of collagen fibers, and the degree of inflammation and fibrosis increased with time. The intervention of asiaticoside could effectively inhibit the pathological changes of lung tissues. The contents of hydroxyproline, IL-18 and TGF-β1 in lung tissues of model group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) , while the level of hydroxyproline, IL-18 and TGF-β1 in asiaticoside groups were significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically signicant (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Col-I, TGF-β1and α-SMA in lung tissue of model group were increased (P<0.05) , while the expression level of Col-I, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were decreased after the intervention of asiaticoside, and the difference was statistically signicant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Asiaticoside can inhibit the increase of Col-I, TGF-β1 and α-SMA content in the SiO(2)-induced lung tissues of rats, reduce the release of TGF-β1 and IL-18 inflammatory factors in lung tissue, and then inhibit the synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix in rat lung tissue, and improve silicosis fibrosis.

PMID:35255555 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20210420-00218

Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0226. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-VII from 2007 to identify the prevalence of obesity and its phenotypes (metabolically unhealthy obesity [MUO] and metabolically healthy obesity [MHO]) and their secular changes. The prevalence of obesity in Korea increased with significant secular changes observed (β=0.326, P trend <0.01) between 2007 and 2017, and especially in men (β=0.682, P trend <0.001) but not in women. The changes in the prevalence of obesity during the study period were different between men and women (P=0.001). The prevalence of MUO significantly increased only in men (β=0.565, P trend <0.01), while that of MHO increased only in women (β=0.179, P<0.05), especially in the younger age group (β=0.308, P<0.01).

PMID:35255548 | DOI:10.4093/dmj.2021.0226

Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 20;40(1):7-11. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201224-00715.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To study the effects on extravascular lung water of lung protective ventilation strategy applying on piglets with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by paraquat (PQ) under pulse indicating continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring. Methods: The piglets models with ARDS induced by PQ were established in June 2020 and all of them were received mechanical ventilation and divided into three groups according to tidal volume (V(T)) : small V(T) group (6 ml/kg) , middle V(T) group (10 ml/kg) and large V(T) group (15 ml/kg) , there were 5 piglets in each group. The positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were all setup on 10 cmH(2)O. The indexes such as arterial blood gas analysis, oxygenation index (OI) , extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were monitored at time of before the model was established (baseline) , time of the model was established (t(0)) and 2 h (t(2)) , 4 h (t(4)) , 6 h (t(6)) after mechanical ventilation. Lung tissue were punctured at time of baseline, t(0) and t(6) to be stained by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and pulmonary pathology were observed under light microscopy. Results: The heart rate (HR) , mean arterial pressure (MAP) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) of all groups were higher than the base value while the pH values, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) and OI were lower than the base value when the models were established (P<0.05) . After mechanical ventilation, the HR and MAP values of all groups at t(2), t(4) and t(6) were lower than t(0) while the PaCO(2) of t(4) and t(6) were all higher than t(0), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The PaO(2) and OI of all groups showed a trend of rising at first and then decreasing after mechanical ventilation. The MAP, PaO(2), PaCO(2) and OI of the middle V(T) group and large V(T) group were apparently lower than that of the small V(T) group at t(2), t(4) and t(6) (P<0.05) . The ELWI and PVPI at t(0) of all groups were higher than that of baseline (P<0.05) . The ELWI of the small V(T) group at t(6) were lower than t(0) of the same group and t(6) of the middle V(T) group and large V(T) group (P<0.05) . HE staining showed congestion and edema of alveolar tissue, swelling of capillaries, exudation of red blood cells and widening of alveolar septum in piglets after successful modeling. And further widening of alveolar septum and rupture of alveolar septum could be seen in the lung tissues of each group at t(6), and the injury was the slightest in the small V(T) group. Conclusion: The lung protective ventilation strategy can alleviate the extravascular lung water and ARDS induced by PQ and improve oxygenation.

PMID:35255554 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201224-00715

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2022 Mar;14(2):210-219. doi: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.210.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Tolerance to shrimp has been reported in some patients with a history of shrimp allergy. The predictors of the natural resolution of shrimp allergy have not been widely explored. This study aimed to investigate the role of specific IgE (sIgE) and specific IgG4 (sIgG4) to shrimp extracts and the cross-reactive shrimp allergens tropomyosin (TM), arginine kinase (AK) and myosin light-chain (MLC), as markers of persistent or resolved shrimp allergy (PSA or RSA).

METHODS: Seventeen patients with a 10-year history of allergy to Penaeus monodon (Pm) and/or Macrobachium rosenbergii (Mr) were recruited. Oral shrimp challenges identified 10 patients with PSA and 7 patients with RSA. Sera from these patients were evaluated for sIgE and sIgG4 to Mr and Pm extracts as well as to TM, AK and MLC.

RESULTS: The levels of sIgE to Mr and Pm extracts were lower in the RSA than in the PSA groups (P = 0.05 and P = 0.008, respectively), but sIgG4 or sIgG4:sIgE ratio did not show statistical significance. The sIgE to AK and MLC, but not TM, were lower in the RSA group than in the PSA group (P = 0.009 and P = 0.0008, respectively). There was no difference in sIgG4 to TM, AK and MLC between both groups. The ratio of sIgG4:sIgE to MLC, but not TM or AK, was higher in the RSA than in the PSA group (P = 0.02). A higher diversity of sIgE to shrimp components was found in the PSA group than in the RSA group (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS: Specific bioassays can be used to identify patients with RSA. Oral shrimp challenges in these patients may provide a higher rate of passing the challenges and finally reintroducing shrimp in their diet.

PMID:35255538 | DOI:10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.210

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2022 Mar;14(2):273-283. doi: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.273.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigated mental health status and quality of life in allergic disease patients compared with non-allergic controls.

METHODS: This study used nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018. The propensity matching score was used to balance age and sex distributions between the allergic disease groups and corresponding controls. Atopic dermatitis (n = 446) and asthma (n = 483) groups were compared with controls in a 1:10 ratio, and the allergic rhinitis (n = 2,357) group was compared with controls in a 1:2 ratio. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for mental health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on the presence of allergic diseases.

RESULTS: The ORs for severe psychological stress, psychological consultation and diagnosis of depression were more significantly increased in the asthma (OR, 1.41, 1.83, and 2.1, respectively) and allergic rhinitis groups (OR, 1.35, 1.48, and 1.83, respectively) compared with non-allergic controls after adjustment for confounding factors. The rate of severe problems in mobility was more significantly increased in the asthma group compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS: The results show that efforts should be made to manage psychological problems and improve HRQoL in patients with atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis.

PMID:35255542 | DOI:10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.273

J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Mar 7. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13635. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Propofol and esketamine are routine anaesthetics used in sedation or general anaesthesia for paediatric procedures. Coadministration could reduce the dose of either propofol or esketamine required and lower the incidence of drug-related adverse events. We designed a four-arm randomized controlled trial in children undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to investigate the dose of propofol with different doses of esketamine inducing appropriate depth of anaesthesia in 50% patients (median effective dose, ED₅₀ ).

METHODS: After getting the approval of the research ethics committee and informed consent, 92 paediatric patients planning for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were divided into four groups randomly: esketamine 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups (n = 23/group). Propofol doses followed the Dixon and Massey up-and-down method with different starting and interval doses between groups. During the first attempt of endoscope insertion, if patients’ reactions prevented the insertion, it would be considered as a failure. The awakening time, total propofol doses, as well as the perioperative and post-procedure adverse events were evaluated and recorded for each patient.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The ED₅₀ (median, 95% confidence interval) of propofol was significantly greater in esketamine 0 and 0.25 mg/kg groups in comparison with the esketamine 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups (4.1 [3.3-4.9]; 3.1 [2.5-3.8] mg/kg vs. 1.8 [1.1-2.4]; 0.8 [0.2-1.3] mg/kg, respectively, p < .05). The total doses of propofol in esketamine 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups were statistically lower than these in esketamine 0 and 0.25 mg/kg group (p < .01). The mean blood pressure was lower in the esketamine 0 mg/kg group than that in 1 mg/kg group after administration and during the procedure (p < .01). The esketamine 1 mg/kg group showed a higher incidence of vomiting and visual disturbances than the other three groups (p < .001).

WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: In children who accomplished diagnostic paediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation/anaesthesia, the total dosage of propofol needed was reduced significantly in esketamine 0.5 and 1 mg/kg groups with a corresponding reduce in propofol-related hemodynamic changes. However, a higher incidence of esketamine-related adverse effects was found in esketamine 1 mg/kg group.

PMID:35255530 | DOI:10.1111/jcpt.13635

J Phys Condens Matter. 2022 Mar 7. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/ac5b47. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Noether’s Theorem is familiar to most physicists due its fundamental role in linking the existence of conservation laws to the underlying symmetries of a physical system. Typically the systems are described in the particle-based context of classical mechanics or on the basis of field theory. We have recently shown [Commun. Phys. 4, 176 (2021)] that Noether’s reasoning also applies to thermal systems, where fluctuations are paramount and one aims for a statistical mechanical description. Here we give a pedagogical introduction based on the canonical ensemble and apply it explicitly to ideal sedimentation. The relevant mathematical objects, such as the free energy, are viewed as functionals. This vantage point allows for systematic functional differentiation and the resulting identities express properties of both macroscopic average forces and molecularly resolved correlations in many-body systems, both in and out-of-equilibrium, and for active Brownian particles. To provide further background, we briefly describe the variational principles of classical density functional theory, of power functional theory, and of classical mechanics.

PMID:35255482 | DOI:10.1088/1361-648X/ac5b47

Int J Sports Med. 2022 Mar 7. doi: 10.1055/a-1790-7982. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

To systematically review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) to compared the effects of leukocyte-rich and leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Two independent reviewers comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Comparison of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma or leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma in rotator cuff repair in a level I RCTs. Methodological quality assessment was carried out using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Nine RCTs with 540 patients were included in this review. Meta-analysis showed that leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma in significantly reduced retear rate in rotator cuff repair [RR=0.56 95%CI (0.42,0.75); P＜0.05), and in clinical results, the constant score [MD=3.67, 95%CI (1.62,5.73); P=0.0005], UCLA score [MD=1.60, 95%CI (0.79,2.42); P=0.0001], ASES score [MD=2.16, 95%CI(0.12,4.20);P=0.04] were significantly improved. There was a significant result in favor of PRP for the Constant score [MD=-1.24, 95%CI(-1.50,-0.99); P＜0.00001], while SST scores were not significantly different among all groups [MD=0.21, 95%CI(-0.21,0.64); P=0.32]. In conclusion, leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma can improved the clinical function and reduced retear rate in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. In contrast, the efficacy of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma was not significantly improved with the exception of VAS score.

PMID:35255508 | DOI:10.1055/a-1790-7982

Psychiatriki. 2022 Feb 21. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2022.069. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Preservation of a population’s cognitive functions is a matter of increased concern for all healthcare systems. The detection of factors that are associated with cognitive functions is a matter of increased interest to both the treatment of vulnerable individuals and the implementation of strategies to delay age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to highlight sociodemographic, physical, and mental health factors associated with the cognitive function in non-demented elderly primary health care attendees. The sample consisted of 362 primary health care attendees aged 60 years or above. A questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and physical health history, along with a battery of psychometric instruments consisting of the Test Your Memory (TYM) test, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-15), Short Anxiety Screening Test (SAST), and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), were given to all participants.Participants who scored below 39/40 in the TYM, which is the cut-off point for dementia screening in the version of the test we used, were excluded from further assessment. For the rest of the participants, 267 in total, their TYM scores were significantly and negatively correlated with age and SAST scores. Participants with lung and vascular health history problems scored lower in the TYM, as did those with poor education, who lived alone, and who lived in Alexandroupolis. Finally, healthy participants scored higher than individuals with at least one medical condition. Linear multiple regression analysis revealed a model (adjusted R2 = 25.80, F = 10.11, p < 0.001) with three factors (age (beta = -0.32), lung problems (beta = -0.23), and vascular factors (beta = -0.20) that could significantly predict 25.80% of the variance in TYM scores. Preservation of physical health, especially lung and vascular health, along with anxiety alleviation help to counterbalance the negative effect of aging on cognitive function in non-demented elderly primary care attendees.

PMID:35255475 | DOI:10.22365/jpsych.2022.069

Psychiatriki. 2022 Feb 21. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2022.065. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Adolescent aggression has received a wide and longtime attention in scientific research, because of the extent of the phenomenon in this age group and of the negative consequences it inflicts on affected adolescents, and their human environments. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the proportion (of high levels) of aggressive behaviors (physical, verbal, and direct aggression, anger, and hostility) in an urban sample of adolescent students, as well as to investigate associations between the occurrence of these behaviors, and adolescents’ characteristics and mental health problems. The sample consisted of 2050 students attending the second grade of 49 random selected High Schools and Senior High Schools of the Regional Unit of the Central Sector of Attica and Piraeus. The Buss- Perry Aggression Questionnaire was administered to measure participants’ aggression behaviors, while the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was also used to estimate their mental health and behavioral difficulties. Information about adolescents’ individual, family, and school characteristics, was also collected. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the occurrence rates of high levels of participants’ aggressive behaviors ranged between 2.2 (for total aggression) and 10.5% (for anger). Among individual characteristics, gender (with boys predominating in physical and direct aggression and girls in anger), (older) age, and sports activity (to direct aggression) were related to participants’ aggressive behaviors. On the other hand, non-intact family structure and household insecurity food intake were positive correlated with specific aggressive behaviors, while pocket money allowance was positive associated with all of them. Concerning participants’ mental health and behavioral issues, conduct problems and hyperactivity/ inattention were positive correlated with all investigated aggressive behaviors. In conclusion, the vast majority of the Central Sector of Attica and Piraeus adolescents did not seem to show high levels of aggressive behaviors (except anger). Nevertheless, considering this study outcomes (such as the “aggressive” burden of older adolescents, the role of family structure and pocket money allowance, as well as the co-occurrence with mental and behavioral problems), further longitudinal study is required to better understand the mechanisms that facilitate adolescent aggression.

PMID:35255470 | DOI:10.22365/jpsych.2022.065